FIGHTING  MEN 
_ILUNOIS(i 


LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


977.365 

B28f 


I.H.3. 


This  book  has  been 
digitized  through 
the  generosity  of 

Robert  O.  Blissard 
Class  of  1957 


University  of  Illinois  Library  at  Urbana-Champaign 


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?/!(iuii'iiii;!i:iiiiiiii^ 


AN    ILLINOIS 
PATRIOT 


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niiiii:i!iiinin^ 


FIGHTING   MEN 

of 

ILLINOIS 


A 71  Illust fated  Historical  Biography 

Cofupikd  from  Private  and 

Public  Authentic 

Records 


VERMILION  COUNTY 

EDITION 


Edited  and  Published  by 

S.   C.   BARTLETT 

Chicago,  Illinois 


Copyright,  1918 

S.   C.   BARTLETT 

All  rights  reserved 


^77-365 


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'M\  ill  iIr'  alistract  is  a  fcarsonit'  thing.     War,  witli  our  own  lioys  in  uni- 
form, instead  of  a  fearsome  thing,  becomes  an  inspiration.     Sucii  is  tlic 
war  for  Democracy  that  has  been  waged  by  tlie  nations  of  Europe  and 
our  f)wn  United  States  against  tlie  flerman  Autocracy. 

Thai  Vermihon  County,  Illinois,  .should  hold  a  front  rank  in  the  part  i-layed 
by  our  own  boys  is  but  natural.  'I  he  very  air  of  this  section  of  Illinois  breathes 
l)atnotism  and  love  of  country.  The  mothers  of  this  district  instill  into  their  sons 
and  daughters  love  of  Ciod  and  love  of  the  Mag,  before  even  the  children  have  a 
sense  of  obligation  and  realization  of  their  own. 

When  America  entered  this  war  of  the  ages  an;iinst  barb.-irisin,  the  youth  of 
Vermilion  heard  and  heeded  the  cry  of  broken    I'.elgiiuii  and   blei-diiig  huiuanitw 


.Se;irch  the  record  of  <iur  st.nle  .•iiid  of  the  n;ilion,  tlieii  search  the  Verniiiion 
C'ounty  records  and  compare  them  all      X'ermilion  li;is  never  been   found  wanting. 

In  presenting  this  book  to  the  people  of  the  country,  the  jiublisher  has 
attempted  in  some  small  measure  to  bring  oefore  them  in  compact  form,  an  all- 
loo-brief  story  of  tiieir  own  communit\',  coupled  with  a  pictorial  history  of  the 
country's  patriots  who  h;ive  pledged  their  all  their  \'ery  li\'es  that  Liberty  may 
live  and  Right  may  triumph. 

Liberty  will  live  and  Right  will  triumph-  -that  we  know.  But  it  is  the  willing 
heart  and  the  willing  hand  that  gives  prom|)tly  even  more  than  is  asked  that  will 
bring  this  victory  the  quicker  and  therein  lies  Vermilion's  lead  over  other  sec- 
tions of  the  country,     \ernuhon  leads  in  the  race  for  Right  and   X'ictory. 

Within  the  covers  of  this  b(K)k  we  have  attem|>te(l  to  set  forth  what  Ver- 
milion and  Vermilion's  sons  typify.  If  we  have  succeeded  the  success  is  due  not 
to  us,  not  to  the  typogra|)her  who  prepared  this  book,  but  to  the  fathers  and  the 
mothers  who  raised  these  sons  for  this  highest  and  greatest  service  to  humanity. 

THE  PUBLISHER. 


Discover!)  of| 


TRADITION 


Chapter   I 


THE  histor}'  of  any  section  of  our  great  west  lying  between  tlie  Alleghany  mountains  and  the  Missis- 
sippi River  must  of  glorious  necessity  start  with  the  history  of  France  on  the  American  continent. 
Here  where  fearless  courage,  undaunted  bravery  and  hardy  perseverance  always  find  the  response 
of  ready  appreciation,  we  of  the  west  look  back  with  glowing  pride  to  the  deeds  accomplished  and  obsta- 
cles overcome  by  these  intrepid  men — the  founders  of  our  western  civilization — the  discoverers  of  our 
homes  today.  The  bright  lustre  of  their  fame  France  shares  with  us  since  La  Salle,  Joliet.  Marquette, 
Champlain,  and  a  thousand  others  mothered  by  fair  France  rest  now  in  the  bosom  of  the  land  that  ever 
enticed  and  enthralled  them.  Their  efforts  are  the  corner  stones  of  the  greatest  civilization  the  world  has 
ever  known.  Their  trials  and  tribulations  were  not  in  vain.  Upon  the  foundation  left  by  them  there 
has  in  less  than  three  centuries  been  established  the  most  powerful  nation  known  to  histor}'. 

Tradition — the  forerunner  of  history — really  means  unjiroven  history — but  it  does  not  necessarily 
follow  tradition  is  untrue. 

Many  really  great  experiences  befallen  hitherto  unknown  and  obscure  men,  have  been  related, 
retold  and  marked  tradition  and  have  been  denied  the  pages  of  civilized  history.  The  probability  that 
many  of  these  undertakings  were  true,  but  were  accorded  to  tradition  and  unrecorded  in  history  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  they  were  either  not  recorded  securely  enough,  or  that  they  were  recorded  in  wrong 
places. 

The  great  tradition  of  France  is  that  in  1488,  antedating  Columbus  by  four  years,  Cousin,  a  French 
sailor,  discovered  America.  Cousin,  sailing  from  his  home  port  of  Dieppe,  while  far  out  to  sea  off  the 
African  coast,  was  forced  westward  by  wild  winds  until  one  day  he  beheld  land  in  the  distance.  Upon 
closer  investigation  he  made  out  the  mouth  of  a  large  river. 

Lacking  the  initiative  of  the  later  navigators,  he  made  no  e.\plorations,  nor  did  he  land,  but  with  the 
aid  of  clement  weather  retraced  his  course  and  in  due  time  returned  to  France. 

Among  his  sailors  on  this  voyage  was  one  Pinzon  whom  Cousin  threw  into  chains  on  account  of  his 
mutinous  conduct.  When  the  Port  of  Dieppe  was  finally  reached,  Pinzon  was  dismissed  from  the  mar- 
itime service.  He  journeyed  to  Spain  and  there  met  Columbus,  acquainting  him  of  his  recent  voyage.  He 
also  was  a  member  of  Columbus'  crew  in  his  voyage  of  discovery.     This  is  tradition. 

It  is  a  known  fact  that  in  1500,  Cabral,  a  Spanish  navigator,  had  an  ex])erience  similar  to  the  one 
related  by  Cousin. 

Fierce  gales,  temjjestuous  winds  and  stormy  seas  tossed  him  about  until  he  was  blown  within 
sight  of  land,  which  proved  to  be  Brazil.  This  in  itself  is  of  sufficient  evidence  that  what  befell  Cabral 
in  1500,  could  just  as  easily  have  happened  to  Cousin  in  1488. 


With  the  destruction  of  the  city  records  of  Dieppe  in  1694,  perished  the  opportunity  of  ever  being 
able  to  find  even  a  clue  to  substantiate  Cousin's  claimed  discover)'. 

Previous  to  this  date  no  thorough  investigation  of  the  records  was  ever  known  to  have  been  made. 
A  search  previous  to  1694  might  have  verified  Cousin's  discovery. 

Is  it  not  possible  then  that  the  name  Cousin  should  shine  clear  upon  the  pages  of  histor}'  instead 
of  ajipearing  dimly  among  the  misty  myths  of  tradition? 

Following  in  the  wake  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  endeavor,  ship  after  ship  sailed  from  the  northern 
ports  of  France,  bent  on  voyages  of  discovery.  By  1500  French  vessels  manned  by  French  sailors  had 
rounded  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  venturing  far  into  the  seas  beyond,  had  touched  the  coasts  of  India 
and  had  even  sighted  the  shores  of  Australia. 

The  fishermen  from  the  harbors  of  Brittany  are  known  to  have  reached  the  coast  of  Newfoundland 
as  early  as  1504.  The  name  of  Cape  Breton  is  found  upon  the  earliest  maps.  These  voyages  were  all 
private  undertakings,  unauthorized  by  the  king  or  state.  They  had  no  direct  result  except  to  build  up  a 
class  of  sailors  unequalled  for  their  sturdy  seagoing  qualities. 

A  new  era  in  French  explorations  soon  started.  Francis  I,  ambitious  to  obtain  some  of  the  wealth 
and  glory  of  the  new  world,  encouraged  every  form  of  maritime  enterprise.  These  voyages  were  organ- 
ized for  the  distinct  purpose  of  turning  whatever  might  be  discovered  to  the  direct  benefit  and  profit  of 
France.     It  was  the  intention  of  Francis  I  to  establish  organized  government  upon  all  lands  found. 

"Francis  I  of  France  manifested  but  slight  reverence  for  Pope  Alexander  VI  and  his  bulls.  Accord- 
ing to  Bernal  Diaz,  he  sent  word  to  his  great  rival,  Charles  V,  asking  him  by  what  right  he  and  the 
king  of  Portugal  undertook  to  monopolize  the  earth  ;  had  our  first  father,  Adam,  made  them  his  sole 
heirs?  If  so,  it  would  be  no  more  than  proper  for  them  to  produce  a  copy  of  the  will,  and  meanwhile 
he  should  feel  at  liberty  to  seize  upon  all  he  could  get." 

Verrazano,  a  Florentine  by  birth,  but  in  the  service  of  France  during  the  years  of  1523  and  1524, 
voyaged  to  America  and  followed  the  coast  line  from  North  Carolina  until  he  reached  the  fishing  grounds 
of  Newfoundland.  His  rejiort  to  the  king  upon  his  return  is  the  first  written  description  of  the  shores 
of  x\merica. 


Jacques  Cartier 


Indians  Greeting  the  French 

Chapter    II 

IX  the  year  1534,  Jacques  Cartier,  a  sea  captain  from  the  famous  port  of  St.  Malo,  in  search  of  the 
mythical  northwest  passage  to  India  entered  the  St.  Lawrence  Bay.  The  day  Cartier  ascended  tlie 
St.  Lawrence,  French  Dominion  in  reality  started  in  America.  His  voyage  was  frought  with  direct 
resuUs.  The  stories  told  by  him  of  this  wonderful  country — its  native  inhabitants — its  vast  forests  — 
its  plentitude  of  animals  of  all  kinds  rewarded  the  king  for  his  efforts  so  far  and  spurred  him  on  to  reap 
the  full  reward  of  discover}^  He  began  planning  at  once  how  to  people  and  how  to  govern  this  new 
domain  which  he  had  christened  New  France. 

On  May  19,  1535,  Cartier  left  the  port  of  St.  Malo  on  a  second  trip  to  the  country  of  New  France. 
His  expedition  consisted  of  three  stout  ships  with  a  crew  of  over  a  hundred  sailors,  augmented  by  many 
adventurous  gentlemen  of  noble  blood.  When  he  again  reached  the  St.  Lawrence  countrj'  he  was  wel- 
comed on  every  hand  by  the  friendly  natives.  On  what  is  now  the  present  site  of  Montreal,  they  vis- 
ited the  Indian  town  of  Hochelaga,  of  over  1,200  inhabitants.  From  the  top  of  the  mountain  against 
whose  slopes  the  town  nestled,  a  view  unsurpassed  of  the  surrounding  country  was  obtained.  Bound- 
less forests  and  fertile  valleys,  occasionally  cut  by  the  streams  which  wound  through  them,  reached  out 
in  an  endless  panorama  before  the  eye.     To  this  noble  site,  Cartier  gave  the  name  of  Mount  Royal. 

It  was  now  October  and  the  chill  weather  of  a  Canadian  fall  warned  them  that  winter  was  fast 
approaching.  Cartier,  instead  of  returning  to  France,  decided  to  spend  the  winter  months  in  this  new 
land.  Thus  he  and  his  followers  were  the  first  Europeans  ever  to  experience  the  monotonous  cold- 
ness of  the  Canadian  winter.  They  were  ill  prepared  to  stand  this  severe  test  especially  in  the  matter 
of  clothing  and  food.  Many  died  from  sickness  and  the  rigors  of  the  unaccustomed  climate.  At  last 
winter  came  to  an  end  and  the  ice  in  the  rivers  gradually  melted. 

On  May  3,  1536,  Cartier  .started  home  for  France,  arriving  at  St.  Malo  on  Sunday,  July  17,  1536. 

The  new  continent  had  come  in  touch  for  the  first  time  with  the  civilization  of  the  ages.  For  the 
first  time  they  traded  the  fish  from  the  streams  and  the  corn  from  their  fields  for  the  knives,  hatchets, 
mirrors  and  other  articles  of  European  commerce.     Cartier  in  his  description  of  these  lands  relates : 

"On  both  sides  of  the  river  were  very  good  lands  filled  with  as  beautiful  and  vigorous  trees  as  are 
to  be  seen  in  the  world,  and  of  various  sorts.  A  great  many  oaks,  the  finest  I  have  ever  seen  in  my  life, 
and  so  full  of  acorns  that  they  seemed  likely  to  break  down  with  their  weight.  Besides  these  there  were 
the  most  beautiful  maples,  cedars,  birches,  and  other  kinds  of  trees  not  to  be  seen  in  France.  The 
forest  land  toward  the  south  is  covered  with  vines,  which  are  .found  loaded  with  grapes  as  black  as 
brambleberries.  There  were  also  many  hawthorn  trees,  with  leaves  as  large  as  those  of  the  oak,  and 
fruit  like  that  of  the  medlar  tree.  In  short,  the  country  is  as  fit  for  cultivation  as  one  could  find  or  desire. 
We  sowed  seeds  of  cabbage,  lettuce,  turnips  and  others  of  our  country',  which  came  up  in  eight  days." 

Mention  is  also  made  of  "wild  corn,  peas  in  flower,  currants,  strawberries,  roses  and  sweet  herbs." 

The  majority  of  the  time  passed  by  Cartier  upon  the  new  continent  was  spent  shut  up  in  winter 
quarters,  so  he  did  not  have  much  opportunity  to  explore  the  interior  or  study  the  native  inhabitants. 
His  description  of  the  Indians  encountered  in  his  travels  is  accurate  as  concerns  their  appearance  and 
some  of  their  habits  and  characteristics.  He  did  not  have  sufficient  time  to  post  himself  on  their  tribal 
forms  of  government,  or  to  classify  them  correctly  according  to  their  tribal  names  and  units. 

As  he  brought  several  Indians  back  to  France,  lie  gave  his  king  and  patrons  visible  proof  substan- 
tiating his  statements  concerning  them. 

13 


On  May  Z5,  1541,  after  an  interval  of  fi\-e  years.  Cartier  again  sailed  from  St.  Alalo,  after  persuad- 
ing the  king  to  grant  him  a  commission  to  revisit  New  France.  He  saw  again  the  same  lands  and  the 
same  people  as  on  his  second  voyage,  and  passed  another  strenuous  winter  among  the  impenetrable 
forests  of  the  northwest.  With  the  coming  of  spring  he  determined  to  return  to  France,  arriving  there 
during  the  summer  of  1542.  On  account  of  the  internal  dissension  and  religious  wars  which  his 
country  was  experiencing  at  this  time,  Cartier  could  obtain  no  further  patronage  nor  assistance. 

After  disheartening  attempts  to  secure  financial  aid  for  another  voyage,  Cartier,  worn  out  by  the 
strain  of  past  efiforts  and  present  disappointments,  retired  to  private  life.  He  was  now  well  past  fifty 
years  of  age.  The  remainder  of  his  days  were  spent  in  the  quiet  and  seclusion  of  his  countrs-  home  on 
the  outskirts  of  St.  Malo. 

Of  all  the  names  linked  with  the  early  history  of  the  west  none  deser\es  more  lasting  renown  than 
Jacques  Cartier. 

He  was  cheerful  and  optimistic  under  the  most  discouraging  circumstances.  He  was  undaunted  in 
the  face  of  obstacles  that  to  many  seemed  unsurmountable,  yet  he  overcame  them  all,  In  his  dealings 
with  the  Indians  he  showed  a  natural  tact  and  discernment  that  many  of  his  successors  would  have 
done  well  to  imitate.  In  his  attitude  towards  his  followers  he  was  just  and  considerate.  He  commanded 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  king  at  an  age  when  it  was  the  custom  rather  to  be  an  object  of  dis- 
trust and  suspicion. 

His  intercourse  with  the  new  world  was  unstained  with  the  blood  of  either  Indian  or  white  man, 
which  was  in  great  contrast  to  the  bloody  battles  soon  to  be  fought  upon  these  same  shores. 

Although  after  the  retirement  of  Cartier,  no  authorized  attempts  were  made  at  either  exploration 
or  colonization  many  private  enterprises  left  the  ports  of  Dieppe  and  St.  Malo  for  tlie  shores  and  fish- 
ing grounds  of  New  Foundland  and  the  harbors  fringing  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  venturous  mariners  of  the  northern  provinces  of  France  were  jealous  of  the  sudden  wealth 
which  had  befallen  their  Spanish  neighbors — but  whereas  Spanish  sailors  searched  mostly  for  gold  and 
silver — the  French  traders  were  content  to  be  covetous  of  the  safer  and  surer  profits  derived  from  the 
fur  trade  of  Arcadia  and  the  fishing  grounds  of  Xew  Foundland.  Arcadia  was  the  name  given  the 
eastern  peninsula  of  Canada. 

With  the  advent  of  every  successive  ship  upon  the  shores  of  Xew  France  the  commerce  between 
Indian  and  white  man  grew  in  proportion. 

The  natives  each  spring  became  accustomed  to  scanning  the  horizon  for  sails.  The  moment  ves- 
sels approached  they  hurried  to  carry  to  the  beach  the  results  of  their  winter's  hunting.  Their  skins 
they  bartered  for  the  knives,  hatchets,  beads,  cloth  and  other  European  commodities  carried  by  the 
traders.  It  was  from  them  the  Indians  obtained  their  first  taste  of  alcohol,  which  was  eventually  to 
become  one  of  the  primary  reasons  for  the  degeneration  and  disorganization  of  their  race. 

The  wines  of  France  were  given  them,  not  as  an  artick  of  barter,  but  to  rather  serve  as  an  induce- 
ment for  friendly  relations. 

That  this  trading  in  skins  and  fish  was  of  large  proportions  notwithstanding  the  wars  that  were 
wrecking  France  is  shown  from  the  following  quotation  from  Parkman : 

"In  January  and  February,  1545,  about  two  vessels  a  day  sailed  from  the  French  ports  for  New- 
foundland. In  1565,  Pedro  Menendez  complained  that  the  French  'rule  despotically'  in  those  part.s. 
In  1607,  there  was  an  old  French  fisherman  at  Canseau  who  had  voyaged  to  these  seas  for  forty-two 
successive  years." 

This  was  an  age  of  great  moment  for  France  and  the  whole  civilized  world. 

These  stormy  years  were  filled  with  epoch  making  events.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was  executed — 
the  Netherlands  revolted — the  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew  took  place — William  of  Orange  was  assassi- 
nated and  the  Spanish  Armada  was  defeated. 

Foreign  wars,  religious  strife,  and  internal  disorder  had  torn  France  asunder. 

When  such  protentious  happenings  were  taking  place  there  it  little  wonder  that  France  was  not 
tempted  to  take  over  new  responsibilities.  But  in  1594.  with  the  firm  hold  of  Henry  IV  upon  the  throne 
with  the  issuance  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  159 \  and  with  the  end  of  foreign  wars  by  the  Peace  of 
Vervins,  France  was  ayain  ,Tt  rr^t. 


(©^ 


Along  the  St.  Lawrence 
14 


Samuel  De  Champlain 


b^  <^  <i  '^  ^' 


Champlain's  Explanation  of  the  Accompanying  Map 
Quebec 

A.  The  site  where  our  habitation  is  built.  P..  Cleared  land  where  we  sow  wheat  and  other  grain. 
C.  The  gardens.  D.  Small  brook  coming  from  marshes.  E.  River  where  Jacques  Cartier  passed  the 
winter,  which  in  his  time  he  called  St.  Croix,  and  which  name  lias  been  transferred  to  a  place  fifteen 
leagues  above  Quebec.  F.  River  of  the  marshes.  G.  Place  where  was  collected  the  grass  for  the  ani- 
mals brought  here.  H.  The  grand  fall  of  Montmorency,  which  descends  from  a  height  of  more  than 
twenty-five  fathoms  into  the  river.  I.  The  end  of  the  Island  of  Orleans.  L.  A  very  narrow  point  on  the 
shore  east  of  Quebec.  M.  Roaring  river  which  extends  to  the  Etechemins.  N.  The  great  river  of  St. 
Lawrence,  f).  Lake  in  the  roaring  river.  P.  Mountains  in  the  interior;  bay  which  I  named  New  Biscay. 
Q.  Lake  of  the  great  fall  of  Montmorency.  R.  Bear  Brook.  S.  Brook  du  Gendre.  T.  Meadows  over 
flowed  at  ever)'  tide.  V.  Mont  du  Gas,  ver>-  high,  situated  on  the  bank  of  the  river.  X.  Swift  brook, 
adapted  to  all  kinds  of  mills.  Y.  Gravelly  shore  where  a  quantity  of  diamonds  are  found  somewhat  bet- 
ter than  those  of  Alanson.  Z.  The  Point  of  Diamonds.  9.  Places  where  the  savages  often  build  their 
cabins. 


Chapter  III 


THK  attitude  of  France  toward  her  colonial  enteri)rises  was  unturlunate.  The  nation,  weakened 
by  long  wars  was  financially  unable  to  spend  any  sum  of  sufficient  size  to  safeguard  her  Amer- 
can  interests.     Her  dependencies  were  possessions  in  name  only. 

Cartier's  gift  to  his  country  was  never  rightfully  appraised  by  Henry  IV  nor  his  successors.  It 
pleased  France's  pride  to  own  Canada,  but  she  did  not  nationally  assume  the  responsibility.  She 
shifted  the  burden  upon  private  individuals  and  covetous  corporations  all  of  whom  were  pledged  to 
work  for  the  nation's  interest  and  at  the  same  time  were  expected  to  pay  fat  royalties  from  the  pro- 
ceeds of  their  commercial  undertakings. 

The  king,  under  this  arrangement  had  his  new  lands  taken  care  of  at  no  exi)ense  to  himself.  If  the 
companies  prospered  he  was  enriched  ;  if  they  were  unsuccessful  his  was  not  the  treasure  which  had  been 
depleted. 

\'iewing  the  situation  from  a  financial  angle  1-Vance  could  not  lose  and  she  perhaps  might  gain,  but 
the  slur  of  commercialism  will   forever  stain  this  jieriod  of  her  history. 

We  forgive  and  almost  forget  this  deserved,  but  unneeded  stigma,  when  we  review  the  fearless 
exploits  of  some  of  the  heroic  explorers  and  the  marvelous  journeys  of  the  Jesuits  and  Friars.  To  the 
individual  efiforts  of  these  men,  ever  hampered  by  commercialized  authority,  we  owe  the  beginnings  of 
the  civilization  which  we  today  enjoy,  but  to  commercialized  France  no  credit  should  be  given  since  her 
attitude  was  never  one  of  encouragement  nor  support. 

This  short-sighted  policv  with  its  indifference  to  results  finallv  cost  l-"rance  the  greatest  realm  on 
earth. 

Her  duty  was  plain.   She  should  have   faced  the  responsibility  no  matter  what  it  cost. 

From  1598  until  1643,  company  after  company  was  chartered — one  royal  favorite  after  another 
sponsoring  them.  Everyone  an  eventful  failure.  Not  one  of  these  organizations  was  serious  in  their 
professed  intentions  of  settling  the  country.  Their  conceptions  were  inspired  entirely  by  the  fabulous 
profits  exjiected  to  be  derived  from  the  fur  trade.  Every  charter  contained  the  monopoly  of  this  coveted 
commerce.     There  never,  though,  could  be  a  tight  monopoly. 

Daring  individual  traders  contemptuous  of  any  exclusive  claim  to  this  trade  still  continued  to  barter 
their  wares  for  the  Indian  furs.     There  was  turmoil  and  trouble. 

Along  the  whole  coast  line  the  monoi)olists  and  bucaneering  traders  fought  iniioiKjst  llicinselz'fs 
7i.'hen  not  ranged  against  each  other. 

During  all  these  wasted  and  ill  spent  years,  Champlain  stands  supreme,  like  an  Errant  Knight  of 
old,  his  goal  once  set  his  purpose  never  wavered.  The  ambition  of  liis  life  was  to  .^zrilz'c  from  the  vast 
barbaric  wilderness  a  populated  and  governed  country. 

There  was  little  hope  for  the  settlement  of  the  country  while  the  avowed  juinmsc  of  every  enterprise 
was  the  immediate  enrichment  of  its  coffers.  There  was  no  intention  of  waiting  or  any  sincere  attem|it 
to  build  for  future  generations.  What  settlement  was  made  grew  out  of  the  necessity  of  having  to 
possess  established  centers  for  the  traders  to  winter  in. 

The  active  traders,  those  who  actually  crossed  the  Atlantic,  may  be  classified  under  the  headings — 
trading  explorers  and  exploring  traders. 

The  difference  lav  in  which  stimulus  most  spurred  them  on— the  love  of  adventure  or  the  desire  for 
wealth. 

It  would  have  been  a  different  .story  if  the  king  himself  had  appreciated  the  worth  of  his  new  empire 
and  colonized  with  the  same  efficiency  that  he  fought  his  enemies  at  home  and  abroad. 

The  slow  growth  of  the  colony  of  Quebec  is  an  excellent  illustration  of  the  lack  of  serious  interest 
on  the  part  of  anvone  in  I'rance  to  properlv  occupv  the  country.  In  1626  the  entire  population  was 
composed  of  only' 105  men,  women  and  children.  Of  ihese  only  two  families  were  self-supporting  from 
the  cultivation  of  the  soil. 

Where  France  should  have  encouraged  the  farmer  and  home  builder,  she  sent  the  soldier  and  sailor. 
.•\11  fine  fighters,  all  enterprising  explorers,  but  all  lacking  the  steadfast  qualities  needed  to  capitalize 
their  efforts  for  the  growth  of  the  country.     We  owe  them  much.     We  admire  them  more. 

For  more  than  thirty  years  the  influence  of  Champlain's  iiersonality  ruled  the  destinies  of  Xew 
France. 

19 


From  the  time  of  his  first  voyage  in  1598,  to  the  day  of  his  death  in  1()35,  Champlain  devoted  his 
whole  existence  to  this  Xew  World. 

His  life  was  filled  with  continual  and  dangerous  adventure,  the  least  important  of  which  would 
today  be  considered  the  experience  of  a  life  time,  if  one  were  fortunate  enough  to  survive. 

Judged  by  immediate  results  his  labors  were  in  vain,  weighed  by  permanent  results  no  one  can  even 
estimate  sufficiently  the  great  value  to  the  world  of  his  explorations  and  his  sincere  attempts  at  colo- 
nizing. Through  the  lakes  and  rivers  found  by  him  the  commerce  of  the  world  now  passes.  From 
the  little  settlement  of  Quebec  has  gradually,  step  by  step,  evolved  the  great  west  of  today.  Quebec's 
humble  beginning  is  described  by  Champlain. 

"From  the  Island  of  Orleans  to  Quebec  the  distance  is  a  league.  I  arrived  there  on  the  3rd  of 
July,  when  I  searched  for  a  place  suitable  for  our  settlement,  but  I  could  find  none  more  convenient  or 
better  situated  than  the  point  of  Quebec,  so-called  by  the  savages,  which  was  covered  with  nut  trees.  I  at 
once  employed  a  portion  of  our  workmen  in  cutting  them  down,  that  we  might  construct  our  habita- 
tion there.  One  I  set  to  sawing  boards,  another  to  making  a  cellar  and  digging  ditches,  another  I  sent 
to  Tadouffac  with  the  barque  to  get  supplies.  The  first  thing  we  made  was  the  storehouse  for  keeping 
under  cover  our  supplies,  which  was  promptly  accomplished  through  the  zeal  of  all,  and  my  attention 
to  the  work. 

"I  had  the  work  on  our  quarters  continued,  which  was  composed  of  three  buildings  of  two  stories 
Each  one  was  three  fathoms  long,  and  two  and  a  half  wide.  The  storehouse  was  six  fathoms  long  and 
three  wide,  with  a  fine  cellar  six  feet  deep.  I  had  a  gallery  made  all  around  our  buidings,  on  the  outside, 
at  the  second  story,  which  proved  very  convenient.  There  were  also  ditches,  I  constructed  several  spurs 
which  enclosed  a  part  of  the  dwelling,  at  the  points  where  we  placed  our  cannon.  Before  the  habitation 
there  is  a  place  four  fathoms  wide  and  six  or  seven  long,  looking  out  upon  the  river  bank.  Surrounding 
the  habitation  are  very  good  gardens,  and  a  place  on  the  north  side  some  hundred  or  hundred  and  twenty 
paces  long  and  fifty  or  sixty  wide.  Moreover,  near  Quebec,  there  is  a  little  river,  coming  from  a  lake 
in  the  interior,  distant  six  or  seven  leagues  from  our  settlement.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  this  river, 
which  is  north  a  quarter,  northwest  from  our  settlement,  is  the  place  where  Jaques  Cartier  wintered, 
since  there  are  still,  a  league  up  the  river,  remains  of  what  seems  to  have  been  a  chimney,  the  foundation 
of  which  has  been  found,  and  indications  of  there  having  been  ditches  surrounding  their  dwelling,  which 
was  small.  We  found,  also,  large  pieces  of  hewn,  worm-eaten  timber,  and  some  three  or  four  cannon- 
balls.  All  these  things  show  clearly  that  there  was  a  settlement  there  founded  by  Christians ;  and  what 
leads  me  to  say  and  believe  that  it  was  that  of  Jacques  Cartier  is  the  fact  that  there  is  no  other  evidence 
whatever  that  any  one  wintered  and  built  a  house  in  these  places  except  Jacques  Cartier,  at  the  time  of 
his  discoveries. 

"While  the  carpenters,  sawers  of  boards,  and  other  workmen  were  employed  on  our  quarters,  I  set 
all  the  others  to  work  clearing  up  around  our  place  of  abode,  in  preparation  for  gardens  in  which  to 
plant  grain  and  seeds,  that  we  might  see  how  they  would  flourish,  as  the  soil  seemed  to  be  very  good. 

"Meanwhile,  a  large  number  of  savages  were  encamped  in  cabins  near  us,  engaged  in  fishing  for  eels, 
which  begin  to  come  about  the  iSth  of  September  and  go  away  on  the  15th  of  October.  During  this  time 
all  the  savages  subsist  on  this  food,  and  dry  enough  of  it  for  the  winter  to  last  until  the  month  of  Feb- 
ruary, when  there  are  about  two  and  a  half,  or  at  most  three,  feet  of  snow;  and,  when  their  eels  and 
other  things  which  they  dry  have  been  prepared  they  go  to  hunt  the  beaver  until  the  beginning  of  Janu- 
ary. At  their  departure  for  this  purpose,  they  intrusted  to  us  all  their  eels  and  other  things,  until  their 
return,  which  was  on  the  15th  of  December.  But  they  did  not  have  great  success  in  the  beaver  hunt,  as 
the  amount  of  water  was  too  great,  the  rivers  having  overrun  their  banks,  as  they  told  us.  I  returned 
to  them  all  their  supplies,  which  lasted  them  only  until  the  20th  of  January.  When  their  supply  of  eels 
gave  out,  they  hunted  the  elk  and  such  other  wild  beasts  as  they  could  find  until  spring,  when  I  was 
able  to  supply  them  with  various  things.    I  paid  especial  attention  to  their  customs. 

"These  people  sufifer  so  much  from  lack  of  food  that  they  are  sometimes  obliged  to  live  on  a  certain 
shell  fish,  and  eat  their  dogs  and  the  skins  with  which  they  clothe  themselves  against  the  cold.  I  am  of 
the  opinion  that,  if  one  were  to  show  them  how  to  live,  and  teach  them  the  cultivation  of  the  soil  and 
other  things,  they  would  learn  very  aptly.  For  many  of  them  possess  good  sense,  and  answer  properly 
questions  put  to  them.  They  have  a  bad  habit  of  taking  vengeance,  and  are  great  liars,  and  you  must  not 
put  too  much  reliance  on  them,  except  judiciously,  and  with  force  at  hand.  They  make  promises  readily, 
but  keep  their  word  poorly.  The  most  of  them  observe  no  law  at  all,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  see, 
and  are,  besides,  full  of  superstitions.  I  asked  them  with  what  ceremonies  they  were  accustomed  to  pray 
to  their  God,  when  they  replied  that  they  had  none,  but  that  each  prayed  to  him  in  his  heart,  as  he  wished. 
That  is  why  there  is  no  law  among  them,  and  they  do  not  know  what  it  is  to  worship  and  pray  to  God, 
living  as  they  do  like  brute  beasts.  But  I  think  that  they  would  soon  become  good  Christians,  if  people 
would  come  and  inhabit  their  country,  which  they  are  for  the  most  part  desirous  of.  There  are  some 
savages  among  them,  called  by  them  Pilotois,  whom  they  believe  have  intercourse  with  the  devil  face  to 
face,  who  tells  them  what  they  must  do  in  regard  to  war  and  other  things;  and,  if  he  should  order  thern 

20 


Abitation  DEr-  "^ 


^ilg^ 


Champlain's    Explanation    of  the   Accompanying   Drawing 
Abitation  de  Quebecq 

A.  The  storehouse.  B.  Dove-cote.  C.  A.  Building  where  our  arms  are  kept,  and  for  lodging  our 
workmen.  D.  Another  building  for  our  workmen.  E.  Dial.  F.  .Another  building,  comprising  the  black- 
smith's shop  and  the  lodgings  of  the  mechanics.  G.  Galleries  extending  entirely  round  the  dwellings. 
H.  The  dwelling  of  .Sieur  de  Champlain.  I.  Gate  to  the  habitation  where  there  is  a  drawbridge.  L. 
Promenade  about  the  habitation  ten  feet  wide,  extending  to  the  border  of  the  moat.  M.  Moat  extending 
all  round  our  habitation.  N.  Platforms,  of  a  tenaille  form,  for  our  cannon.  O.  Garden  of  Sieur  de 
Champlain.  P.  The  Kitchen.  Q.  Open  space  before  the  habitation  on  the  bank  of  the  river.  R.  The 
great  river  .St.  Lawrence. 


to  execute  any  undertaking,  they  would  obey  at  once.  So,  also,  they  believe  that  all  their  dreams  are  true ; 
and,  in  fact,  there  are  many  who  say  that  they  have  had  visions  and  dreams  about  matters  which  actu- 
ally come  to  pass  or  wall  do  so.  But,  to  tell  the  truth,  these  are  diabolical  visions,  through  which  they 
are  deceived  and  misled.  This  is  all  I  have  been  able  to  learn  about  their  brutish  faith.  All  these  people 
are  w^ell  proportioned  in  body,  without  deformity,  and  are  agile.  The  women,  also,  are  well-formed, 
plump,  and  of  a  swarthy  color,  in  consequence  of  certain  pigments  with  which  they  rub  themselves, 
and  which  give  them  a  permanent  olive  color.  They  are  dressed  in  skins;  a  part  only  of  the  body  is 
covered.  But  in  winter  they  are  covered  throughout,  in  good  furs  of  elk,  otter,  beaver,  bear,  seals,  deer 
and  roe,  of  which  they  have  large  quantities.  In  winter,  when  the  snow  is  deep,  they  make  a  sort  of  snow- 
shoe  of  large  size,  two  or  three  times  as  large  as  that  used  in  France,  which  they  attach  to  their  feet, 
thus  going  over  the  snow  without  sinking  in ;  otherwise,  they  could  not  hunt  or  walk  in  mam'  places. 
They  have  a  sort  of  marriage,  which  is  as  follows:  W'hen  a  girl  is  14  or  15  years  old  and  has  several 
suitors,  she  may  keep  company  with  all  she  likes.  At  the  end  of  five  or  six  years  she  takes  the  one  that 
pleases  her  for  her  husband,  and  they  live  together  to  the  end  of  their  lives.  But  if,  after  living  together 
for  some  time,  they  have  no  children,  the  man  can  disunite  himself  and  take  another  woman,  alleging 
that  his  own  is  good  for  nothing.    Hence,  the  girls  have  greater  freedom  than  the  married  women. 

"After  marriage  the  women  are  chaste  and  their  husbands  generally  jealous.  They  give  presents  to 
the  fathers  or  relatives  of  the  girls  they  have  wedded.  These  are  the  ceremonies  and  forms  observed 
in  their  marriages.  In  regard  to  their  burials :  When  a  man  or  woman  dies,  they  dig  a  pit,  in  which  they 
put  all  their  property,  as  kettles,  furs,  axes,  bows,  arrows,  robes  and  other  things.  Then  they  place  the 
body  in  the  pit  and  cover  it  with  earth,  putting  on  top  many  large  pieces  of  wood,  and  another  piece 
upright,  painted  red  on  the  upper  part.  They  believe  in  the  immortality  of  the  soul  and  say  that  they 
shall  be  happy  in  other  lands  with  their  relatives  and  friends  who  are  dead.  In  the  case  of  captains  or 
others  of  some  distinction,  they  celebrate  a  banquet  three  times  a  year  after  their  death,  singing  and 
dancing  about  the  grave." 

Champlain's  accounts  of  the  appearance,  characteristics,  customs  and  habits  of  the  Indians  are  im- 
portant. These  records  are  truthful  and  contain  none  of  the  exaggeration  so  often  found  in  the  jour- 
nals of  these  earlier  explorers.  Champlain  was  a  good  Christian  and  a  hater  of  lies.  His  is  a  story  of 
the  IndiTns  before  ci\'ilizatinn  had  had  the  opportunity  to  make  any  impression  upon  them. 

\\  ar.  generations  old,  was  continuous  between  the  Algonquins  and  Iroquois  for  the  sujiremacy  of 
the  Indian  world. 

Champlain  early  felt  the  need  of  Indian  assistance  in  his  many  explorations.  He  concluded  wisely 
that  these  voyages  could  be  made  much  safer  if  he  was  on  friendly  terms  with  the  natives.  He  had  to 
choose  between  the  Algonquins  and  the  Iroquois;  it  was  impossible  to  be  on  good  terms  with  both  races 
as  their  hatred  of  each  other  was  of  too  long  standing.  The  geographical  location  of  the  Algonquins 
compelled  his  choice.  As  the  Algonquins  inhabited  the  countr}-  in  and  around  .St.  Lawrence  valley,  he 
gladly  accepted  their  friendly  advances  and  to  cement  further  the  understanding  so  advantageous  for 
himself,  joined  them  in  their  wars  against  the  Iroquois. 

I'renchmen  though,  acquired  by  this  alliance  the  undying  and  bitter  enmity  of  the  fiercest,  craftiest, 
most  politic  race  of  Indians  known  to  history. 

In  1609  on  Lake  Champlain  the  first  encounter  of  any  size  took  place. 

This  lake  was  called  "Caniaderiguarunte"  by  the  Indians,  meaning  "the  lake  that  is  the  gate  of  the 
country."  It  was  the  "no  man's  land"  of  the  Algonquins  and  Iroquois.  Every  invasion  made  by  either 
race  into  the  territon,'  of  the  other  had  to  pass  through  its  portals.  Champlain's  account  of  this  first 
skirmish  is  interesting. 

"When  it  was  evening  we  embarked  in  our  canoes  to  continue  our  course  :  and,  as  we  ad\anced  very 
i|uietly  and  without  making  any  noise,  we  met  on  the  29th  of  the  month  the  Iro(|uois,  aliout  ten  o'clock 
at  evening,  at  the  extremity  of  a  cape  which  extends  into  the  lake  on  the  western  bank.  They  had 
come  to  fight,  ^\'e  both  began  to  utter  loud  cries,  all  getting  their  arms  in  readiness.  We  withdrew  out 
on  the  water  and  the  Iroquois  went  on  shore,  where  they  drew  up  all  their  canoes  close  to  each  other  and 
began  to  fell  trees  with  poor  axes,  which  they  ac(|uired  in  war  sometimes,  using  also  others  of  stone. 
Thus  they  barricaded  themselves  very  well. 

"Our  forces  also  passed  the  entire  night,  their  canoes  being  drawn  up  close  to  each  other  and  fas- 
tened to  poles,  so  that  they  might  not  get  separated,  and  that  they  might  be  all  in  readiness  to  fight,  if 
occasion  re(|uired.  We  were  out  u]ion  the  water,  within  arrow  range  of  their  barricades.  \\'hen  they 
were  armed  and  in  array,  they  despatched  two  canoes  by  themselves  to  the  enemy  to  inquire  if  they 
wished  to  fight,  to  which  the  latter  replied  that  they  wanted  nothing  else ;  but  they  said  that,  at  present, 
there  was  not  much  light,  and  that  it  would  be  necessary  to  wait  for  daylight,  so  as  to  be  able  to  recognize 

22 


each  other;  and  that,  as  soon  as  the  sun  rose  they  would  oflfer  us  battle.  This  was  agreed  to  by  our  side. 
Meanwhile,  the  entire  night  was  spent  in  dancing  and  singing,  on  both  sides,  with  endless  insults  and 
other  talk ;  as,  how  little  courage  we  had,  how  feeble  a  resistance  we  would  make  against  their  arms,  and 
that,  when  day  came,  we  should  realize  it  to  our  ruin.  Ours  also  were  not  slow  in  retorting,  telling  them 
they  would  see  such  execution  of  arms  as  never  before,  together  with  an  abundance  of  such  talk  as  is 
not  unusual  in  the  siege  of  a  town.  After  this  singing,  dancing  and  bandying  of  words  on  both  sides  to 
the  fill,  when  day  came,  my  companions  and  myself  continued  under  cover,  for  fear  that  the  enemy  would 
see  us.  We  arranged  our  arms  in  the  best  manner  possible,  being,  however,  separated,  each  in  one  of 
the  canoes  of  the  savage  Montagnais.  After  arming  ourselves  with  light  armor,  we  each  took  an  arque- 
buse  and  went  on  shore.  I  saw  the  enemy  go  out  of  their  barricade,  nearly  two  hundred  in  number, 
stout  and  rugged  in  appearance.  They  came  at  a  slow  pace  towards  us,  with  a  dignity  and  assurance 
which  greatly  amused  me,  having  three  chiefs  at  their  head.  Our  men  also  advanced  in  the  same  order, 
telling  me  that  those  who  had  three  large  plumes  were  the  chiefs,  and  that  they  had  only  these  three,  and 
that  they  could  be  distinguished  by  these  plumes,  which  were  much  larger  than  those  of  their  companions, 
and  that  I  should  do  what  I  could  to  kill  them.  I  promised  to  do  all  in  my  power,  and  said  that  I  was 
very  sorry  they  could  not  understand  me,  so  that  I  might  give  order  and  shape  their  mode  of  attacking 
their  enemies,  and  then  we  should,  without  doubt,  defeat  them  all ;  but  that  this  could  not  now  be  obviated 
and  that  I  should  be  very  glad  to  show  them  mv  courage  and  good  will  when  we  should  engage  in  the 
fight. 

".As  soon  as  we  had  landed  they  began  to  run  for  some  two  hundred  paces  toward  their  enemies,  who 
stood  firmly,  not  having  as  yet  noticed  my  companions,  who  went  into  the  woods  with  some  of  the 
savages.  Our  men  began  to  call  me  with  loud  cries;  and  in  order  to  give  me  a  passage-way,  they  opened 
in  two  parts  and  put  me  at  their  head,  where  I  marched  some  twenty  paces  in  advance  of  the  rest,  until 
I  was  within  about  thirty  paces  of  the  enemy,  who  at  once  noticed  me,  and,  halting,  gazed  at  me,  as  I 
did  also  at  them.  When  I  saw  them  making  a  move  to  fire  at  us,  I  rested  my  musket  against  my  cheek, 
and  aimed  directly  at  one  of  the  three  chiefs.  With  the  same  shot,  two  fell  to  the  ground;  and  one  of  their 
men  was  so  wounded  that  he  died  some  time  after.  I  had  loaded  my  musket  with  four  balls.  When  our 
side  saw  this  shot  so  favorable  for  them,  they  began  to  raise  such  loud  cries  that  one  could  not  have 
heard  it  thunder.  Meanwhile,  the  arrows  flew  on  both  sides.  The  Irociuois  were  greatly  astonished  that 
two  men  had  been  so  quickly  killed,  although  they  were  equipped  with  armor  woven  from  cotton  thread, 
and  with  wood  which  was  proof  against  their  arrows.  This  caused  great  alarm  among  them.  As  I  was 
loading  again,  one  of  my  companions  fired  a  shot  from  the  woods,  which  astonished  them  anew  to  such 
a  degree  tliat,  seeing  their  chiefs  dead,  they  lost  courage,  and  took  to  flight,  abandoning  their  camp  and 
fort,  and  fleeing  into  the  woods,  whither  I  pursued  them,  killing  still  more  of  them.  Our  savages  also 
killed  several  of  them,  and  took  ten  or  twelve  prisoners.  The  remainder  escaped  with  the  wounded.  Fif- 
teen or  sixteen  were  wounded  on  our  side  with  arrow  shots;  but  they  were  soon  healed. 

"After  gaining  the  victory,  our  men  amused  themselves  by  taking  a  great  quantity  of  Indian  corn  and 
some  meal  from  their  enemies,  also  their  armor,  which  they  had  left  behind  that  they  might  run  better. 
After  feasting  sumptuously,  dancing  and  singing,  we  returned  three  hours  after  with  the  prisoners.  The 
spot  where  this  attack  took  place  is  in  latitude  43  degrees  and  some  minutes,  and  the  lake  was  called  Lake 
C'liam])lain," 

In  1()10  he  made  a  second  attack  againt  the  Imquois.  It  was  successful  like  the  first.  The  last  Indian 
invasion  he  took  part  in  was  the  Big  \Var  Party  of  lU\S.  When  unable  to  dislodge  the  Iro(]uois.  the 
French  and  Algonquins  returned  disheartened  back  to  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  C'liani|ilain  was 
disgusted  with   the  inability  of  his  Indian  allies  to  maintain  order  and  discipline. 

Ihl3  marks  the  end  of  the  active  participation  of  C'haniplain  in  Indian  warfare.  ]<Vom  now  on  he 
turned  his  attention  from  voyages  of  discovery  aid  expeditions  of  exiilorations  to  the  more  difficult 
task  of  making  something  worthy  and  useful  out  of  the  squalid  and  scattered  trading  posts  of  the  north- 
west. His  many  voyages  to  France  were  undertaken  always  with  this  end  in  view.  He  constantly 
pleaded  the  need  of  New  France  for  home-building  colonists,  knowing  full  well  these  rich  valleys  could 
not  be  turned  into  bearing  lands  without  them.  The  food  famines  he  and  his  followers  had  suft'crcd  dur- 
ing the  long  winter  months  were  to  him  at  least  sufficient  evidence  of  the  need  of  an  agricultural  back- 
bone to  the  country.  The  harvest  of  the  autumn  must  be  the  safeguard  of  the  winter.  Many  promises 
were  made  but  nothing  developed  from  them  except  a  \i:w  half-hearted  attempts  to  jironiote  coloniza- 
tion.    France  could  force  the  convict  but  could  not  induce  the  farmer. 

The  raid  by  the  English  ujjon  Quebec  in  1627  and  the  capture  of  Champlain  show  upon  what  a 
weak  basis  France's  claim  to  her  new  world  dominion  rested.  During  the  two  years  of  occupancy  of 
Quebec  bv  the  English,  development  was  at  a  standstill.  The  restoration  to  France  of  Quebec  and  the 
return  of' Champlain  in  1632  started  anew  the  hope  of  brighter  days  to  come.  To  anyone  but  to  Cham- 
plain  the  outlook  for  the  future  would  have  been  gloomy  indeed.  In  addition  to  all  the  obstacles  he 
had  become  accustomed  to  face  year  in  and  year  out  was  added  Indian  troubles  of  the  inost  pernicious  char- 

23 


Champlain's  Explanation  of  the  Accompanying  Picture 
Defeat  of  the  Iroquois  at  Lake  Champlain 

A.  The  fort  of  the  Iroquois.  I!.  The  enemy.  C.  Canoes  of  the  enemy,  made  of  oak  bark,  each 
holding  ten,  fifteen,  or  eighteen  men.  D.  Two  chiefs  who  were  killed.  E.  One  of  the  enemy  wounded 
by  a  musket  shot  of  Sieur  de  Champlain.  F.  Sieur  de  Champlain.  C.  Two  musketeers  of  Sieur  do 
Cham[)lain.  H.  Montagnais,  Ochastaiguins,  and  Algonquins.  I.  Canoes  of  our  allied  sa\ages  made  of 
birch  bark.     K.     The  woods. 

Notice:  The  letters  A,  F,  G  and  K  are  wanting  but  the  objects  to  which  they  point  are  easily  rec- 
ognized. The  letter  H  has  been  placed  on  the  canoes  of  the  allies  instead  of  the  collected  body  of  the 
allies  immediately  above  them. 


acter.  The  Algonquins  lacking  the  support  of  their  I-Vench  allies,  became  yearly  less  able  to  withstand 
the  inroads  of  their  enemies,  and  the  Iroquois,  encouraged  by  their  many  successive  victories  over  them, 
boldly  ventured  up  to  the  very  walls  of  Quebec  itself.  This  Indian  warfare  retarded  development  and  made 
especially  dangerous  trade  with  friendly  tribes.  Champlain's  famous  letter  to  Richelieu  dated  August 
15,  1635,  shows  what  a  serious  problem  the  situation  in  New  France  was.  This  letter,  touching  upon 
every  important  condition,  is  valued  as  the  best  picture  of  the  dilemmas  of  New  France  now  obtainable. 

"Monseigneur :  The  honor  of  the  commands  that  I  have  received  from  your  Eminence  has  inspired 
me  with  greater  courage  to  render  to  you  every  possible  service  with  all  the  fidelity  and  affection  that  can 
be  desired  from  a  faithful  servant.  I  shall  spare  neither  my  blood  nor  my  life  whenever  the  occasion 
shall  demand  them. 

"There  are  subjects  enough  in  these  regions,  if  your  Eminence,  after  considering  the  character  of  the 
country,  shall  desire  to  extend  your  authority  over  them.  This  territory  is  more  than  fifteen  hundred 
leagues  in  length,  lying  between  the  same  parallels  of  latitude  as  our  own  France.  It  is  watered  by  one 
of  the  finest  rivers  in  the  world,  into  which  empty  many  tributaries  more  than  four  hundred  leagues  in 
length,  beautifying  a  country  inhabited  by  a  vast  number  of  tribes.  Some  of  them  are  sedentary  in  their 
mode  of  life,  possessing,  like  the  Muscovites,  towns  and  villages  built  of  wood;  others  are  nomadic, 
hunters  and  fishermen,  all  longing  to  welcome  the  French  and  religious  fathers,  that  they  may  be  in- 
structed in  our  faith. 

"The  excellence  of  this  country  cannot  be  too  highly  estimated  or  praised,  both  as  to  the  richness  of 
the  soil,  the  diversity  of  the  timber,  such  as  we  have  in  France,  the  abundance  of  wild  animals,  game  and 
fish,  which  are  of  extraordinary  magnitude.  All  this  invites  you,  Monseigneur,  and  makes  it  seem  as  if 
God  had  created  you  above  all  your  predecessors  to  do  a  work  here  more  pleasing  to  Him  than  any  that 
has  yet  been  accomplished. 

"For  thirty  years  I  have  frequented  this  country,  and  have  acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  it,  ob- 
tained from  my  own  observation  and  the  information  given  me  by  the  native  inhabitants.  Monseigneur,  I 
pray  you  to  pardon  my  zeal,  if  I  say  that,  after  your  renown  has  spread  throughout  the  East,  you  should 
end  by  compelling  its  recognition  in  the  West. 

"Expelling  the  English  from  Quebec  has  been  a  very  important  beginning,  but,  nevertheless,  since 
the  treaty  of  peace  between  the  two  crowns,  they  have  returned  to  carry  on  trade  and  annoy  us  in  this 
river;  declaring  that  it  was  enjoined  upon  them  to  withdraw,  but  not  to  remain  away,  and  that  they  have 
their  king's  permission  to  come  for  a  period  of  thirty  years.  But,  if  your  Eminence  wills,  you  can  make 
them  feel  the  power  of  your  authority.  This  can,  furthermore,  be  extended  at  your  pleasure  to  him  who 
has  come  here  to  bring  about  a  general  peace  among  these  peoples,  who  are  at  war  with  a  nation  holding 
more  than  four  hundred  leagues  in  subjection,  and  who  prevent  the  free  use  of  the  rivers  and  highways, 
If  this  peace  were  made,  we  should  be  in  complete  and  easy  enjoyment  of  our  possessions.  Once  estab- 
lished in  the  country',  we  could  expel  our  enemies,  both  English  and  Flemings,  forcing  them  to  withdraw  to 
the  coast,  and,  by  depriving  them  of  trade  with  the  Iroquois,  oblige  them  to  abandon  the  country'  en- 
tirely. It  requires  but  one  hundred  and  twenty  men,  light  armed  for  avoiding  arrows,  by  whose  aid,  to- 
gether with  two  or  three  thousand  savage  warriors,  our  allies,  we  should  be,  within  a  year,  absolute 
masters  of  all  these  people,  and,  by  establishing  order  among  them,  promote  religious  worship  and  secure 
an  incredible  amount  of  traffic. 

"The  countrv  is  rich  in  mines  of  copper,  iron,  steel,  brass,  silver  and  other  minerals  which  may  be 
found  here. 

The  cost,  Monseigneur,  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  men,  is  a  trifling  one  to  his  Majesty,  the  enter- 
prise the  most  noble  that  can  be  imagined. 

"All  for  the  glory  of  God.  whom  I  pray  with  my  whole  heart  to  grant  you  ever-increasing  prosperity. 
and  to  make  me,  all  my  life, 

"Monseigneur, 

"Your  most  humble, 

"Your  faithful,  and 

"Most  obedient  servant, 

"CHAMPLAIN" 

The  most  important  of  Champlain's  gifts  to  those  who  follow  after  were  his  discoveries  and  the  bene- 
fits to  be  derived  from  them,  the  founding  of  Quebec  destined  to  be  the  cornerstone  of  western  civiliza- 
tion today,  the  hostility  of  the  Iroquois,  the  result  of  an  unfortunate  but  unavoidable  circumstance,  and 
the  inspiration  the  world  derives  from  the  life  of  a  good  man  laboring  for  a  worthy  cause. 

26 


The  death  of  Champlain  was  the  beginning  of  the  end  of  the  commercial  ownership  of  New  France. 
The  master  mind  was  gone  and  no  one  could  be  found  able  or  resolute  enough  to  link  together  the  dis- 
cords of  the  countn,'  into  a  semblance  of  even  artificial  harmony.  The  wars  of  the  Iroquois  put  a  stop  to 
the  fur  traffic  entirely,  and  at  times  even  seriously  threatened  the  existence  of  the  colonists  themselves. 

In  1643,  a  patched  up  peace  was  made  with  them.  Individually  and  collectively  "the  Hundred  Asso- 
ciates" owners  of  New  France  by  virtue  of  their  charter  were  becoming  very  disgusted  with  their  invest- 
ment. In  their  charter  it  had  been  stipulated  that  they  would  establish  4,000  colonists  in  New  France 
before  1643.  They  had  also  agreed  to  support  each  person  for  three  years,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
time  to  present  each  individual  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  cleared  land  to  provide  for  his  maintenance. 
None  of  these  charter  conditions  had  been  fulfilled.  When  the  money  was  coming  in  the  company  had 
greedily  grasped  it  with  no  thought  for  the  future.  Now  that  their  revenue  was  entirely  cut  off  the  Asso- 
ciates were  unable  to  live  up  to  their  agreements  even  if  they  had  so  desired.  The  monopoly  of  the  fur 
trade  was  to  them  nothing  laut  a  valueless  asset,  honeycombed  with  unpaid  debts.  With  a  view  to  dis- 
pose of  their  colonizing  obligations  they  magnanimously  presented  the  monoply  of  the  new  world  com- 
merce to  the  colonists  of  Quebec,  at  the  same  time  unloading  upon  them  their  obligations  and  unpaid 
bills.  The  company,  reluctant  to  be  deprived  of  all  connection  with  New  France,  retained  their"  seig- 
norial  rights  to  the  country,  and  still  posed  as  the  rulers  of  the  soil.  This  arrangement,  extremely 
unprofitable  except  in  the  matter  of  pride,  ended  in  1663,  when  the  crown  look  over  the  responsibili- 
ties it  should  have  shouldered  the  day  Cartier  returned  from  the  New  World. 

The  year  1663  marks  the  first  real  opportunitv  New  France  had  of  becoming  something  more  than 
plaything  of  courtier  or  conipan}-. 


y     ^yiiWV^-^^/«*•^W'^^ 


French  Embarking 

The  scheme  of  government  instituted  by  the  King  was  under  the  direct  authority  of  the  minister  of 
Marine,  who  in  turn  appointed  two  representative-;,  a  governor-general  and  an  intendant  to  manage  the 
affairs  of  New  France.  The  governor-general  took  charge  of  all  matters  military,  and  the  intendant 
supervised  the  financial  and  judicial  departments.  An  advisory  council  com[)osed  of  the  governor,  intend- 
ant, bishop  and  a  few  others  had  large  powers. 

The  dividing  of  authority  among  so  many  caused  discord  and  dissatisfaction,  faiiada  could  not 
hope  to  thrive  under  this  arrangement,  poor  in  conception  and  disastrous  in  operation.  Colbert  was 
guiding  the  destines  of  France.  He  was  the  colonizing  enthusiast  of  the  age.  He  worked  unceasingly 
to  promote  immigration  to  Canada,  but  at  the  same  time  he  restricted  the  inhabitants  of  New  France 
with  such  unfair  conditions  that  the  colonists  of  the  needed  type  could  see  no  inducement  to  venture 
there.  He  was  better  of?  in  France.  The  population  of  New  France  was  composed  of  adventurers, 
fur-traders,  missionaries,  soldiers  and  rovers  of  even,-  kind,  but  the  farmer,  the  one  most  required,  was 
not  there. 

he  middle  class  was  liis  greatest   need.      In    1()()1    Governor  d'.Avaugour  wrote   as 


Colonization  of 
follows : 

"As  regards  . 
savages  themselves 


the  settlements,  tliey  are  scattered  in  a  still  more  unsocial  fashion  than  are  the 
.     .     less   than   three   thousand  souls  residing  over  an  extent  of  eighty  leagues 
for  a  distance  of  a  league  and  a  half  around  Quebec,  there  is  sufficient  to  support  a  hundred 
thousand  souls." 

27 


In  1666,  the  population  of  Canada  was  only  3,418.  In  I608,  there  were  5,870,  scattered  between 
its  great  boundaries.  These  settlements  were  along  the  better  known  outlets  of  trade  established  years 
before  by  Chainplain  and  his  immediate  successors.  The  vast  interior  of  the  country  claimed  by  France 
was  an  absolute  unknown  and  unexplored  territory. 

The  heralding  to  the  world  of  the  riches  and  resources  of  that  great  stretch  of  country  (belonging 
to  France)  which  lay  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Wabash  was  now  to  be  accomplished  by  La  Salle, 
Joliet,  Marquette  and  other  brave  travelers  and  fearless  priests.  The  explorers  of  this  age  were 
inspired  with  the  same  spirit  of  adventure  which  enticed  Champlain  deeper  and  deeper  into  the  pathless 
wilderness  in  his  efforts  to  solve  the  hidden  mysteries  of  this  wonderful  country. 

None  of  these  men  were  hampered  and  weighed  down  by  the  responsibilities  which  go  with  the 
wielding  of  the  executive  power.  They  were  merely  the  subjects  of  the  king  and  not  the  executors  of 
his  will.  Going  into  lands  hitherto  unknown  to  the  white  man  and  among  people  still  untouched  by  civili- 
zation, they  faced  at  all  times  the  same  dangers  that  ever  surrounded  Cartier  and  Champlain.  Their 
experiences  and  labors  are  directly  vital  to  the  history  of  \'ermilion  County.  It  is  from  their  accounts 
we  derive  the  first  correct  information  concerning  the  primitive  occupants  of  the  present  states  of 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 


An  Indian  Sun  Dane 


Indian  Boat 


Chapter  IV 


THE  venturesome  Frenchmen  of  Canada  were  ever  stretching  out  in  their  endeavor  to  discover  new 
locations.  While  the  French  explorers  searched  for  new  lands  to  claim,  while  the  fur  trader 
acquired  new  outlets  for  trade,  and  while  the  Jesuits  strove  new  souls  toi  save,  Indian  life  in  the 
valley  of  the  Wabash  ran  smoothly  on.  The  Redmen  hunted,  trapyied  and  fought  as  their  ancestors  had 
for  generations  past.  Rumors  concerning  the  white  men  of  the  north  gradually  drifted  in  and  although 
the  tales  were  interesting  they  were  not  considered  of  enough  importance  to  disturb  the  hardy  trend  of 
their  savage  existence.  In  and  about  the  Vermilion  section  of  the  \\'abash  \'alley  the  fierce  and  power- 
ful Miamis  ruled  with  unmolested  sway. 

The  Miamis  were  descended  from  the  Algonquin  family  of  American  Indians. 

The  Algonquins  were  a  numerous  nation  of  North  American  Indians,  once  spread  over  all  the 
northern  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Their  language  was  heard  from  the  Bay  of  Gaspe  to  the  Valley  of  the  Des  Moines,  from  Cai)e  Fear  to 
the  land  of  the  Esquimaux;  from  the  Cumberland  river  of  Kentucky  to  the  western  banks  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. All  the  tribes  of  New  England  were  Algonquins ;  the  tribes  in  Maine,  the  Illinois,  the  Miami 
of  the  Wabash  and  Ohio  Valleys;  the  great  tribe  of  the  Delaware  Indians,  the  Creeks,  in  the  region  of 
Great  .Slave  Lake  and  the  Ottawas,  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  claimed  the  same  origin. 

The  Algonquins  with  the  passage  of  the  ages  broke  up  into  many  families  which  were  subdixided 
into  tribes  warring  constantly  and  ever  struggling  for  ascendency  over  each  other. 

The  histor\'  and  traditions  of  the  Algonquins  were  ])reserved  in  their  Chronicle  of  Songs.  These 
were  recorded  by  picture  drawings  on  bark  or  wood.  The  figures  suggested  to  the  minds  of  those  who 
had  been  taught  the  songs,  the  subjects  and  the  order  of  their  succession.  The  words  did  not  vary,  so 
had  to  be  learned  by  heart,  otherwise,  though  from  an  inspection  of  the  figure  the  idea  might  l>e  com- 
prehended, no  one  would  know  exactly  what  to  sing  unless  the  words  had  been  taught  him. 

All  the  Indian  lore  being  in  the  hands  of  the    Priests   or   Medicine    Men.   the   instruction   of   these 


trad 


iUgh 


t  hem- 


Mi 


0,  and 


songs  was   done   by   them,   but  tin 
selves  in  war  and  on  the  chase. 

Their  knowledge  was  a  reward  for  feats  bravely  done. 

Near  the  end  of  the  "Old  Chronicle"  mention  is  made  ol 

"Nitispayat  was  also  chief,  and  went  to  the  great  lakes. 

And  he  visited  the  Wemiamik    (  Ijea\er-chil(lren.  or  Miamis 
made  them  friends." 

The  Miamis  were  known  as  the  "Twightwees"  by  their  enemies,  the  Iroquois.  The  different  tribes 
of  the  Miami  together  with  their  kindred  dependents  were  consolidated  under  a  form  of  government 
called  the  Miami  Confederacy. 

"The  Miami  Confederacy"  was  composed  of  many  tribes  under  the  same  form  of  administration, 
each  tribe  with  a  particular  chief  or  king,  one  of  which  was  cho.sen  indifferently  from  either  tribe,  to 
rule  the  whole  nation,  and  was  vested  with  greater  authority  than  any  of  the  others.  The  dominion  of 
the  Miami  extended  over  that  i)art  of  Ohio  which  lies  west  of  the  Scioto  Ri\er — over  the  whole  of 
Indiana — over  the  southern  part  of  Michigan — and  over  that  i)art  of  the  state  of  Illinois  which  lies 
southeast  of  the  Fox  River  and  the  River  Illinois. 

29 


the  Wounded 


Tlie  \ast  extent  of  territorv'  ruled  by  them  is  some  evidence  of  the  degree  of  national  importance 
which  they  held  among  the  Indian  tribes  of  North  America. 

Their  form  of  government  gave  them  great  co-operative  power  in  their  wars  and  deliberations. 
There  was  the  lack  of  confusion  and  disorder  generally  found  among  different  Indian  tribes  temporally 
united  for  the  achievement  of  a  determined  result. 

Within  the  boundaries  of  their  territory  respected  and  feared  by  their  neighbors  the  Miami  lived; 
their  food  was  the  flesh  of  the  deers  and  bear,  turkeys,  quail  and  partridge,  the  wild  fruit  of  hill  and 
valley,  the  fish  from  the  rivers,  corn  from  the  fields ;  their  clothing  was  from  the  skins  of  the  buffalo, 
beaver,  mink  and  otter.     Their  great  spirit  had  provided  them  with  plenty. 
The  second  chronicle  of  the  Algonquins  ends  with — 

"Wapachikis  (White-Crab)  was  chief,  and  a  friend  of  the  Shore  People. 
"Nenachipat  was  chief  towards  the  sea. 

"Now  from  north  and  south  came  the  Wapagachik  (White-comers). 
"Professing  to  be  friends,  in  big-birds   (ships).     Who  are  they?" 
The  fur  trader  who  invariably   followed  the  Jesuit  and  explorer  came  to  the  Wabash  Valley.    Most 
of  the  explorers  and  some  of  the  Jesuits  were  also  engaged  in  trading  with  the  Indians,  but  it  was  the 
common  commercial  fur  trader  who  came  most  intimately  in  contact  with  the  Indian. 

He  was  a  great  detriment  to  any  chance  the  missionaries  might  have  in  converting  the  red  men. 

Hennepin  calls  them  a  great  obstacle.  He  says :  "They  think  of  nothing  but  cheating  and  lying  to 
become  rich  in  a  short  time.  They  use  all  manner  of  strategems  to  get  the  furs  of  the  savages  cheap. 
They  make  use  of  lies  and  cheats  to  gain  double  if  they  can.  This,  without  doubt,  causes  an  aversion 
against  religion  which  they  see  accompanied,  by  the  professors  of  it,  with  so  many  lies  and  cheats." 

The  chief  articles  of  commerce  offered  by  the  traders  were  wondrous  to  Indian  minds.  The  steel 
knives  and  sharp  hatchets  were  as  unexpected  by  the  Indians  as  any  miracle  of  the  past  experienced  by 
the  world  in  its  thousands  of  years  of  progress.  The  shiny  kettles,  pots  and  pans  were  as  alluring  to 
these  barbarians  as  would  the  comforts  of  a  multi-millionaire  be  to  the  average  wage-earner  of  today. 
With  the  growth  and  expansion  of  the  fur  trade,  the  flint  weapons  and  stone  vessels  were  discarded  as 
fast  as  the  more  efficient  products  of  Europe  could  be  secured.  With  the  absorption  of  the  benefits  of 
a  more  advanced  civilization,  the  Indian  at  the  same  time  fell  heir  to  the  civilized  course  of  humanity. 
Whisky,  with  its  baleful  influence,  always  enticing,  but  ever  destroving,  took  a  firm  hold  upon  the 
Indian  race.  Its  habit  grew.  Once  started,  there  could  be  no  stop  to  the  rapid  si>rca(l  of  its  e\il  s\\a\-. 
If  the  white  man  liked  it,  then  the  Indian  craved  it. 

It  gradually  softened  their  strength,  drained  their  manhood,  dulled  their  crafty  minds,  and  com- 
pelled them  to  become  in  a  few  generations,  a  hollow  shell  of  their  former  fame. 

It  made  those  tribes  who  fell  under  its  evil  influence  easy  prey  for  foes  who  never  lie  fore  were  able 
to  cause  alarm. 

LaSalle  invited  the  Miami  to  send  representatives  to  Montreal  to  see  the  governor  of  Canada,  who 
at  this  time  was  Count  de  Frontenac.  They  accepted  and  on  August  11,  1682,  the  deputies  of  the  Miami 
were  received  with  much  ceremony  by  the  French  at  Montreal. 

A  most  important  period  of  Vermilion  history  is  the  ten  years  space  between  1()70  and  1()80.  It  is 
the  time  the  Miami  Priests  cease  being  the  exclusive  custodians  of  the  annals  of  their  country's  histor}-. 
Henceforth  the  history  of  the  territory  confined  by  the  Mississippi  and  the  Wabash  Valleys  is  contained 
in  the  great  archives  of  civilization,  no  longer  merely  a  memorized  verbal  record,  but  an  actual  story 
written  upon  the  pages  of  the  world's  history.     The  white  man  came  to  the  Wabash  country.     Who 

30 


among  these  intrepid  explorers  and  undaunted  Jesuit  Priests,  actually  was  first  to  enter  will  never  be 
definitely  settled.     There  is  sufficient  renown  for  all. 

Allouez,  Dablon,  Membre,  Hennepin,  Marquette,  La  Salle,  Joliet  and  Rasle,  divide  equally  the  glor- 
ious credit  of  building  upon  the  foundation  of  civilization  so  firmly  .set  by  Champlain. 

These  men  were  all  French  and  so  it  is  somewhat  natural  that  in  the  wars  to  come  the  Miamis 
should  generally  have  a  friendly  preference  for  them  instead  of  their  English  opponents.  The  Iroquois, 
the  hereditar)^  enemies  of  the  Miamis,  had  early  become  attached  to  the  English.  With  the  coming  of 
these  Frenchmen  came  also  the  doctrine  of  Christ.  The  Miamis  though  were  not  a  fertile  field  for 
missionan,-  endeavor;  they  cared  not  for  Christianity.  Its  outward  forms  interested  them,  but  that  was 
all.  At  this  date  the  principal  towns  of  the  Miamis  were  on  the  great  and  little  Miami  in  Ohio,  on  the 
Miami  of  the  lakes  and  its  tributaries,  on  the  \\'abash  and  Vermilion.  They  then  numbered  three  thou- 
sand families,  with  a  large  arrav  of  fighting  men. 


La  Salle 

The  deputies  of  the  Miamis  had  hardly  returned  to  their  territory  before  war  with  the  Iroquois 
commenced.  The  latter  tribes  were  very  much  incensed  at  the  friendship  displayed  l>y  the  Miamis  for 
the  French,  and  determined  upon  their  subjugation. 

In  1684,  Grangula,  an  Iroquois  chief,  in  a  speech  to  the  French  Cieneral  De  la  I'arre,  defends  the 
conduct  of  his  race  toward  those  Frenchmen  who  insist  on  sujijilying  their  enemies,  the  Tvvightwies 
(Miamis)  with  the  sinews  of  war.    He  says: 

"We  knock  the  Twightwies  and  Chictaghicks  on  the  head,  because  they  had  cut  down  the  trees  of 
peace,  which  were  the  limits  of  our  country'.  They  have  hunted  beaver  on  our  lands.  They  have  acted 
contrary  to  the  customs  of  all  Indians,  for  they  left  none  of  the  beavers  alive,  they  killed  both  male  and 
female.  They  brought  the  Satanas  into  their  country,  to  take  part  with  them,  after  they  had  concerted 
ill  designs  against  us.  We  have  done  less  than  either  tiie  English  or  French,  that  have  usurped  the 
lands  of  so  many  Indian  nations,  and  chased  them  from  their  own  country'.  Tliis  belt  preserves  my 
words." 


The  Iroquois  sent  a  large  force  into  the  Ohio  country,  where  the  two  nations  met  in  conflict  near  the 
western  end  of  Lake  Erie.  The  Miamis  were  defeated,  but  the  Iroquois  lost  so  many  men  that  they  were 
unable  to  follow  up  their  triumph.  A  temporary  peace  followed,  but  deadly  enmity  existed  between  the 
antagonists.  Hostilities  reopened  in  1687,  and  continued  for  six  years  with  varj'ing  fortune,  but  we 
presume  as  the  Miamis  still  held  their  territory,  they  achieved  a  virtual  triumph.  In  1693,  the  governor 
of  New  York  sent  a  large  present  of  goods  to  the  Miamis,  and  invited  them  to  a  council,  in  the  hope  of 
separating  them  from  the  French.  These  presents  were  conveyed  by  the  Mohegans,  but  the  object 
wholly  failed.  Instigated  by  the  English,  the  Iroquois,  in  1696,  again  made  war  upon  the  Miamis,  when 
another  of  those  long  and  desperate  conflicts  occurred,  so  remarkable  in  the  wars  of  the  Five  Nations. 
In  1697,  a  bloody  engagement  took  place  between  the  Senecas  and  Miamis,  which  resulted  in  the  com- 
plete defeat  of  the  Senecas.  For  more  than  three  years  the  Miamis  followed  up  this  triumph  with  a  hatred 
and  animosity  perhaps  unequalled  in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare.    The  Senecas  were  obliged  to  repair 


Antoine  de  la  Cadillac,  Landing  at  Detroit,  1701 

to  their  fortified  towns,  and  with  their  brethren  the  Iroquois,  kept  near  the  eastern  boundaries  of  their 
territory.  The  western  boundary  lines  of  the  Iroquois  reached  to  the  eastern  limits  of  the  Miami  nation. 
The  Senecas  occupied  the  western  part  of  the  Iroquois  dominion.  So  terrible  was  the  vengeance  of  the 
Miamis  that  the  Iroquois  asked  a  council  with  the  English  governor  at  Albany,  and  begged  the  aid  and 
protection  of  him  and  his  people  against  their  depredations.  The  governor  explained  the  impossibility 
of  his  furnishing  troops,  and  advised  the  Iroquois  to  ask  their  enemies  to  a  meeting,  and,  if  possible,  con- 
summate a  speedy  and  honorable  peace.  The  haughty  Iroquois  would  agree  to  no  such  course,  upon  which 
the  Earl  Bellomont  sent  some  trusty  half-breeds  to  the  Miamis,  inviting  them  to  trade  with  the  English, 
but  upon  the  advice  of  M.  de  Cadillac,  commandant  at  Detroit,  the  English  messengers  were  sent  to 
Canada  as  prisoners.  The  -Senecas  suffered  terribly  from  the  incursions  of  their  hostile  neighbors,  and 
long  wished  for  that  peace  which  their  less  afflicted  brethren  prevented.  Finally  (in  1702)  a  council  was 
held  between  the  two  belligerent  powers — peace  was  effected,  and  each  nation  delivered  to  the  other  the 
prisoners  taken  in  battle.  This  termination  of  a  long  and  eventful  struggle  was  joyfully  hailed  by  the  Eng- 
lish, who  felt  that  a  new  avenue  of  trade  was  opened.  In  July,  1702,  a  message  was  sent  from  the  gov- 
ernor of  New  York,  inviting  the  Miamis  to  visit  their  '"English  Fathers"  in  the  east.    Upon  the  acceptance 


of  this,  the  nation  was  di\ided,  wliich  led  to  consideraljle  dithculty.  A  [lorticjn  of  llie  nation  determined 
to  hold  a  council  with  the  English,  upon  which  a  large  ])arty  with  their  families  moved  to  a  point  near 
Detroit,  at  the  northwest  of  Lake  Erie.  The  dissatisfaction  became  so  great  that  a  war  "among  them- 
selves" seemed  unavoidable.  That  portion  favoring  the  English  suddenly  turned  u])on  the  French  and 
drove  M.  de  Jucherau,  an  officer  from  Montreal  with  thirty-four  Canadians,  from  a  settlement  they  had 
formed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash.  The  angry  tone  of  the  French  commandant  at  Detroit,  and  their 
Indian  allies,  prevented  the  English  from  gaining  any  advantage  from  this  discord  among  the  Miamis. 
A  few  representatives  of  the  latter  went  to  Xew  York  and  received  marked  attention,  but  they  declined 
entering  into  a  treaty  at  that  time.  In  1705,  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  sent  M.  de  Vincennes  as  an 
ambassador  to  the  Miamis,  to  effect  a  treaty  of  friendship,  but  his  efforts  proved  univailing.  I'ind- 
ing  it  impossible  to  bring  their  "refractory  children"  to  terms  by  means  of  pacific  measures,  a  resort  to 
arms  was  made.  M.  de  Cadillac  marched  against  the  towns  on  the  Maumee,  Great  Miami  and  Wabash, 
and  soon  perfected  a  i>eace  at  his  own  terms.  The  humbled  tribes  asked  forgiveness  and  protection,  which 
was  given  them.  The  formalities  of  a  peace  were  hardly  concluded  when  a  dejiutation  of  the  Miamis 
proceeded  in  1708,  to  Albany,  where  they  were  welcomed  by  the  English,  and  received  presents  of  great 
value.  Lord  Combury.  in  writing  the  Board  of  Trade,  congratulating  them  upon  this  meeting,  said 
he  had  been  five  years  endeavoring  to  get  the  Miamis  to  trade,  and  he  regarded  it  as  an  event  of  unusual 
importance  that  a  meeting,  favorable  to  his  purpose,  had  been  held.  During  the  four  years  which  fol- 
lowed the  council  at  Albany,  the  English  derived  considerable  benefit  from  trade  with  the  Miamis. 
These  actions  gave  the  French  great  uneasiness,  and  they  were  determined  they  should  cease.  The  gov- 
ernor of  Canada  again  sent  M.  de  \'incennes  as  his  messenger,  offering  peace  or  war;  the  former  on 
terms  of  friendship,  amity  and  good  will,  or  the  latter  with  a  destruction  of  their  warriors  and  i)rincii)al 
towns.  The  Miamis  wisely  determined  against  war.  and  for  several  years  afterward  gave  the  French 
comparatively  little  trouble.  The  disorders  which  had  divided  the  nation  were  almost  wholly  healed,  and 
a  new  era  dawned  u]>on  the  Confederacy.  A  small  tribe  on  the  Wabash,  near  the  Ohio,  alone  refused 
to  become  allies  of  the  French.  These  invited  the  Xew  York  traders  to  come  among  them,  and  it  is  said 
that  as  early  as  1715,  the  English  made  their  way  with  goods  to  the  Wabash.  In  a  memoir  on  the  Indians 
between  Lake  Erie  and  the  Mississippi,  written  in  171S!.  we  find  the  following  reference  to  the  Miamis. 
It  is  probable  the  writer  had  been  posted  bul  as  to  one  of  the  tribes,  or  else  the  figures  iour  iutndred 
should  be  about  four  thousand. 

"The  Miamis  are  sixty  leagues  from  Lake  Erie,  and  number  four  hundred,  all  well-formed  men, 
and  well  tatooed ;  the  women  are  numerous.  They  are  hard  working,  and  raise  a  species  of  maize  unlike 
that  of  our  Indians  at  Detroit ;  it  is  white,  of  the  same  size  as  tlie  other,  the  skin  much  finer,  and  the  meal 
much  whiter.  The  nation  is  clad  in  deerskin,  and  when  a  married  woman  goes  with  another  man,  her 
husband  cuts  off  her  nose  and  does  not  see  her  any  more.  This  is  the  only  nation  that  has  such  a  cus- 
tom. They  love  plays  and  dances,  wherefore  they  have  more  occupation.  The  women  are  well  clothed, 
but  the  men  use  scarcely  any  covering  and  are  tattooed  all  over  the  body."  In  1719,  an  unsuccessful 
attempt  was  made  by  the  French  to  induce  the  Miamis  to  remove  from  the  great  and  little  .Miamis  and 
Wabash  to  the  -St.  Joseph,  near  the  PVench  port.  The  following  year  a  census  of  the  tribes  on  the  Maumee 
and  St.  Joseph  showed  two  thousand  souls.  These  were  heartily  in  the  French  interest^.  "Fifty 
years  agon,"  writes  Charlevoix,  in  1721,  "The  Miamis  were  settled  at  the  south  end  of  Lake  Michigan,  in 
a  place  called  Chicagon,  from  the  name  of  a  small  river  which  runs  into  the  lake,  and  which  has  its 
source  not  far  from  the  river  of  the  Illinois.  They  are  divided  into  three  villages ;  one  on  the  river  St. 
Joseph,  the  second  on  another  river  which  bears  their  name  and  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  and  the  third 
upon  the  Ouabache.  which  run  into  the  Mississi]>pi.  These  last  are  more  known  by  the  name  of 
Ouyatonon." 

In  July,  1723,  a  party  o\  Miamis  who  had  become  dissatisfied  with  the  l->ench  \isited  Xew  \'ork. 
with  an  interpreter,  and  asked  the  English  to  come  to  their  countr)^  with  goods.  They  stated  that  they 
lived  upon  "the  branches  of  the  Mississippi."  The  English  seem  to  have  taken  advantage  of  the  oppor- 
tunity presented,  for  in  1725,  we  find  the  governor  of  Montreal  complaining  that  "the  English  have  built 
two  houses  and  some  stores  on  a  little  river  which  flows  into  the  Ouabache,  where  they  trade  with  the 
Miamis  and  the  Ouyatonons." 

During  the  year  1749,  as  appears  from  a  report  of  .Sir  William  Johnson,  the  Miamis  sent  eleven 
canoes,  eighty-eight  men,  and  seventy-seven  packs  of  skins  to  Oswego,  Xew  York.  These  probably 
came  from  the  tribes  living  on  the  Maumee.  It  was  this  year  that  M.  de  Celeron,  on  behalf  of  the 
French  monarch,  led  an  expedition  into  the  Ohio  countrv',  where  he  visited  many  of  the  Indian  nations, 
among  whom  he  found  several  English  traders,  who  were  ordered  to  quit  the  country. 

The  principal  object  of  Celeron's  expedition  was  to  take  formal  pos.session  of  the  territorv'  in  the 
name  of  his  king,  to  which  end  he  deposited  leaden  plates  at  several  points  along  the  Ohio  and  its  trib- 
utaries. Several  of  the  plates  have  been  recovered.  The  inscription  on  one  of  them  is  as  follows :  "In 
the  year  1749,  during  the  reign  of  Louis  XV,  king  of  France,  W.  E.  Celeron,  commander  of  a  detach- 
ment sent  by  the  Marquis  de  Lagalissoniere,  commander  in  chief  of  Xew  F'rance,  to  restore  tranquil- 
lity in  some  savage  villages  of  these  districts,  have  buried  this  plate  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio  and 
Tch-a-da-koin,  this  29th  day  of  July,  near  the  river  Ohio,  alias  'Beautiful  River.'  (Belle  riviere)  as  a 
monument  of  our  having  retaken  possession  of  the  said  river  Ohio,  and  of  those  that  fall  into  the  same. 


and  of  all  the  lands  on  both  sides  as  far  as  the  sources  of  said  rivers,  as  well  as  those  of  which  the 
preceding  kings  of  France  have  enjoyed  possession,  partly  by  force  of  arms,  partly  by  treaties,  espe- 
cially by  those  of  Riswick,  Utrecht  and  Aix-la-Chapelle." 

From  1725  to  1755,  the  Miamis  were  allies  first  of  the  French,  then  of  the  English,  changing  their 
allegiance  to  which  ever  side  offered  the  most  inducements  in  the  form  of  presents  or  inspired  the 
most  immediate  fear. 

Their  Ohio  homes  becoming  too  close  to  civilization,  tribe  by  tribe  gradually  left  the  banks  of  the 
Miami  and  joined  their  western  brethren  along  the  Wabash  and  Vermilion  and  also  in  the  countr}-  just 
south  of  the  land  of  the  Illinois. 

Drink,  though,  by  this  time  had  taken  complete  hold  of  the  Miami  nation.  In  a  letter  dated  "River 
St.  Joseph,  August  16,  1721,"  Charlevoix  says — "It  was  eight  days  yesterday  since  I  arrived  at  this 
post,  where  we  have  a  mission,  and  where  there  is  a  commandant  with  a  small  garrison.  The  com- 
mandant's home,  which  is  but  a  sorry  one,  is  called  the  fort,  from  its  being  surrounded  with  an  indif- 
ferent pallisado,  which  is  pretty  near  the  case  in  all  the  rest.  We  have  here  two  villages  of  Indians, 
one  of  the  Miamis  and  the  other  of  the  Pottawatomies,  both  of  them  mostly  Christians;  but  as  they 
have  been  for  a  long  time  without  any  pastors,  the  missionary  who  has  lately  been  sent  them  will  have 
no  small  difHculty  in  bringing  them  back  to  the  exercise  of  their  religion. 

"Several  Indians  of  the  two  nations  settled  upon  this  river  are  just  returned  from  the  English 
colonies,  whither  they  had  been  to  sell  their  furs,  and  from  whence  they  have  brought  back  in  return  a 
great  quantity  of  spirituous  liquors.  The  distribution  of  it  is  made  in  the  usual  manner;  that  is  to 
say,  a  certain  number  of  persons  have  daily  delivered  to  each  of  them  a  quantity  sufficient  to  get  drunk 
with,  so  that  the  whole  has  been  drank  up  in  eight  days.  They  began  to  drink  in  both  villages  as  soon 
as  the  sun  was  down,  and  everj'  night  the  fields  echoed  with  the  most  hideous  bowlings.  One  would 
have  thought  that  a  gang  of  devils  had  broke  loose  from  hell,  or  that  the  two  towns  had  been  cutting 
one  another's  throats." 

In  1754,  George  Crogan,  a  British  officer  in  the  Indian  department  visited  some  of  the  Wabash  tribes 
of  the  Miami.     He  writes  : 

"On  the  14th  of  Januar}'  we  set  off  to  Logstown,  where  we  found  the  Indians  all  drunk. 

"January  16  the  Indians  were  all  drunk. 

"From  the  16th  to  the  26th  we  could  do  nothing,  the  Indians  being  all  drunk." 

The  foregoing  account  gives  some  indication  of  the  bitter  rivalry  existing  between  the  French  and 
English,  the  one  sworn  to  hold  the  country  safe  for  the  lillies  of  France,  the  other  determined  to  wrest 
away  the  fruits  of  French  endeavor.  It  was  of  no  consequence  whether  European  France  and  England 
were  at  peace ;  their  colonists  were  not. 

By  fanning  the  flames  of  Indian  warfare.  France  constantly  endeavored  to  keep  the  English  east 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 

So  tense  was  the  situation  that  it  was  not  restricted  only  to  the  colonists  themselves,  their  Indian 
allies  and  the  traders,  but  extended  even  to  the  Priests  of  both  nations. 

The  English  declared  it  would  "be  a  service  unto  the  church  of  great  consequence  to  carry  the  gos- 
pel into  those  parts  of  the  world  and  raise  a  bulwark  against  the  kingdom  of  anti-Christ,  which  the 
Jesuits  labor  to  rear  up  in  all  parts  of  the  world." 

That  the  French  retaliated  in  kind  is  shown  by  the  Rev.  Cotton  Mather,  in  his  Ecclesiastical  his- 
tory of  New  England,  who  says  that  in  the  year  1696,  an  Indian  chief  informed  a  Christian  minister  of 
Boston  that  the  French,  while  instructing  the  Indians  in  the  Christian  religion,  told  them  that  the  Savior 
was  of  the  French  nation ;  "that  they  were  the  English  who  had  murdered  him,  and  that,  whereas  he 
rose  from  the  dead  and  went  up  to  the  heavens,  all  that  would  recommend  themselves  unto  his  favor 
must  revenge  his  quarrel  upon  the  English." 

Thus,  in  North  America,  throughout  a  long  period,  between  the  early  colonists  of  England  and  the 
early  colonists  of  France  there  was  no  friendly  intercourse ;  there  was  no  long  season  of  peace. 

Ever  eager  to  advance  the  interests  of  their  respective  governments,  small  and  weak  branches  of 
Christian  nations,  with  antagonistic  creeds,  hot  animosities,  bitter  rcvilings  and  deadly  w  arfarc,  were 
agitating  and  destroying  one  another. 

Braddock's  defeat  in  1755,  marked  the  start  of  actual  warfare,  known  in  history  as  the  French  and 
Indian  war. 

The  English  having  determined  to  dispossess  the  French  from  the  Ohio  Valley,  sent  General  Edward 
Braddock  with  a  force  of  2.200  men  to  accomplish  the  task.  Taking  1.300  of  the  troops  with  him  and 
leaving  900  to  follow,  they  marched  in  solid  columns  to  their  fate. 


.r 


The  French  forces  under  M.  de  \'eaujeau  and  M.  Dumas  were  only  850  all  told,  250  French  and  600 
Indians.  The  Indians  planned  and  executed  the  surprise  attack,  and  to  them  is  due  the  repulse  of  this 
memorable  undertaking.  The  commanders  of  both  sides  lost  their  lives  as  a  result  of  this  day's  fighting, 
de  N'eaujeau  was  killed  on  the  field  of  battle  and  Braddock  died  four  days  later  from  the  eft'ect  of  a  shot 
in  the  lungs. 

The  greatest  American  in  histor}'  was  in  this  battle.  In  a  letter  dated  July  18,  1755,  just  nine  days 
after  this  needless  slaughter,  Major  George  Washington  writes  his  mother: 

"The  Virginia  troops  showed  a  good  deal  of 
braver}',  and  were  nearly  all  killed ;  for  I  believe, 
out  of  three  companies  that  were  there,  scarcely 
thirty  men  are  left  alive.  Captain  Peyrouny  and 
all  his  officers  down  to  a  corporal  were  killed.  Cap- 
tain Poison  had  nearly  as  hard  a  fate,  for  only  one 
of  his  were  left.  In  short,  the  dastardly  behavior  of 
those  they  call  regulars  exposed  all  others  that  were 
inclined  to  do  their  duty,  to  almost  certain  death, 
and  at  last,  despite  of  all  the  efforts  of  the  officers 
to  the  contrary,  they  ran,  as  sheep  pursued  b_\ 
dogs,  and  it  was  impossible  to  rally  them.  Sir 
Peter  Halket  was  killed  in  the  field,  where  died 
many  other  brave  ofiicers.  I  luckil}'  escaped  with 
out  a  wound,  though  I  had  four  bullets  through 
my  coat,  and  two  horses  shot  under  me." 

Also  among  those  in  this  sorry  rout  was  anotlur 
historical  character — Daniel  Boone. 

Among   the  600   French    Indian   allies   in    thi- 

lUlc    were    many    Pottawatomies    from    the    Lakr 

I  iiiron  district;  we  mention  them  as  they  are  soon 

I  liecome  settlers  of  the  Vermilion.     The   Miami 

iiNik  no  part  in  the  war  during  1755.     Smallpox  had 

A  Water  Carrier  recently  devasted  many  of  their  tribes.     Their  spirit  Canying  Grass  Seed 

was  becoming  yearly  less  warlike  due  to  the  vices 
of  the  white  men  acquired  by  them  and  carried  to  excess.  Their  confederation  was  becoming 
but  a  name.  Their  tribal  ties  no  longer  were  held  together  by  a  chief  supreme.  The  king  of  the 
federacy  no  longer  ruled,  his  was  a  hollow  honor.  They  were  not  the  least  cowardly — when  they  fought 
they  fought  hard,  but  they  were  becoming  somewhat  careful,  more  politic,  less  impetous.  They  tried'  to 
stand  well  with  both  the  English  and  French  at  the  same  time,  living  in  an  age  fraught  with  such  bloody 
battles  and  in  a  countrj-  surrounded  and  overrun  with  the  principals  and  allies  of  both  factions,  this 
was  an  impossibility. 

1756-1757 

Braddock's  defeat  turned  many  a  hitherto  wavering  tribe  to  seek  French  allegiance.  These  were 
sorrowful  years  for  the  English.  The  Indians  of  the  great  valleys  sjjurred  on  by  the  French  waged  mur- 
derous warfare  on  ever)-  isolated  English  settlement. 

Small  bands,  dropping  from  nowhere,  slaughtered  and  scalped,  robbed  and  pillaged  and  then  de- 
parted as  quickly  as  they  had  come. 

The  Miamis  through  these  two  terrible  years  were  the  staunch  allies  of  the  French. 

In  May,  1756,  war  broke  out  between  the  Illinois  and  the  Miamis,  but  did  not  last  long.  Peace  was 
arranged  by  ambassadors  sent  by  the  commandant  at  Detroit.  This  disagreement  between  these  two 
tribes  is  of  especial  importance  as  it  tends  to  show  the  gradual  increase  of  population  of  the  Miamis 
along  the  rivers  and  valleys  just  south  of  the  Lake  Michigan  region  which  was  the  home  of  the  Illinois. 

The  same  year  Sir  William  Johnson  sent  Kindarunte,  a  Seneca  chief,  with  a  belt  of  wamjjum,  and 
a  message  inviting  the  Miamis  to  a  council  at  Oswego.  The  invitation  was  naturally  declined  as  the 
French  were  sweeping  ever>'thing  before  them.  In  1757  a  large  body  of  the  Miamis  were  as  far  east 
as  Fort  William  Henry  and  assisted  the  French  at  the  capture  of  Fort  George. 


ilhing 


1758-59-60 

These  are  the  tragic  years  for  the  French  Dominion  in  America.  England,  having  determined  to 
drive  France  from  the  face  of  the  Xorth  American  continent,  began  preparing.  She  sent  troops  to  Amer- 
ica by  the  thousands,  at  the  same  time  training  her  Colonial  forces  in  America. 

35 


Quebec  in  1760 


The  French  colonists  could  get  no  help  from  home.  Although  France  at  this  date  was  pouring  men 
hy  the  hundred  thousands  into  German)',  she  would  not  or  could  not  spare  even  a  few  thousand  for  the 
defense  of  her  American  possessions.  Making  the  best  defense  possible  against  these  odds — fort  by  fort 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British. 

These  three  eventful  years  were  sad  ones  for  the  Miami.  Disgusted  with  their  French  allies,  they 
promptly  turned  to  the  conquering  Flnglish.  They  took  no  part  in  the  warfare  after  1759,  but  clung 
close  to  their  fields  and  villages  along  the  Wabash,  content  to  hunt  and  drink  while  the  white  man  fought. 

With  the  fall  of  Quebec  on  September  17,  1759,  the  end  was  in  sight.  "It  was  a  mere  question  of  time 
when  her  lingering  defense  could  be  cornered  and  strangled,  and  yet  there  was  danger  in  bringing  her  to 
bay." 

Montreal  alooe  was  left,  and  this  last  stronghold  fell  September  7.  1760.  Thus  all  the  vast  Dominion 
of  France  in  the  new  world  passed  into  the  hands  of  England — not  even  an  inch  remained. 

As  Quizot  plaintively  states:  "Everywhere  in  the  western  regions  of  the  American  continent  the  foot- 
steps of  the  French,  either  travelers  or  missionaries,  preceded  the  boldest  adventurers.  It  is  the  glory 
and  the  misfortune  of  France  always  to  lead  the  van  in  the  march  of  civilization  without  having  the  wit  to 
profit  by  the  discoveries  and  the  sagacious  boldness  of  her  children.  On  the  unknown  roads  which  she  has 
opened  to  the  human  mind  and  to  human  enterprise,  she  has  often  left  the  fruits  to  be  gathered  by 
nations  less  inventive  and  less  able  than  she,  but  more  persevering  and  less  perturbed  by  a  confusion  of 
desires  and  an  incessant  renewal  of  hopes." 


Chapter  V 


War  Dance 


DURING  the  fifteen-year  period  of  England's  undisputed  dominion  in  North  America,  conditions  in 
and  around  the  Great  Lakes  were  to  be  a  case  of  ever  increasing  worr}'  to  her. 
Wherever  French  interests  had  existed  they  soon  found  that  they  were  to  experience  the  hard- 
ships of  warfare  for  many  years  to  come  before  they  would  be  able  to  stamp  out  PVench  influence 
entirely.  Especially  vicious  were  the  ravages  and  attacks  of  the  Indians  during  this  period.  Although 
France  in  her  hour  of  need  had  been  deserted  by  most  of  her  Indian  allies,  nevertheless,  a  few  savage 
spirits  still  remained  faithful. 

The  haughty  and  condescending  attitude  assumed  by  the  British  towards  the  Indians  was  in  vast 
contrast  to  the  sociabilit)'  of  the  French  in  their  treatment  of  them.     In  sullen  silence  and  with  growing 

resentment,  the  Indians  watclied  the 
English  take  titular  possession  of  the 
countr)'. 

Regretfully  they  recalled  the  cor- 
diality of  the  French  and  hated  the 
English  more  than  ever.  Among  the 
Delawares  in  New  Jersey,  an  Indian 
prophet  appeared.  With  savage  ora- 
tory he  preached  and  predicted  "the 
destruction  of  the  English." 

In  a  vision  he  had  beheld  the 
"Great  .Spirit,"  who  bade  him  be 
seated  and  thus  addressed  him : 

"I  am  the  Maker  of  heaven  and 
earth,  the  trees,  lakes,  rivers  and  all 
things  else.  I  am  the  Maker  of  man- 
kind ;  and  because  I  love  you,  you 
must  do  my  w  ill.  The  land  on  which 
you  live  I  have  made  for  you,  and  not 
for  others.  Why  do  you  suffer  the 
white  man  to  dwell  among  you?  My 
children,  you  have  forgotten  the  cus- 
toms and  tradition  of  your  forefathers.  Why  do  you  not  clothe  yourselves  in  skins,  as  they  did,  and  use 
the  bows  and  arrows,  and  the  stone-pointed  lances,  which  they  used?  You  have  bought  guns,  knives, 
kettles  and  blankets  from  the  white  man,  until  you  can  no  longer  do  without  them ;  and  what  is  worse, 
have  drunk  the  poison  fire-water,  which  turns  you  into  fools.  Fling  all  these  things  away ;  live  as  your 
wise  forefathers  lived  before  you.  And  as  for  these  English — these  dogs  dressed  in  red,  who  have  come 
to  rob  you  of  your  hunting  grounds  and  drive  away  the  game — you  must  lift  the  hatchet  against  them. 
Wipe  them  from  the  face  of  the  earth,  and  then  you  will  win  my  favor  back  again,  and  once  more  l>e 
happy  and  prosperous.  The  children  of  your  great  father,  the  King  of  France,  are  not  like  tlie  English. 
Never  forget  that  they  are  your  brethren.  They  are  \ery  dear  to  me,  for  they  lo\e  the  red  men.  and 
understand  the  true  mode  of  worshipping  me." 

The  eft'ect  of  his  eloc|ueiu-e  was  felt  throughout  the  whole  Indian  world.  The  smoldering  fires  of 
hatred  burned  bright.  In  his  distant  hf)me  near  Detroit,  Pontiac  saw  in  the  prophet's  ullerances  his 
opportunity. 

To  quote  Mason.  "The  bugle  call  of  such  a  mighty  leader  as  I'ontiac  roused  the  remotest  tribes. 
P'ven'where  they  joined  the  conspiracy,  and  sent  lofiy  messages  to  Pontiac  of  the  deeds  they  would  per- 
form. The  ordinary  pursuits  of  life  were  given  up.  The  warriors  danced  the  war  dance  for  weeks  at 
a  time.  .Squaws  were  set  to  sharpening  knives,  moulding  bullets  and  mixing  war  paint.  Children  caught 
the  fever,  and  practiced  incessantly  with  bows  and  arrows.  For  the  one  time  in  their  history,  a  hun- 
dred wild  and  restless  tribes  were  animated  by  a  single  insi)iration  and  puri)ose.  That  which  was  incaj)- 
able  of  union,  united.  Conjurors  practiced  their  arts.  Magicians  consulted  their  oracles.  Prophets 
avowed  revelations  from  the  Most  High.  Warriors  withdrew  to  caves  and  fastnesses,  where,  with  fast- 
ing and  self-torture,  they  wrought  themselves  into  more  fearful  excitement  and  mania.  Young  men 
sought  to  raise  their  courage  by  eating  raw  flesh  and  drinking  hot  blood.  Tall  chieftains,  crowned  with 
nodding  plumes,  harrangued  their  followers  nightly,  striking  every  chord  of  revenge,  glory,  avarice, 
])ride,  patriotism  and  love,  which  trembled  in  the  savage  breast. 

"As  the  orator  approached  his  climax  he  would  leap  into  the  air,  brandishing  his  hatchet  as  if  rush- 
ing upon  an  enemy,  yelling  the  war  whoop,  throwing  iiimself  in  a  thousand  i)ostures,  his  eyes  aflame, 
his  muscles  strained  and  knotted,  his  face  a  thunderstorm  of  passion,  as  if  in  the  actual  struggle.  At 
last,  with  a  triumphant  shout  he  brandishes  aloft  the  scalp  of  the  imaginarv'  victim.  His  eloquence  is 
irresistible.  His  audience  is  conxulsed  with  passionate  interest,  and  sways  like  trees  tossed  in  the  tempest. 
At  last,  the  whole  assembly,  fired  with  uncontrollable  frenzy,  rush  together  in  the  ring,  leaping,  stamp- 

37 


ing,  )elling,  brandishing  knives  and  iiatchets  in  the  lirehght,  hacking  and  stabbing  the  air,  until  the  lonely 
midnight  forest  is  transformed  into  a  howling  pandemonium  of  devils,  from  whose  fearful  uproar  the 
startled  animals,  miles  away,  flee  frightened  into  remote  lairs." 


A  grand  preliminary  council  had  been  called   tor 
savage  gathering,  says : 

"On  the  long-expected   mornmg  heralds  passed  1 


April 


1763.      Parkman   in   his   description   of 


His  complexion  was  darker 


Scalp  Dance 
han  is  usual  with  his  race,  and  his  feature 


om  one  group  of  lodges  to  another,  calling  the 

1      warriors  in  loud  voice  to  attend  the 

[  great  council  before  Pontiac.  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  summons  they  came 
issuing  from  their  wigwams — the  tall, 
half-naked  figures  of  the  wild  Ojib- 
ways,  with  quivers  slung  at  their 
backs,  and  light  warclubs  resting  in 
the  hollow  of  their  arms;  Ottawas, 
wrapped  close  in  their  gaudy  blankets; 
^^'yandots,  fluttering  in  their  gings 
garnished  with  bells.  All  were  soon 
seated  in  a  wide  circle  upon  the  grass, 
row  within  row,  a  grave  and  silent  as- 
sembly. Each  savage  countenance 
^ccmed  carved  in  wood,  and  none 
I  (juld  have  detected  the  deep  and  fiery 
passion  hidden  beneath  that  immov- 
able exterior. 

"Then    Pontiac    rose ;    according 

to  tradition,  not  above  middle  height. 

His  muscular  figure  was  cast  in  a  mold 

of    remarkable    symmetry   and    vigor. 

though  by  no  means  regular, 


had  a  bold  and  stern  expression,  while  his  habitual  bearing  was  imperious  and  peremptory,  like  that  of 
a  man  accustomed  to  sweep  away  all  opposition  by  the  force  of  his  imperious  will.  On  occasions  like 
this  he  was  wont  to  appear  as  befitted  his  power  and  character,  and  he  stood  before  the  council  plumed 
and  painted  in  the  full  costumes  of  war. 

"Looking  around  upon  his  wild  auditors  he  began  to  speak,  with  fierce  gesture  and  loud  impassioned 
voice;  and  at  every  pause,  deep  guttural  ejaculations  of  assent  and  approval  responded  to  his  words. 
Said  he,  'It  is  important,  my  brothers,  that  we  should  exterminate  from  our  land  this  nation,  whose  only 
object  is  our  death.  You  must  be  all  sensible,  as  well  as  myself,  that  we  can  no  longer  supply  our  wants 
in  the  way  we  were  accustomed  to  do  with  our  fathers,  the  French.  They  sell  us  their  goods  at  double 
the  price  that  the  French  made  us  pay,  and  yet  their  merchandise  is  good  for  nothing;  for  no  sooner 
have  we  bought  a  blanket  or  other  thing  to  cover  us,  than  it  is  necessarv'  to  procure  others  against  the 
time  of  departure  for  our  wintering  ground.  Neither  will  they  let  us  have  them  on  credit,  as  our 
brothers,  the  French,  used  to  do.  When  I  visit  the  English  chief  and  inform  him  of  the  death  of  our 
comrades,  instead  of  lamenting,  as  our  brothers,  the  French,  used  to  do,  they  make  game  of  us.  If  I 
ask  him  for  anything  for  our  sick,  he  refuses,  and  tells  us  he  does  not  want  us,  from  which  it  is  apparent 
he  seeks  our  death.  We  must,  therefore,  in  return,  destroy  them  without  delay;  there  is  nothing  to 
prevent  us;  there  are  but  few  of  them,  and  we  shall  easily  overcome  them — why  should  we  not  attack 
them?  Are  we  not  men?  Have  I  not  shown  you  the  belts  I  received  from  our  Great  Father,  the  King 
of  France?  He  tells  us  to  strike— why  should  we  not  listen  to  his  words?  What  do  you  fear?  The 
time  has  arrived.  Do  you  fear  that  our  brothers,  the  French,  who  are  among  us,  will  hinder  us?  They 
are  not  acquainted  with  our  designs,  and  if  they  did  know  them,  could  they  prevent  them?  You  know 
as  well  as  myself,  that  when  the  English  came  upon  our  lands,  to  drive  from  them  our  father,  Belles- 
tre,  they  took  from  the  French  all  the  guns  that  they  have,  so  that  they  have  no  guns  to  defend  them- 
selves with.  Therefore,  now  is  the  time;  let  us  strike.  Should  there  be  any  French  to  take  their  part, 
let  us  strike  them  as  we  do  the  English.  I  have  sent  belts  and  speeches  to  our  friends,  the  Chippewas 
of  Saginaw,  and  our  brothers,  the  Ottawas  of  Michillimacinac,  and  to  those  of  the  Riviere  a'la  Tranche 
(Thames  river,)  inviting  them  to  join  us,  and  they  will  not  delay.  In  the  meantime,  let  us  strike.  There 
is  no  longer  any  time  to  lose,  and  when  the  English  shall  be  defeated,  wc  will  stoj)  the  way,  so  that  no 
more  shall  return  upon  our  lands." 

The  decision  of  the  council  was  that  May  7,  1763,  should  be  set  for  the  freeing  of  the  Indian  race. 
Pontiac  soon  banded  together  most  of  the  tribes  of  Miamis,  Ottawas,  Chippewas,  Wyandots,  Pottawa- 
tomies,  Mississagas,  Shawanese.  Ottagamies  and  Winnebagoes.  Ever\-  tribe  and  even,-  "chief  was  pledged 
to  faithfulness  unto  death. 

With  the  secrecy  and  suddenness  which  always  surrounded  the  surprise  attacks  of  the  Indians, 
Pontiac  attacked  the  English  frontiers.    Fifteen  days  from  the  time  the  first  shot  was  fired,  Pontiac  had 


captured  ten  out  of  thirteen  western  garrisons.  The  names  of  the  forts  captured  were:  Le  Boeuf, 
Venago,  Presq'  Isle  on  or  near  Lake  Erie,  La  Bay.  upon  Lake  Michigan;  St.  Joseph's  upon  the  river 
of  that  name;  Miamis,  upon  the  Miami  River;  Ouachtanon,  up  the  Ouabache,  .Sandusky,  upon  Lake 
Junundat;  and  MichiHmakinak,  better  known  as  Mackinaw. 

The  destruction  of  this  last  named  fort  is  typical  of  the  attacks  on  the  other  garrisons  as  regards 
the  crafty,  cruel  cunning  of  the  Indians  in  planning  and  in  execution. 

The  English  force  consisted  of  ninety  men  under  the  command  of  Major  b'.therington  and  his  two 
lieutenants. 

Some  few  tra])pers  and  traders  had  brought  in  reports  of  the  hostile  attitude  of  the  Indians.  These 
accounts  being  considered  exaggerated,  no  attention  was  paid  to  them. 

On  the  4th  of  June,  which  was  the  king's  birthday,  the  Indians  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
fort,  started  a  game  of  ball,  which  is  described  by  Mr.  Henry,  an  eye-witness,  as  follows: 


Ruins  of  Fort  Mackinaw 

"It  is  played  with  a  bat  and  ball,  the  bat  being  about  four  feet  in  length,  curved,  and  terminated  in 
a  sort  of  racket.  Two  posts  are  placed  in  the  ground,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  each  other,  as  a 
mile  or  more.  Each  party  has  its  post,  and  the  game  consists  in  throwing  the  ball  up  to  the  [)ost  of  the 
adversary.  The  ball,  at  the  beginning,  is  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  course,  and  each  party  endeavors 
as  well  to  throw  the  ball  out  of  the  direction  of  its  own  post,  as  into  that  of  he  adversarv''s.  This  farce 
drew  many  off  their  guard,  and  some  of  the  garrison  went  out  to  witness  the  sport. 

The  game  of  baggatiway,  as  from  the  description  above  will  have  been  perceived,  is  necessarily 
attended  with  much  noise  and  violence.  In  the  ardor  of  contest,  the  ball,  as  has  been  suggested,  if  it 
cannot  be  thrown  to  the  goal  desired,  is  struck  in  any  direction  by  which  it  can  be  diverted  from  that 
designed  by  the  adversary'.  At  such  a  moment,  therefore  nothing  could  be  less  liable  to  excite  prema- 
ture alarm,  than  that  the  ball  should  be  tossed  over  the  pickets  of  the  fort,  nor  that,  having  fallen  there, 
it  should  be  followed,  on  the  instant,  by  all  engaged  in  the  game,  as  well  the  one  party  as  the  other,  all 
eager,  all  striving,  all  shouting,  all  in  the  unrestrained  i)ursuit  of  a  rude  athletic  exercise." 

This  scheme  of  theirs  to  obtain  the  bloodless  jjossession  of  the  settlement  worked  to  perfection. 
The  ball  fell  by  accident  within  the  confines  of  the  fort.  Yelling  and  shouting  the  Indians  pursued  it, 
while  the  Englishmen  looked  idly  on.  But  the  ball  was  never  touched  once  the  Indians  were  inside  the 
gates.  Throwing  aside  all  deception,  they  wantonly  murdered  seventy  of  the  soldiers.  The  rest  were 
held  prisoners.     Thus  without  the  loss  of  a  single  Indian  life  Mackinaw  fell. 

The  honor  of  taking  Detroit,  Pontiac  reserved  for  himself.  Probably  because  in  his  craft}  mind 
he  appreciated  the  difficulties  to  be  surmounted  in  this  undertaking.  A  scheme  as  subtle  and  simple 
as  that  executed  at  Mackinaw  failed  of  its  purpose  of  surprise.  Pontiac  had  arranged  for  a  friendly 
council  within  the  fort.  Every  Indian  present  had  a  sawed-off  rifle  hid  underneath  his  blankets,  .^t  an 
appointed  signal  from  Pontiac  they  were  to  spring  up  and  murder  the  officers  and  men  iircsenl  at  the 
council  and  thus  obtain  easy  possession  of  the  fort. 

The  English,  receiving  warning  of  their  intention,  the  plot  failed.  Pontiac  then  beseiged  the  fort 
and  cut  it  off  practically  from  all  intercourse  with  the  civilized  world  for  over  twelve  months.  This  is 
the  only  case  on  record  where  a  well-organized  siege  of  a  civilized  fortification  was  conducted  by  Indians. 

39 


News  that  the  English  were  sending  a  force  of  3,000  men  to  subdue  him  and  his  alUes,  induced  him 
to  sue  for  peace.  This  being  accorded  him,  he  dispersed  his  alhes  and  they  returned  to  their  many 
homes.  The  conspiracy  of  Pontiac  touches  Vermilion  history  directly  as  the  Miamis,  Pottawatoniies 
and  Kickapoos  were  his  allies  and  as  many  of  the  forts  which  his  allies  destroyed  were  in  the  Miami 
country'  and  furthermore  it  was  among  the  Miami  on  the  shores  of  the  Wabash  that  he  secluded  him- 
self after  the  failure  of  his  great  conspiracy.  Although  the  number  of  fighting  men  of  the  Miami  were 
less  than  1,500,  authentic  records  show  that  at  least  1,000  of  them  fought  with  Pontiac. 

It  was  to  make  peace  with  these  Indians  that  George  Crogan  made  his  historical  trip  through 
Vermilion  county  in  1765.  The  diary  kept  by  him  daily  is  one  of  the  best  records  we  have  of  Vermilion 
county  history  at  that  period.  Under  the  date  of  June  18  and  19,  1765,  Crogan  says:  "We  traveled 
through  a  prodigious  large  meadow,  called  the  Pyankeshaws'  hunting  ground.  Here  is  no  wood  to  be 
seen,  and  the  country  appears  like  an  ocean.  The  ground  is  exceedingly  rich  and  partially  overgrown 
with  wild  hemp.     The  land  is  well  watered  and  full  of  buffalo,  deer,  bears  and  all  kinds  of  wild  game." 


•» 


^ 


The  Game  of  Baggatiway  or  La  Crosse 

On  the  20th  and  21st.  he  writes:  "We  passed  through  some  very  large  meadows,  part  of  which 
belonged  to  the  Pyankeshaws  on  the  Vermilion  river.  The  country  and  soil  were  much  the  same  as  that 
we  traveled  over  for  these  three  days  past.  Wild  hemp  grown  here  in  abundance.  The  game  is  ver)- 
plentiful.    At  any  time  in  a  half  hour  we  could  kill  as  much  as  we  wanted." 

At  the  time  he  made  these  entries  in  his  diary,  he  was  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  Kickapoos, 
who  on  the  8th  of  June  had  killed  five  of  their  party  and  wounded  Crogan  himself.  He  was  escorted 
to  Vincennes  where  Crogan  says  he  found :  "Vincennes  a  village  of  eighty  or  ninety  French  families, 
settled  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  being  one  of  the  finest  situations  that  can  be  found.  The  French 
inhabitants  hereabouts  are  an  idle,  lazy  people,  a  parcel  of  renegadoes  from  Canada,  and  are  much  worse 
than  the  Indians.  They  took  secret  pleasure  at  our  misfortune,  and  the  moment  we  arrived  they  came 
to  the  Indians,  exchanging  trifles  for  their  valuable  plunder.  Here  is  likewise  an  Indian  village  of 
Pyankeshaws,  who  were  much  displeased  with  the  party  that  took  me,  telling  them  that  ours  and  your 
chiefs  are  gone  to  make  peace,  and  you  have  begun  war.  for  which  our  women  and  children  will  have 
reason  to  cry.  Port  Vincent  is  a  place  of  great  consequence  for  trade,  being  a  fine  hunting  countr}'  all 
along  the  Wabash." 

.  From  Vincennes,  he  was  conducted  to  Ouiatonon  where  the  Weas  were  ver>'  much  "concerned  at 
what  had  happened."  "They  charged  the  Kickapoos  and  Mascoutins  to  take  the  greatest  care  of  him, 
and  the  Indians  and  white  men  captured  with  him,  until  their  chiefs  .should  arrive  from  Fort  Chartres, 
whither  they  had  gone,  some  time  before,  to  meet  him,  and  who  were  necessarily  ignorant  of  his  being 
captured  on  his  way  to  the  same  place."  Here,  between  the  4th  and  the  8th  of  July,  Crogan  held  council 
with  the  Weas,  Pyankeshaws,  Kickapoos  and  Muscoutins.  His  diary  says :  "I  was  lucky  enough  to 
reconcile  those  nations  to  His  Majesty's  interests,  and  obtained  their  consent  to  take  possession  of  the 
posts  in  their  country  which  the  French  formerly  possessed,  and  they  offered  their  ser\'ices  should  any 
nation  oppose  our  taking  such  possession,  all  of  which  they  confirmed  by  four  large  pipes." 


Learning  that  Crogan  was  at  Ouiatonon,  the  Miamis  joined  the  council  and  renewed  their  ancient 
friendship  with  His  Majesty. 

Within  a  few  days,  Pontiac  himself  joined  Crogan  in  council.  In  his  official  report,  Crogan  says: 
"Pontiac  and  the  Illinois  deputies  agreed  to  everything  which  the  other  tribes  had  conceded  in  the  pre- 
vious conferences  at  Ouiatonon,  all  of  which  was  ratified  with  a  solemn  formality  of  pipes  and  belts." 

Although  later  on  in  the  year  another  great  Indian  conference  was  held  at  Detroit,  nevertheless,  it 
was  here  at  Ouiatonon  that  the  Indians  with  all  hojie  gone  of  an  Indian  empire  formerly  conceded  the 
northwest  territory  to  Great  Britain. 

There  was  no  more  concerted  action  on  the  part  of  the  Indians  to  rebel  against  the  power  of  Great 
Britain.  The  remaining  years  of  England's  tenure  of  the  northwest  were  undisturbed  by  any  organized 
action  on  the  part  of  the  Indian  races. 

A  period  of  quiet  existed  throughout  the  northwest  broken  only  s])asmodically  by  the  individual 
actions  of  small  marauding  bands.  But  in  the  short  space  of  ten  3ears.  the  Indians  were  to  have  their 
savage  spirit  and  their  love  for  war  inflamed  again  \>y  the  spectacle  of  two  white  races  fighting  for 
possession  of  their  ancient  hunting-grounds. 


Chapter  VI 


T 


An  Indian  Maple  Sugar  Camp 


HE  Vermilion  valley  was  now 

he  property  of  the  English,  but 

the  most  advanced  line  of  civili- 

/  ition  was  yet  far  away.   The  Miamis 

h  1(1  new  rulers  but  as  yet  few  neigh- 

iirs      These,    though,    were    soon    to 

ime 

The  Miami  nation,  or  confederacy, 
l^  composed  of   four  tribes,  whose 
tdl    aumber   of    warriors    was   esti- 
ni  ittd  at  one  thousand  and  fifty  men. 
( )t  this  number  there  were  two  bun- 
dled and  fifty  Twightwees,  three  hun- 
dred Schockeys.  The  principal  villages 
(it   the  Twightwees  were  situated  on 
tlie  headwaters  of  the  Maumee  river, 
il  or  near  the  site  of  the  town  of  Ft. 
i\ne.   The  larger  Wea  villages  were 
und  near  the  banks  of  the  Wabash, 
11  the  vicinity  of  Ouiatenon,  and  the 
.^chockeys  and  Piankeshaws  lived  on 
the  banks  of  the  Vermilion  river,  and 
on    the    river   Wabash   between    Vin- 
cennes  and  Ouiatenon.    At  different  periods  branches  of  Pottawatomies,  Shawnees,  Delawares  and  Kick- 
apoos  were  permitted  to  enter  and  reside  at  various  places  within  the  boundary  of  the  large  territor}- 
which  was  claimed  by  the  Miamis." 

Among  the  Miamis  disintegration  had  set  in. 

It  had  become  a  case  of  every  tribe  for  themselves,  even  their  tribal  units  swiftly  broke  up  into  dis- 
organized bands.  They  had  lost  their  power  as  a  race  and  controlled  no  longer  the  destinies  of  their  ancient 
boundaries. 

The  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  had  long  envied  the  homes  and  hunting  grounds  of  the  Miami. 
As  the  power  and  prestige  of  the  Miami  weakened,  the  aggressions  and  enroachment 
nations  took  the  menacing  form  of  usurpation. 

Their  hunting  trips,  first  occasional,  shortly  becoming  frequent,  now  terminated 
pation  of  the  territory.     They  soon  had   settled  themselves   comfortably  along 
chosen  streams  and  among  fertile  valleys. 

The  Miamis  were  too  weak  to  prevent;  they  could  only  resent  and  complain. 
After  dominating  the  situation  the  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  demanded  that 
the  Miamis  should  live  west  and  south  of  the  Wabash  river.  The  Miamis  being 
no  longer  the  inhabitants  of  Vermilion  county,  it  is  the  history  of  Kickapoos  and 
Pottawatomies  that  interests  us  now. 

Jointly  they  continued  the  barbaric  masters  of  \"ermilion  county  until   sup- 
pressed by  the  white  settlers  some  sixty  years  later. 
Both  races  were  of  Algonquin  origin. 

In  1640,  the  Jesuits  first  found  the  Pottawatomies  beyond  the  St.  Lawrence 
river  and  north  of  the  Great  Lakes  of  the  Huron.  By  1671,  the  Pottawatomies  had 
settled  upon  the  islands  in  the  straights  of  Mackinaw,  and  had  spread  themsehcs 
over  parts  of  AMsconsin  and  Michigan.  Gradually  migrating,  they  left  the  ]ienin- 
sula  between  Lake  Huron  and  Michigan.  By  1711,  they  had  advanced  as  far  as 
the  site  of  the  present  city  of  Niles,  Michigan.  Still  moving  southward  they  began 
to  mingle  among  the  tribes  of  Illinois  and  Indiana  as  far  east  as  the  Wabash  river. 
.As  compared  with  the  other  tribes  of  Algonquin  origin  they  were  extremely 
rough  and  barbarous  in  their  manners  and  customs.  They  were  a  "warlike  peoi)le. 
hunters  and  fishers."   Their  speech  was  harsh  and  guttural. 

The  following  interesting  descriinion  of  their  village  adjacent  to  Detroit 
was  written  in  1718: 

"The  fort  of  Detroit  is  south  of  the  river.  The  village  of  the  Pottawatomies 
adjoins  the  fort;  they  lodge  partly  under  apaquois,  which  are  made  of  mat-grass. 
The  women  do  all  the  work.  The  men  belonging  to  that  nation  are  well  clothed, 
like  our  domiciliated  Indians  at  Montreal.   Their  entire  occupation  is  hunting  and 

42 


these  northern 


the  actual 


,.->^ 


Indian  Athlete 


^fV- 


Gathering  Wild  Rice 


dress;  they  make  use  of  a  great  deal 
of  vermilion,  and  in  winter  wear  buf- 
falo robes  richly  painted,  and  in  sum- 
mer either  blue  or  red  cloth.  They 
play  a  good  deal  at  la  crosse  in  sum- 
mer, twenty  or  more  on  each  side. 
Their  bat  is  a  sort  of  little  racket,  and 
the  ball  with  which  they  play  is  made 
of  very  heavy  wood,  somewhat  larger 
than  the  balls  used  at  tennis.  When 
playing  they  are  entirely  naked,  except 
a  breech  cloth  and  moccasins  on  their 
feet.  Their  body  is  completely  painted 
with  all  sorts  of  colors.  Some,  with 
w  hite  clay,  trace  lace  on  their  bodies, 
as  if  on  all  the  seams  of  a  coat,  and 
at  a  distance  it  would  be  apt  to  be 
laken  for  silver  lace.  They  play  very 
leep  and  often.  The  bets  sometimes 
ainount  to  more  than  eight  hundred 
livres.  They  set  up  two  poles,  and 
commence  the  game  from  the  center; 
one  party  propels  the  ball  from  one 
side  and  the  others  from  the  opposite, 
and  whichever  reaches  the  goal  wins.  This  is  fine  recreation  and  worth  seeing.  They  often  play  village 
against  village,  the  Poux  against  the  Ottawas  or  Hurons,  and  lay  heavy  stakes. 
Sometimes  Frenchmen  join  in  the  game  with  them.  The  women  cultivate  Indian 
corn,  beans,  peas,  squashes  and  melons,  which  come  up  very  fine.  The  women 
and  girls  dance  at  night;  adorn  themselves  considerably,  grease  their  hair,  put 
on  a  white  shirt,  paint  their  cheeks  with  vermilion,  and  wear  whatever  wampum 
they  possess,  and  are  very  tidy  in  their  way.  They  dance  to  the  sound  of  the 
drum  and  sisiquoi,  which  is  a  sort  of  gourd  containing  some  grains  of  shot. 
Four  or  five  young  men  sing  and  beat  time  with  the  drum  and  sisicjuoi,  and  the 
women  keep  time  and  do  not  lose  a  step.  It  is  ven,-  entertaining,  and  lasts 
almost  the  entire  night.  The  old  men  often  dance  the  Medicine.  They  resem- 
ble a  set  of  demons ;  and  all  this  takes  place  during  the  night.  The  young  men 
often  dance  in  a  circle  and  strike  posts.  It  is  then  they  recount  their  achieve- 
ments and  dance,  at  the  same  time,  the  war  dance ;  and  whenever  they  act  thus 
they  are  highly  ornamented.  It  is  altogether  ven,'  curious.  They  often  perform 
these  things  for  tobacco.  W'hen  they  go  hunting,  which  is  every  fall,  they 
carry  their  apaquois  with  them  to  hut  under  at  night.  Ever^'body  follows, 
men,  women  and  children.  They  winter  in  the  forest  and  return  in  the  spring." 
The  Pottawatomies,  unlike  the  Miamis,  were  not  divided  into  separate 
tribes  with  the  chiefs  of  everj'  tribe  owing  allegiance  to  the  chosen  Head  of  their 
Confederacy.  They  were  one  large  family,  and  the  bands  breaking  away  in 
search  of  better  hunting  grounds  or  more  fertile  fields  would  return  later.  They 
were  divided  into  four  clans,  the  Golden  Carp,  the  Frog,  the  Crab  and  the  Tor- 
toise. Their  main  reason  for  settling  along  the  Wabash  and  \'ermilion  was 
that  they  were  "tired  of  eating  fish  and  wanted  meat." 

By  the  other  Indian  races  the  Pottawatomies  were  considered  "squatters." 
Never  owning  any  land  of  their  own  they  always  imprudently  intruded  them- 
selves upon  the  hunting  grounds  of  others. 

They  crowded  the  Miami  from  their  hunting  grounds  not  so  much  by  tin 
weight  of  their  great  numbers.  Occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  Miami  tcrrit 
villages. 

As  subsequent  histoiy  shows,  once  they  occuiiied  territorv'  they  were  extremely  adverse 
fully  leaving  it  and  if  they  did  they  always  demanded  an  exorbitant  [iricc  for  any  concession. 
The  Pottawatomies  were  at  all  times  the  staunch  allies  of  France. 
One  of  the  most  loyal  feats  in  the  annals  of  Indian   warfare   was  the  assistance   they 
when  Detroit  was  besieged  by  the  Foxes,  Kickapoos  and  Masquitans  in  1712. 

Mak-is-abie,  the  great  war  chief  of  the  Pottawatomies,  led  an  army  of  over  600  Indians  to  relieve 
the  garrison.  On  his  arrival  he  greeted  the  French  commander,  M.  du  Buisson,  with  "My  father,  I 
speak  to  you  on  the  part  of  all  nations,  your  children  who  are  before  you.  What  you  did  last  year  in 
drawing  their  flesh  from  the  fire,  which  the  Outagamies  (Foxes)  were  about  to  roast  and  eat,  demands 
we  should  bring  you  our  bodies  to  make  you  the  master  of  them.  W'e  do  not  fear  death  whenever  it  is  neces- 
sary to  die  for  you.  We  have  only  to  request  that  you  pray  the  father  of  all  nations  to  have  pity  on  our 

43 


La  Crosse  Player 


L'  force  of  arms 
orv  thev  cstabli' 


ga\ 


as  b}-  the 
lied  many 


peace- 


women  and  children,  in  case  we  lose  our  lives  for  you.  We  beg  you  throw  a  blade  of  grass  u]jon  our 
bones  to  protect  them  from  the  flies.  You  see,  my  father,  that  we  have  left  our  villages,  our  women  and 
children  to  hasten  to  join  you.  Have  pity  on  us;  give  us  something  to  eat  and  a  little  tobacco  to  smoke. 
^\'e  have  come  a  long  ways  and  are  destitute  of  everything.    Give  us  powder  and  balls  to  fight  with  you." 

Mak-is-abie  sent  this  savage  challenge  to  the  enemy : 

"Wicked  nations  that  you  are,  you  hope  to  frighten  us  by  all  the  red  color  which  you  exhibit  in 
your  village.  Leam  that  if  the  earth  is  co\ered  with  blood,  it  will  be  yours.  You  talk  to  us  of  the  English ; 
they  are  the  cause  of  your  destruction,  because  you  have  listened  to  their  bad  council.  .  .  The  English 
who  are  cowards,  only  defend  themselves  by  killing  men  by  that  wicked  strong  drink,  which  has  caused  so 
many  to  die  after  drinking  it.   Thus  we  shall  see  wdiat  will  happen  to  you  for  listening  to  them." 

What  happened  was  that  they  suffered  the  most  slaughtering  defeat  ever  before  or  after  administered 
to  them.  Instead  of  being  the  besiegers  they  in  turn  were  attacked,  routed  and  comered  upon  the  small 
island  near  Lake  .St.  Claire. 

Their  condition  was  hopeless.  Without  food  many  were  dying  daily  from  starvation.  It  being  a  case 
of  sure  death  by  starvation,  they  surrendered  unconditionally.  Their  treatment  was  summed  up  in  a  few 
w^ords  by  M.  du  Buisson  in  his  report  to  his  government: 

"At  the  end  of  the  fourth  day,  after  fighting  with  much  courage,  and  not  being  able  to  resist  further, 
the  Mascoutins  surrendered  at  discretion  to  our  people,  who  gave  them  no  quarter.  Our  Indians  lost 
sixty  men.  killed  and  wounded.  The  enemy  lost  a  thousand  souls — men,  women  and  children.  All  our 
allies  returned  to  our  fort  with  their  slaves  (meaning  their  captives),  and  their  amusement  was  to  shoot 
four  or  five  of  them  every  day.    The  Hurons  did  not  spare  a  single  one  of  theirs." 

It  was  with  sincere  regret  that  the  Pottawatomies  watched  disaster  after  disaster  befall  the  arms 
of  France.  They  retarded  as  much  as  possible  the  early  attempts  of  the  English  to  dominate  the  north- 
west. 

The  Kickapoos  were  also  a  hardy  race  from  the  north,  toughened  by  the  severe  winters  and  invigor- 
ating climate  of  the  Great  Lakes  region.  They  were  cruel  and  relentless  rather  than  warlike  and  cour- 
ageous.   Their  most  laudable  characteristic  was  their  wonderful  energ}'. 


Indian  Women  Protecting  Their  Corn  FieM- 

They  had  no  form  of  organization,  every  tribe  was  a  separate  unit  and  acted  independent  of  every 
other  Kickapoo  tribe.  They  were  bands  rather  than  tribes.  Whenever  they  did  join  other  Indian  races 
in  war,  they  generally  were  an  unimportant  part  of  their  allies'  forces,  and  whenever  tliey  waged  war  it 
was  invariably  against  a  weaker  foe, 

Many  an  isolated  home  was  wrecked  by  their  bloodthirsty  Ijands,  but  never  did  any  antagonist  of 
equal  strength  suffer  defeat  at  their  hands. 

They  first  write  themselves  definitely  upon  the  pages  of  history  with  the  murder  of  Father  Ri- 
bourde.  Parkman  relates  how  he  "breviary  in  hand  had  strolled  across  the  sunny  meadows  for  an  hour  of 
meditation  among  the  neighboring  groves.  In  truth,  a  band  of  Kickapoos  had  met  and  wantonly  mur- 
dered the  inoffensive  old  man.  They  carried  his  scalp  to  their  village,  and  danced  around  it  in  triumph, 
])retending  to  have  taken  it  from  an  enemy.  Thus,  in  his  sixty-fifth  year,  the  only  heir  of  a  wealthy 
Burgundian  house  ])erished  under  the  war  clubs  of  the  saxages  for  whose  salvation  he  had  renounced 
station,  ease  and  aftluence." 

There  has  always  been  much  controversy  as  to  what  was  the  exact  relationship  l)etvveen  the  Kicka- 
poos and  Mascoutins.  Were  they  the  same  people  only  called  by  different  names?  Or  were  they  brother 
liands  sprung  from  a  more  ancient  source?  It  is  the  writer's  opinion  that  the  Mascoutins  were  bands  of 
the  Kickapoo  race  just  as  the  Piankeshaws  were  tribal  members  of  the  Miami  race,  who  were  frequently 
and  correctlv  called  Miamies. 


n  llic  banic  villages, 
there  was  no  differ- 


Cleaning  Grass  Seed 


The  Alascoulins  and  Kickapoob  were  <.)ften  lV).ind  luj^ether  li\  in;;  side  by  ; 
They  had  the  same  customs  and  manners  and  their  speech  was  \er\-  similar.  In 
ence  hetw  een  them  except  in  name. 

The  Kickapoos  had  little  love  lor  the  white  man.  The)-  sided  neither  with  I'rench  nor  English  during 
the  long  period  of  European  rivalry. 

This  abhorrence  of  the  Europeans  was  a  large  factor  in  their  retaining  their  primeval  fierceness. 
Their  native  barbaric  temperament  yielded  little  to  the  vices  and  temptations  of  the  white  man  which 
worked  the  downfall  of  most  Indian  nations. 

Their  morals  were  exceptionally  clean.  The  Kickapoo  was  a  cruel,  crafty  foe.  but  an  ideal  example 
of  sa\age  manhood. 

Champlain.  in  the  year  1612,    found  "Mascoutins  residing  near  the  place  called  .Sikinaw,"  which  was 
the  name  gi\en  the  country  in  and  about  the  present  city  of  Saginaw,  Michigan.  In  1()70  Father  Claude 
Allouez  visited  a  village  near  Green   I'.ay  composed  of  Kickapoos,  Mascoutins  and  Miamis.    The  name 
of  the  town  was  Machkoutench,  and  here  Marc|uette  found  the  same  races  some  years  later.   Moving  south- 
ward  the   Kickapoos  and   Mascoutins  settled   in  and 
.iiound   the  southern   portion   oi  Wisconsin   and   the 
northern   section   of   Illinois.     Father  Charlevois,   de- 
scribing the  Fox  river  country,  says:    "All  this  coun- 
ii\    1^  extremely  beautiful,  and  that  wdnich   stretches 
1(1  the  southward  as  far  as  the  river  of  the  Illinois  is 
still  more  so.    It  is,  however,  inhabited  by  two  small 
I  ations   onlv.   who   are   the   Kickapoos  and  the    Mas- 
<  (lutms  " 

In  1712  a  b'rench  map  shows  a  Mascoutin  village 
1  Rated  near  the  forks  of  the  Chicago  river.  This  was 
I  he  year  of  their  disastrous  attack  on  Detroit.  The 
Kickapoos  had  planned  to  assist  the  Mascoutins  in 
r  eir  attack  on  Detroit,  but  owing  to  their  delay  in 
mtiiaring  were  not  present  at  the  battle. 

The  scars  of  the  old  warfare  liaxing  healed   they 

are  now  on  friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawatomies  and 

the   tribes   of   both   nations    are    sharing   the    hunting 

grounds  of  the  Vermilion  Valley. 

It  is  hard  for  the  present  residents  of  the  state  of  Illinois  to  have  any  conception  of  the  abundance 

of  game  which  were  confined  within  the  boundaries  of  her  territory  when  the  Indians  had  possession  of 

the  soil.     It  is  especially  difficult  to  believe  that  the  buffalo  roamed  at  will  over  the  entire  state,  but  this 

w^as  so. 

A  letter  of  Father  Marest.  written  in  1712,  describing  the  country  adjacent  to  the  Illinois  I\i\er,  says: 

"The  plains  and  prairies  are  all  ctnered  with  bufl"aloes,  roebucks,  hinds,  stags  and  difl'erent  kind  of 

fallow  deer.     The  feathered  game  is  also  here  in  the  greatest  abundance.     We  tind.  particularly,  (|uanti- 

ties  of  swan,  geese  and  ducks.    The  wild  oats,  which  grow  naturally  on  the  ]ilains,  fatten  them  to  such 

a  degree  that  they  often  die  from  being  smothered  in  their  own  grease." 

Another  missionary.  Father  Rasles,  dated  October  11,  1723,  writes: 

"Of  all  the  nations  of  Canada,  there  are  none  who  live  in  so  gre,-it  abundance  of  e\er)thing  as  the 
Illinois.  Their  rivers  are  covered  with  swans,  ducks  and  teals.  One  can  scarcely  travel  a  league  with- 
out finding  a  prodigious  multitude  of  turkeys,  wlio  keep  together  in  flocks,  often  to  the  number  of  two 
hundred.  They  are  much  larger  than  those  we  see  in  France.  I  had  the  curiosity  to  weigh  one,  wdiich 
I  found  to  be  thirty-six  pounds.  They  have  hanging  from  the  neck  a  kind  of  tuft  of  hair  half  a  foot  in 
length. 

"Hears  and  stags  are  found  tluTe  in  \ery  gre;it  nnnibers,  and  bufl aloes  and  roebucks  are  also  seen 
in  \ast  herds.  Not  a  )'ear  passes  but  the\-  kill  more  than  a  thousand  roebucks  and  more  than  two  thou- 
sand buft'aloes.  From  four  to  five  thousand  of  the  latter  can  often  be  seen  at  one  view  grazing  on  the 
prairies.  They  have  a  humji  on  the  back  and  an  exceedingly  large  head.  The  hair,  excei)t  that  on  the 
head,  is  curled  and  soft  as  wool.  The  flesh  has  naturally  a  salt  taste,  and  is  so  light  that,  although  eaten 
raw,  it  does  not  cause  the  least  indigestion.  When  they  have  killed  a  liufTalo,  which  api)ears  to.  them 
too  lean,  they  content  themselves  with  taking  the  tongue,  and  going  in  search  of  each  which  is  fatter." 
In  the  journal  of  Charlevoix,  we  find  the  following  entry  regarding  the  country  in  and  about  the 
junction  of  the  Fox  and  Illinois  Rivers: 

"Nothing  is  to  be  seen  in  this  course,  but  immense  i)rairies.  intersjiersed  with  small  groves  which 
seem  to  have  been  planted  by  the  hands  of  men.  The  grass  is  so  \ery  high  that  a  man  would  be  almost 
lost  in  it,  and  through  which  ]iaths  are  to  be  found  everj'vvhere,  as  well  trodden  as  they  could  have  been 
in  the  most  pojiulated  countries,  although  nothing  passes  over  them  but  buffaloes,  and  from  time  to 
time  a  herd  of  deer  or  a  few  roebucks." 

With  game  so  iilentiful  it  is  little  wonder  that  the  Kickajioo  and  I'ottawatornies  desired  to  possess 
the  lands  of  the  Miami. 

45 


George  Rogers  Clark 


Chapter  VII 

THAT  English  blood  was  dominant  in  North  America  was  due  not  to  King  George  or  his  royal 
predecessors,  but  to  the  hardy  home-loving  men  and  women  who  had  wrested  their  empire  first 
from  the  wilderness,  then  from  the  Indians  and  lately  from  foreign  foe. 

During  the  centur}'  and  a  half  of  their  existence  they  had  loyally  obeyed  every  command  of  their 
king,  but  now  every  fresh  request  from  London  seemed  an  additional  insult.  They  began  to  consider 
that  they  were  being  treated  not  as  a  brotherly  nation,  but  as  a  conquered  and  subjected  people  unable 
to  complain^     The  mutterings  and  murmurings  of  discontent  spread  throughout  the  colonies. 

Many  were  the  causes  of  the  Revolution.  Most  distasteful  to  the  colonies  were  the  burdensome 
taxes  imposed  upon  them  to  pay  for  the  expenses  incurred  by  the  recent  French  and  Indian  War. 

The  assistance  rendered  England  by  the  fearless  frontiersmen  of  America  entitled  them  to  more 
consideration  at  the  hands  of  George  III.  The  English  people  as  a  nation  should  not  be  considered 
responsible  for  the  treatment  accorded  the  American  colonies  as  is  proven  by  the  historical  eloquence 
of  many  famous  Englishmen  pleading  in  their  behalf. 

Pitt,  Burke  and  Fox,  appreciating  the  justness  of  the  colonies'  grievances,  championed  their  cause. 
These  far-sighted  men  opposed  the  policy  of  the  king  and  denounced  his  controlled  parliament  as  caus- 
ing conditions  which  would  never  have  had  occasion  to  exist  if  their  advice  had  been  followed. 

George  III,  ill  advised  and  stubborn,  let  English  Dominion  in  America  drift  to  its  fate. 

The  French  and  Indian  War  had  taught  the  American  colonists  how  to  fight  and  had  created  among 
them  a  feeling  of  confidence  and  self-reliance.  The  indifiference  and  contemptous  attention  given  their 
many  and  well-founded  complaints  brought  affairs  to  a  crisis.  "Give  us  liberty  or  give  us  death,"  cried 
Patrick  Henry.     His  was  the  sentiment  of  the  countr)'. 

\Mth  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill  a  new  nation  was  born. 

The  great  battles  of  the  Revolution  were  fought  and  won  in  the  south  and  east,  but  it  was  again  on 
the  great  western  battlefields  of  the  Mississippi  and  \\''abash  Basin  that  the  most  spectacular  conflict  took 
place.  George  Rogers  Clark  with  the  loss  of  only  one  man  wounded  took  all  the  territorj'  from  England 
that  France  had  lost  to  England  fifteen  years  before.  It  took  years  to  drive  out  the  French,  but  it  took 
Clark  only  a  few  months  to  defeat  the  English. 

This  great  exploit  settled  for  all  time  the  ownership  of  the  Vermilion  Valley. 

Clark,  an  ardent  patriot,  was  imbued  with  the  conviction  that  the  same  necessity  that  had  decided 
England  to  obtain  the  west  from  France  now  compelled  the  colonies  to  wrest  the  west  from  England. 
He  was  a  schemer  and  a  dreamer,  but  possessed  all  the  adventurous  and  fearless  qualities  of  the  fron- 
tiersmen of  those  times.  Laying  his  plans  before  Patrick  Henrj^  Governor  of  Virginia,  he  persuaded 
him  of  their  feasibility.  He  received  his  orders  to  raise  a  force  of  350  men  and  attack  the  British  Post 
of  Kaskaskia  near  the  Mississippi.  His  orders  were  dated  January  2,  but  it  was  not  until  the  latter 
part  of  June  that  he  started  down  the  Ohio  with  150  picked  men.    He  captured  Kaskaskia  on  July  4,  1778. 

Captain  Bowman,  one  of  Clark's  officers,  describes  in  a  letter  dated  December  29,  1778,  the  taking 
of  Kaskaskia: 

"On  the  4th  inst.,  having  marched  two  days  without  any  sustenance,  in  which  hungrj-  condition  we 
unanimously  determined  to  take  the  town  or  die  in  the  attempt. 

"About  midnight  we  marched  into  the  town  without  being  discovered.  Our  object  was  the  fort, 
which  we  soon  got  possession  of.  The  commanding  officer  (Philip  Rochblave)  we  made  prisoner,  and 
is  now  on  his  way  to  \\'illiamsburg  under  a  strong  guard,  with  all  his  instructions,  from  time  to  time, 
from  the  several  governors  at  Detroit,  Quebec  and  Michilimackinac,  to  set  the  Indians  upon  us,  with 
great  rewards  for  our  scalps,  for  which  he  had  a  salarj'  of  £200  sterling  per  year.  This  town  consists 
of  about  250  families,  sufficiently  fortified  to  have  resisted  a  thousand  men,  but,  coming  upon  them  by 
surprise,  they  were  obliged  to  surrender  themselves.  The  next  evening,  I  was  ordered  by  our  command- 
ing officer  (Colonel  Clark)  with  thirty  men  mounted  on  horseback,  to  attack  three  other  French  towns 
up  the  Mississippi.  The  first  is  called  Parraderushi,  about  fifteen  miles  from  Kaskaskia,  the  town  w-e 
had  in  possession,  and  before  they  had  any  knowledge  of  my  arrival,  I  was  in  possession  of  the  place, 
which  was  no  small  surprise  to  them,  in  consequence  of  which  they  were  willing  to  comply  with  any 
terms  I  should  propose.  From  thence  I  proceeded  to  St.  Philips,  about  nine  miles  higher  up  the  river, 
which  I  likewise  took  possession  of,  and,  as  it  was  imi)ossible  for  them  to  know  my  strength,  the  whole 
being  transacted  in  the  night,  they  also  came  to  my  own  terms.  From  thence  I  proceeded  to  Cauhou, 
about  forty  miles  above  St.  Philips,  which  contained  about  100  families.  We  rode  immediately  to  the 
commander's  house  and  demanded  a  surrender  of  him  and  the  whole  town,  which  was  immediately  com- 
plied with. 

"But  as  this  is  so  remote  a  part  of  the  county,  and  the  Indians  meeting  with  daily  supplies  from  the 
British  officers  who  offer  them  large  bounties  for  our  scalps,  I  think  it  prudent  to  leave  a  guard  here ;  and 


l)cing  anxious  to  do  e\erything  in  my  power  for  my  country,  in  order  to  establish  peace  and  liarmonj-  once 
more  amongst  us,  this  will  engage  my  attention  the  ensuing  winter.  The  inhabitants  of  this  country, 
upon  the  Mississippi,  have,  without  any  kind  of  doubt,  influenced  the  several  nations  of  Indians  in  this 
quarter,  as  also  upon  the  Ohio,  so  that,  ere  it  be  long,  I  flatter  myself  we  shall  put  a  stop  to  the  career 
of  those  blood-thirsty  savages,  who  glory  in  shedding  the  blood  of  the  innocent." 

Henrj-  Hamilton,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Detroit,  was  an  ardent  advocate  of  the  use  of  Indian 
allies  against  the  American  revolutionists.  He  stimulated  savage  warfare  at  every  opportunity.  Ban- 
croft, quoting  from  Hamilton's  correspondence,  says:  "Early  in  September  (1776),  Hamilton,  the  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Detroit,  wrote  from  his  district  directly  to  the  secretan,-  of  state,  promising  that  small 
parties  'of  savages  assembled'  by  him  'in  council,'  'chiefs  and  warriors  from  the  Ottawas,  Chippewas, 
\\'yandots  and  Pottawatomies,'  with  the  Senecas.  would  'fall  on  the  scattered  settlers  of  the  Ohio'  and 
its  branches;  and  he  checked  every  impulse  of  mercy  towards  the  Americans  by  saying  that  'their  arro- 
gance, disloyalty  and  imprudence  justly  drawn  upon  them  this  deplorable  sort  of  war.'  The  British 
people  were  guiltless  of  these  outrages ;  it  was  Germaine  and  his  selected  agents  who  hounded  on  the 
savages  to  scalp  and  massacre  the  settlers  of  the  new  country,  enjoined  with  fretful  restlessness  the 
extension  of  the  system  along  all  the  border  from  New  York  to  tieorgia.  and  chided  every  commander  who 
showed  signs  of  relenting." 

A  few  extracts  from  Hamilton's  letters  illustrate  the  barbarism  of  the  man  Clark  was  opposed  to. 
He  writes  the  Indians  "brought  in  seventy-three  prisoners  alive,  twenty  of  which  they  presented  to  me, 
and  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  scalps."  This  was  in  the  early  part  of  1778;  later  in  the  same  year  he 
says,  "since  last  May  the  Indians  in  this  district  have  taken  thirty-four  prisoners,  seventeen  of  which 
they  delivered  up,  and  eighty-one  scalps,  several  prisoners  taken  and  adoi)ted  not  reckoned  in  this  num- 
ber." 

Hamilton's  savage  policy  was  distasteful  to  many  an  honorable  Englishman.  On  June  8,  1778.  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor Edward  Abbot,  protested  to  his  government :  "Your  excellency's  known  humanity  will 
certainly  put  a  stop  if  possible  to  such  proceedings,  as  it  was  not  people  in  arms  that  Indians  ever  dar- 
ingly attack,  but  the  poor  inofTensive  families  who  fly  to  the  deserts  to  be  out  of  trouble,  and  who  are 
inhumanly  butchered,  sparing  neither  women  or  children." 

Clark  having  established  friendly  relations  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  several  towns  seized  by  him, 
now  turned  his  attention  to  Vincennes  for  as  he  expressed  it  "without  the  possession  of  this  post  all  our 
views  would  have  been  blasted." 

Among  those  friendly  to  the  American  interests  was  the  French  Priest  Father  Gibault,  of  whom 
Clark  says  "he  informed  me  that  he  did  not  think  it  worth  my  while  to  cause  any  militarj-  preparation 
to  be  made  at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  for  the  attack  of  Post  Vincennes,  although  the  i)lace  was  strong  and 
a  great  number  of  Indians  in  its  neighborhood,  who,  to  his  knowledge,  were  generally  at  war;  that 
Governor  Abbot  had,  a  few  weeks  before,  left  the  place  on  some  business  to  Detroit ;  that  he  expected 
that  when  the  inhabitants  were  fully  acquainted  with  what  had  passed  at  the  Illinois,  and  the  present 
happiness  of  their  friends,  and  made  fully  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  the  war,  that  their  sentiments 
would  greatly  change ;  that  he  knew  that  his  appearance  here  would  have  great  weight,  even  among  the 
savages;  that  if  it  was  agreeable  to  me  he  would  take  this  business  on  himself,  and  had  no  doubt  of  his 
being  able  to  bring  that  place  over  to  the  American  interest  without  my  being  at  the  trouble  of  march- 
ing against  it." 

This  arrangement  was  carried  out  and  Father  Gibault,  with  a  small  retinue  left  for  Vincennes  July 
14.  Upon  his  arrival  there  everything  went  as  he  had  predicted.  The  town  became  ;\merican  and  the 
English  adherents  left. 

Upon  receiving  Gibault's  report  of  his  success,  Clark  determined  that  it  would  be  highly  necessary 
to  have  an  American  officer  at  that  post.  He  selected  Captain  Leonard  Helm,  instructing  him  especially 
to  make  friends  w^ith  "an  Indian  chief,  called  the  Tobacco's  son,  a  Peankeshaw,  at  this  time  residing  in 
a  village  adjoining  St.  Vincent.  This  man  was  called  by  the  Indians  'the  Grand  Door  to  the  Wabash,' 
as  the  great  Pontiac  had  been  to  that  of  St.  Joseph,  and,  as  nothing  of  consequence  was  to  be  undertaken 
by  the  league  on  the  Wabash  without  his  assent." 

This  chief  was  won  over  to  the  American  interests  and  remained  a  zealous  friend  to  the  day  of  his 
death,  which  happened  two  years  after  this  when  he  desired  to  be  buried  among  the  Americans. 

Clark's  account  continues:  "In  a  short  time  our  influence  reached  the  Indians  on  the  river  of  St. 
Joset)h  and  the  border  of  Lake  Michigan. 

"The  French  gentlemen,  at  the  different  posts  that  we  now  had  possession  of,  engaged  warmly 
in  our  interest.  They  a]ipeared  to  vie  with  each  other  in  jjromoting  the  business  ;  and  through  the  means 
of  their  correspondence,  trading  among  the  Indians,  and  otherwise,  in  a  short  time  the  Indians  of  the 
various  tribes  inhabiting  the  region  of  Illinois,  came  in  great  numbers  to  Cahokia.  in  order  to  make 
treaties  of  peace  with  us.  From  the  information  they  generally  got  from  the  I'rench  gentlemen  (whom 
they  implicitly  believed)  respecting  us,  they  were  truly  alarmed;  and,  consequently,  we  were  visited  by  the 
greater  part  of  them  without  any  invitation  from  us." 

48 


Not  until  August  8,  1778, '  did  Hamilton  receive  tidings  of  Clark's  occupation  of  the  Illinois  and 
Wabash  countn'.  The  startling  news  astounded  and  mortified  him.  He  immediately  prepared  to  retake 
with  a  force  of  six  hundred,  the  territor}'  now  occupied  by  Clark.  He  appeared  before  Vincennes  De- 
cember 15,  1778,  and  with  no  opposition  seized  the  town,  capturing  Captain  Helm  and  a  few  continental 
soldiers.  Just  as  the  British  were  about  to  enter  Helm  hastily  scratched  a  note  to  Clark.  He  gave  it 
to  a  messenger,  who  was  later  captured.  The  note,  forwarded  by  Hamilton  to  his  government  at  Detroit, 
is  now  in  the  Canadian  archi\  es.     Helm  wrote  : 

"Dear  .Sirs: — 

"At  this  time  there  is  an  army  within  three  miles  of  this  place;  I  heard  of  their  coming  several  days 
beforehand.  I  sent  spies  to  find  the  certainty — the  spies  being  taken  prisoners  I  never  got  intelligence 
till  they  got  within  three  miles  of  the  town.  As  I  had  ordered  at  the  firing  of  a  cannon  ever}'  man  to 
appear,  but  I  saw  but  few.  Captain  Buseron  behaved  much  to  his  honor  and  credit,  but  I  doubt  the  cer- 
tain (conduct)  of  a  certain  gent.  Excuse  haste,  as  the  army  is  in  sight.  My  determination  is  to  defend 
the  garrison,  though  I  have  but  twenty-one  men  but  what  has  left  me.  I  refer  you  to  the  Mr.  W'mes 
(  ?)  for  the  test  (rest).  The  army  is  in  three  hundred  yards  of  the  village.  You  must  think  how  I  feel ; 
not  four  men  that  I  can  really  depend  upon ;  but  am  determined  to  act  bravely — think  of  my  condition. 

"I  know  it  is  out  of  my  power  to  defend  the  town,  as  not  one  of  the  militia  will  take  arms,  though 
before  sight  of  the  army  no  braver  men.     There  is  a  flag  at  a  small  distance.     I  must  conclude. 

"Your  Humble  Servant, 

"LEO'D  HELM." 

Helm  surrendered  and  received  the  honors  of  war.  Xews  of  the  loss  of  \'incennes  did  not  reach 
Clark  until  late  in  January.  On  February  3,  he  wrote  Patrick  Henry.  "I  have  for  many  months  past 
had  reports  of  an  army  marching  against  Detroit,  but  no  certainty.  A  late  maneuver  of  the  famous 
hair-buying  general,  Henrj'  Hamilton,  Esquire,  lieutenant-governor  of  Detroit,  hath  much  alarmed  us. 
On  the  16th  of  December  last,  he  with  a  body  of  six  hundred  men,  composed  of  regulars,  French  volun- 
teers and  Indians,  took  possession  of  St.  Vincent  on  the  Wabash,  and  what  few  men  composed  the  gar- 
rison (they)  not  being  able  to  make  the  least  defense.  He  is  influencing  all  the  Indians  he  possibly  can 
to  join  him.  I  learn  that  those  (who)  have  treated  with  me  have  as  yet  refused  his  oflfers.  I  have  for 
some  time  expected  to  attack  from  him ;  he  has  blocked  up  the  Ohio  river  with  a  party  of  French  and 
Indians.  Yesterday,  I,  fortunately,  got  every  piece  of  intelligence  that  I  could  wish  for,  by  a  Spanish 
gentleman  (who)  made  his  escape  from  Mr.  Hamilton.  No  attack  (is)  to  be  made  on  the  garrison  at 
Kaskaskias  until  the  spring;  the  passage  is  too  difficult  at  present ;  his  (Indians  are)  sent  to  war  against 
diiTerent  parts  of  the  (frontiers),  especially  Kentucky.  Belts,  presents  and  speeches  (are)  sent  to  all 
the  nations  south  of  the  Ohio  immediately  to  meet  as  a  general  council  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee 
River,  to  lay  the  best  plans  for  cutting  oiif  the  rebels  at  Illinois  and  Kentucky,  etc.  The  Grand  Kite  and 
his  nation,  living  at  Post  St.  Vincent,  told  Mr.  Hamilton  that  he  and  his  people  (were)  Big  Knixes  and 
would  not  give  their  hands  any  more  to  the  English,  for  he  would  shortly  see  his  father  that  was  at 
Kaskaskias.  Ninety  regulars  in  garrison,  a  few  volunteers  and  about  fifty  Sawanay  Indians  that  (are) 
shortly  to  go  to  war  are  very  busy  repairing  the  fort,  which  will  shortly  be  very  strong.  One  brass  six 
l)0under,  two  iron  four  pounders  and  two  swivels  mounted  in  bastions,  plenty  of  ammunition  and  pro- 
visions and  all  kinds  of  warlike  stores,  making  preparation  for  the  reduction  of  the  Illinois,  etc.,  has  no 
suspicion  of  a  \isit  from  the  Americans.  This  was  Mr.  Hamilton's  circumstance  when  Mr.  N'irgo  left 
him. 

"Being  ^ensible  that  without  re-inforcements,  which  at  present  I  have  hardly  a  right  to  expect,  that 
I  shall  be  obliged  to  give  up  the  country,  to  Mr.  Hamilton,  without  a  turn  of  fortune  in  my  favor,  I  am 
resolved  to  take  advantage  of  his  present  situation  and  risk  the  whole  in  a  single  battle.  I  shall  set  out  in 
a  few  days,  with  all  the  force  I  can  raise  of  my  own  troops  and  a  few  militia  that  I  can  depend  on, 
amounting  in  the  whole,  to  only  one  hundred  and  seventy  men.  .  .  of  which  goes  on  board  a  small 
galley.  .  .  out  some  time  ago.  mounting  two  four-pounders  and  four  large  swivels ;  one  nine-pounder 
on  board.  This  boat  is  to  make  her  way  good  if  possible,  and  take  her  station  ten  leagues  below  St. 
Vincent  until  further  orders.  If  I  am  defeated  she  is  to  join  Colonel  Rogers  on  the  Mississippi.  She 
has  great  stores  of  ammunition  on  board ;  commanded  by  Lieutenant  John  Rogers.  I  shall  march 
across  my  land  myself  with  the  rest  of  my  boys.  The  principal  persons  that  follow  me  on  this  forlom 
hope  (are)  Captain  Joseph  Bowman,  John  \\'illiams,  Edw.  \\'orthington,  Richard  McCarty  and  Frans. 
Charleville,  Lieutenant  Richard  Brashear,  (Abm.)  Kellar,  Abm.  Chaplin,  John  Bayley  and  several  other 
brave  subalterns.  You  must  be  sensible  of  the  feeling  that  I  have  for  those  brave  officers  and  soldiers 
(who)  are  determined  to  share  my  fate  let  it  be  what  it  will. 

"I  know  the  case  if  desperate,  but,  sir,  we  must  either  quit  the  country  or  attack  Mr.  Hamilton.  No 
time  is  to  be  lost.  Was  I  sure  of  a  re-inforcement  I  should  not  attempt  it.  Who  knows  what  fortune 
wmU  do  for  us?  (ireat  things  have  been  effected  by  a  few  men  well  conducted.  Perhaps  we  may  be 
fortunate.  We  have  this  consolation,  that  our  case  is  just,  and  that  our  countrv-  will  be  grateful  and 
not  condemn  our  conduct,  in  case  we  fall  through;  if  so.  this  country  as  well  as  Kentucky.  I  believe, 
is  lost." 


Two  days  after  writing  the  above,  Clark  started  on  a  march  tliat  was  to  give  America  an  empire. 

Captain  Bowman's  diary  of  this  remarkable  expedition  gives  us  some  small  understanding  of  the 
hardships  borne  and  of  the  unswerving  courage  of  these  men.     It  follows; 

"February  5 — Raised  another  company  of  volunteers,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Francis  Charl- 
ville,  which,  added  to  our  force,  increased  our  number  to  one  hundred  and  seventy  men ;  about  three 
o'clock  we  crossed  the  Kaskaskia  with  our  baggage,  and  marched  about  a  league  from  town.  Fair  and 
drizzly  weather.  Began  our  march  early.  Made  a  good  march  for  about  nine  hours ;  the  road  was  very 
bad,  with  mud  and  water.  Pitched  our  camp  in  a  scjuare,  baggage  in  the  middle,  even,'  company  to  guard 
their  own  squares. 

"February  8 — Marched  early  through  the  waters,  which  we  now  began  to  meet  in  those  large  and 
level  plains,  where,  from  the  flatness  of  the  country  (the  water)  rests  a  considerable  time  before  it 
drains  off;  nothwithstanding  which,  our  men  were  in  great  spirits,  though  much    fatigued. 

"Februarj'  9 — Made  another  day's  march.     Fair  the  part  of  the  day. 

"Februar}'  10 — Crossed  the  river  of  the  Petit  Fork  upon  trees  that  were  for  that  purpose,  the  water 
being  so  high  there  was  no  fording  it.  Still  raining  and  no  tents.  Encamped  near  the  river;  stormy 
weather. 

"Februar}'  11  —  Crossed  the  Saline  River.  Nothing  extraordinary  this  day. 

"February  12 — Marched  across  Cot  plains;  saw  and  killed  numbers  of  buffaloes.  The  road  ver}' 
bad  from  the  immense  quantity  of  rain  that  had  fallen.  The  men  much  fatigued.  Encamped  on  the 
edge  of  the  woods.  This  plain  or  meadow  being  fifteen  or  more  miles  across,  it  was  late  in  the  night 
before  the  baggage  and  troops  got  together.     Now  twenty-one  miles  from  St.  Vincent. 

"Februarv'  13 — Arrived  early  at  the  two  Wabashes.  Although  a  league  asunder,  they  now  made  but 
one.    We  set  to  making  a  canoe. 

"February  1-1 — Finished  the  canoe  and  put  her  into  the  river  about  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

"February  15 — Ferried  across  the  two  Wabashes,  it  being  then  five  miles  in  water  to  the  opposite 
hills,  where  we  camped.  Still  raining.  Orders  not  to  fire  any  guns  for  the  future,  but  in  case  of  neces- 
sity. 

"February  16 — Marched  all  day  through  rain  and  water ;  crossed  Fox  River.  Our  provisions  began 
to  be  short. 

"February  17 — Marched  early;  crossed  several  runs,  very  deep.  Sent  Mr.  Kennedy,  our  commissary, 
with  three  men  to  cross  the  river  Embarras,  if  possible,  and  proceed  to  a  plantation  opposite  Post  St. 
Vincent,  in  order  to  steal  boats  or  canoes  to  ferr>'  us  across  the  Wabash.  About  an  hour,  by  sun,  we  got 
near  the  river  Embarras.  Found  the  country  all  overflowed  with  water.  We  strove  to  find  the  Wabash. 
Traveled  till  8  o'clock  in  mud  and  water,  but  could  find  no  place  to  encamp  on.  Still  kept  marching  on, 
but  after  some  time  Mr.  Kennedy  and  his  party  returned.  Found  it  impossible  to  cross  Embarras  River. 
We  found  the  water  falling  from  a  small  spot  of  ground:  stayed  there  the  remainder  of  the  night. 
Drizzly  and  dark  weather. 

"February  18 — At  break  of  day  heard  Governor  Hamilton's  morning  gun.  Set  off  and  marched 
down  the  river.  Saw  some  fine  land.  About  two  o'clock  came  to  the  bank  of  the  Wabash ;  made  rafts 
for  four  men  to  cross  and  go  up  to  town  and  steal  boats,  but  they  spend  day  and  night  in  the  water  to 
no  purpose,  for  there  was  not  one  foot  of  dry  land  to  be  found. 

"February  19 — Captain  McCarty's  company  set  to  making  a  canoe,  and  at  3  o'clock  the  four  men 
returned,  after  spending  the  night  on  some  old  logs  in  the  water.  The  canoe  finished.  Captain  McCarty, 
with  three  of  his  men,  embarked  in  the  canoe  and  made  the  third  attempt  to  steal  boats,  but  he  soon 
returned,  having  discovered  four  large  fires  about  a  league  distant  from  our  camp,  which  seemed  to 
him  to  be  fires  of  whites  and  Indians.  Immediately  Colonel  Clark  sent  two  men  in  the  canoe  down  to 
meet  the  batteau,  with  orders  to  come  on  day  and  night,  that  being  our  last  hope  and  (we)  are  starving. 
Many  of  the  men  much  cast  down,  particularly  the  \olunteers.  No  provisions  of  any  sort,  now  for  two 
days.     Hard  fortune ! 

"Februarv-  20 — Camp  very  quiet,  but  hungry;  some  almost  in  despair;  many  of  the  creole  volunteers 
talking  of  returning.  Fell  to  making  more  canoes,  when,  about  12  o'clock,  our  sentry  on  the  river 
brought  to  a  boat  with  five  Frenchmen  from  the  post,  who  told  us  we  were  not  as  yet  discovered ;  that 
the  inhabitants  were  well  disposed  towards  us,  etc.  Captain  Willing's  brother,  who  was  taken  in  the 
fort,  had  made  his  escape  to  us,  and  that  one  Maisonville,  with  a  party  of  Indians,  was  then  seven  days 
in  jjursuit  of  him,  with  much  news;  more  news  to  our  favor,  such  as  repairs  done  the  fort,  the  strength, 
etc,  etc.  They  informed  us  of  two  canoes  they  had  seen  adrift  some  distance  above  us.  Ordered  that 
Captain  Worthington,  with  a  party,  go  in  search  of  them.  Returned  late  with  only  one.  One  of  our 
men  killed  a  deer,  which  was  brought  into  camp ;  very  acceptable, 

"February  21 — At  break  of  day  began  to  ferry  our  men  over  in  our  two  canoes  to  a  small  hill  called 
fMammelle?).  Captain  Williams,  with  two  men,  went  to  look  for  a  passage,  and  were  discovered  by 
two  men  in  a  canoe,  but  could  not  fetch  them  to.    The  whole  army  being  over,  we  thought  to  get  to  town 

SO 


that  night,  so  plunged  into  the  water,  sometimes  to  the  neck,  for  more  than  one  league,  when  we  stopped 
r:n  the  next  hill  of  the  same  name,  there  being  no  dry  land  on  any  side  for  many  leagues.  Our  [jilots 
say  we  can  not  get  along — that  it  is  impossible. 

"February  22 — Colonel  Clark  encourages  his  men,  which  gave  them  great  spirits.  Marched  on  in 
the  waters.  Those  that  were  weak  and  famished  from  so  much  fatigue  went  in  canoes.  We  came  one  lea- 
gue farther  to  some  sugar  camps,  where  we  stayed  all  night.  Heard  the  e\ening  and  morning  guns  from 
the  fort.     Xo  provisions  yet.     Lord  help  us !" 

The  morning  of  the  23rd  dawned  bright  and  clear.  The  day  which  was  to  decide  the  issue  had 
arrived.    Clark  in  his  memoir  says : 

"A  little  after  sunrise  I  lectured  the  whole.  What  I  said  to  them  1  forgot,  but  it  may  be  easily 
imagined  by  a  person  that  could  possess  my  alTections  for  them  at  that  time.  I  concluded  by  informing 
them  that  passing  the  plain  that  was  then  in  full  view  and  reaching  the  opposite  woods  would  put  an  end 
to  their  fatigue,  that  in  a  few  hours  they  would  have  sight  of  their  long-wished-for  object,  and  imme- 
diately stepped  into  the  water  without  waiting  for  any  reply.  A  huzza  took  place.  As  we  generally 
marched  through  the  water  in  a  line,  before  the  third  entered  I  halted,  and  called  to  Major  Bowman, 
ordering  him  to  fall  in  the  rear  w^ith  twenty-five  men,  and  put  to  death  any  man  who  refused  to  march, 
as  we  wished  to  have  no  such  person  among  us.  The  whole  gave  a  cry  of  approbation,  and  on  we  went. 
This  was  the  most  tr)'ing  of  all  the  difficulties  we  had  experienced.  I  generally  kept  fifteen  or  twenty 
of  the  strongest  men  next  myself,  and  judged  from  my  own  feeling  what  must  be  that  of  the  others. 
Getting  about  the  middle  of  the  plain,  the  water  about  mid-deep,  I  found  myself  sensibly  failing;  and 
as  there  were  no  trees  nor  bushes  for  the  men  to  support  themselves  by,  I  feared  that  many  of  the  most 
weak  would  be  drowned.  I  ordered  the  canoes  to  make  the  land,  discharge  their  loading  and  play  back- 
ward and  forward  with  all  diligence,  and  pick  up  the  men;  and,  to  encourage  the  party,  sent  some  of  the 
strongest  men  forward,  with  orders,  when  they  got  to  a  certain  distance,  to  pass  the  word  back  that  the 
water  was  geting  shallow,  and  when  getting  near  the  woods  to  cry  out,  'Land !'  This  stratagem  had  the 
desired  effect.  The  men,  encouraged  by  it,  exerted  themselves  almost  beyond  their  ability,  the  weak 
holding  by  the  stronger.  The  water  never  got  shallower,  but  continued  deepening.  Getting  to  the  woods, 
where  the  men  expected  land,  the  water  was  up  to  my  shoulders,  but  gaining  the  woods  was  of  great 
consequence.  All  the  low  men  and  the  weakly  hung  to  the  trees  and  floated  on  the  old  logs  until  they 
were  taken  off  by  the  canoes.  The  strong  and  tall  got  ashore  and  built  fires.  Many  would  reach  the 
shore  and  fall  with  their  bodies  half  in  the  water,  not  being  able  to  support  themselves  without  it. 

"This  was  a  delightful  dry  spot  of  ground  of  about  ten  acres.  We  soon  found  that  the  fires  answered 
no  purpose,  but  that  two  strong  men  taking  a  weaker  one  by  the  arms  was  the  only  way  to  recover  him ; 
and,  being  a  delightful  day,  it  soon  did.  But,  fortunately,  as  if  designed  by  Providence,  a  canoe  of 
Indian  squaws  and  children  was  coming  up  to  town,  and  took  through  part  of  this  plain  as  a  nigh  way. 
It  was  discovered  by  our  canoes  as  they  were  out  after  the  men.  They  gave  chase,  and  took  the  Indian 
canoe,  on  board  of  which  was  near  half  a  quarter  of  a  buffalo,  some  com,  tallow,  kettles,  etc.  This 
was  a  grand  prize,  and  was  invaluable.  Broth  was  immediately  made  and  served  out  to  the  most  weakly 
with  great  care.  Most  of  the  whole  got  a  little,  but  a  great  many  gave  their  part  to  the  weakly,  jocosely 
saying  something  cheering  to  their  comrades.  This  little  refreshment  and  fine  weather  by  the  afternoon 
gave  new  life  to  the  whole.  Crossing  a  narrow,  deep  lake  in  the  canoes,  and  marching  some  distance, 
we  came  to  a  copse  of  timber  called  the  Warriors  Island.  We  were  now  in  full  view  of  the  fort  and 
town,  not  a  shrub  between  us,  at  about  a  two-mile's  distance.  Ever}'  man  now  feasted  his  eyes,  and 
forgot  that  he  had  suffered  anything,  saying  that  all  that  had  passed  was  owing  to  good  policy  and  noth- 
ing but  what  a  man  could  bear;  and  that  a  soldier  had  no  right  to  think,  etc. — passing  from  one  extreme 
to  another,  which  is  common  in  such  cases.    It  was  now  we  had  to  display  our  ability. 

"Our  situation  was  now  truly  critical — no  possibility  of  retreating  in  case  of  defeat,  and  in  full  view 
of  a  town  that  had  at  this  time,  upward  of  600  men  in  it — troops,  inhabitants  and  Indians.  The  crew  of  the 
galley,  though  not  fifty  men,  would  have  been  now  a  reinforcement  of  immense  magnitude  to  our  little 
army  fif  I  may  so  call  it),  but  we  would  not  think  of  them.  We  were  now  in  the  situation  that  I  had 
labored  to  get  ourselves  in.  The  idea  of  being  made  prisoner  was  foreign  to  almost  every  man,  as  they 
expected  nothing  but  torture  from  the  savages,  if  they  fell  into  their  hands.  Our  fate  was  now  to  be 
determined,  probably  in  a  few  hours.  We  knew  that  nothing  but  the  most  daring  conduct  would  insure 
success.  I  knew  that  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  wished  us  well,  that  many  were  luke-warm  to  the 
interest  of  either,  and  I  also  learned  that  the  grand  chief,  the  Tobacco's  son,  had  but  a  few  days  before 
openly  declared,  in  council  with  the  British,  that  he  was  a  brother  and  friend  to  the  Big  Knives.  These 
were  favorable  circumstances,  and,  as  there  was  but  little  iirobahility  of  our  remaining  until  dark  un- 
disco\ered,  I  determined  to  begin  the  career  immediately. 

"Lieutenant  Bayley  was  ordered,  with  fourteen  men,  to  march  and  fire  on  the  fort.  The  main  body 
moved  in  a  different  direction,  and   took  possession  of  the  strongest  part  of  the  town. 

"The  firing  now  commenced  on  the  fort,  but  they  did  not  believe  it  was  an  enemy  until  one  of  their 
men  was  shot  down  through  a  port,  as  drunken  Indians  frequently  saluted  the  fori  after  night.  The 
drums  now  sounded,  and  the  business  fairly  commenced  on  both  sides. 


■'  Fobacco's  son,  being  in  town  with  a  number  of  warriors,  immediately  mustered  them,  and  let  us 
know  that  he  wished  to  join  us,  saying  that  by  morning  he  would  have  100  men.  He  received  for  answer 
that  we  thanked  him  for  his  friendly  disposition,  and,  as  we  were  sufficiently  strong  ourselves,  we  wished 
him  to  desist,  and  that  we  would  counsel  on  the  subject  in  the  morning;  and.  as  we  knew  that  there  were 
a  number  of  Indians  in  and  near  the  town  that  were  our  enemies,  some  confusion  might  happen  if  our 
men  should  mix  in  the  dark,  but  hoped  that  we  mi^ht  be  favored  with  his  counsel  and  company  during 
the  night,  which  was  agreeable  to  him. 

"The  Indians  of  different  tribes  that  were  inimical  had  left  the  town  and  neighborhood.  Captain 
Lamotte  continued  to  hover  about  it,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  make  his  way  good  into  the  fort.  Parties 
attempted  in  vain  to  surprise  him.  A  few  of  his  party  were  taken,  one  of  which  was  Maisonville.  a 
famous  Indian  partisan.  Two  lads  that  captured  him  tied  him  to  a  post  in  the  street,  and  fought  from 
behind  him  as  a  breastwork,  supposing  that  the  e.iemy  would  not  fire  at  them  for  fear  of  killing  him, 
as  he  would  alarm  them  by  his  voice.  The  lads  were  ordered,  by  an  officer  who  discovered  them  at 
their  amusement,  to  untie  their  prisoner  and  take  him  off  to  the  guards,  which  they  did,  but  were  so 
inhuman  as  to  take  part  of  his  scalp  on  the  way. 

"Thus  the  attack  continued  until  about  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  24th." 

Then  Clark  sent  the  following  letter  to  Hamilton : 

"Sir: — In  order  to  save  yourself  from  the  impending  storm  that  now  threatens  you,  I  order  you 
immediately  to  surrender  yourself,  with  all  your  garrison,  stores,  etc.  For,  if  I  am  obliged  to  storm, 
you  may  depend  on  such  treatment  as  is  justly  due  to  a  murderer.  Beware  of  destroying  stores  of  any 
kind  or  any  papers  or  letters  that  are  in  your  possession,  or  hurting  one  house  in  town  ;  for.  by  Heaven  ! 
if  you  do  there  shall  be  no  mercy  shown  you.  "(Signed)        G.   R.   CLARK." 

The  negotiations  thus  started  resulted  in  a  meeting  between  Clark  and  Hamilton. 

"We  met  at  the  church,  about  eighty  yards  from  the  fort;  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton,  Major 
Hay,  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs.  Captain  Helm,  their  prisoner,  Major  Bowman  and  myself.  The 
conference  began.  Hamilton  produced  terms  of  cipitulation,  signed,  that  contained  various  articles,  one 
of  which  was  that  the  garrison  should  be  surrendered  on  their  being  permitted  to  go  to  Pensacola  on 
parole.  After  deliberating  on  every  article,  I  rejected  the  whole.  He  then  wished  that  I  would  make 
some  proposition.  I  told  him  that  I  had  no  other  to  make  than  what  I  had  already  made — that  of  his 
surrendering  as  prisoners  at  discretion.  I  said  that  the  troops  had  behaved  with  spirit,  that  they  could 
not  suppose  that  they  would  be  worse  treated  in  consequence  of  it,  that,  if  he  chose  to  comply  with  the 
demand,  though  hard,  perhaps  the  sooner  the  better;  that  it  was  in  vain  to  make  any  proposition  to  me; 
that  he,  by  this  time,  must  be  sensible  that  the  garrison  would  fall;  that  both  of  us  must  (view?)  all 
blood  si)ilt  for  the  future  by  the  garrison  as  murder;  that  my  troops  were  already  impatient,  and  called 
aloud  for  permission  to  tear  down  and  storm  the  fort.  If  such  a  step  was  taken,  many,  of  course,  would 
be  cut  down,  and  the  result  of  an  enraged  body  of  woodsmen  breaking  in  must  be  obvious  to  him.  It 
would  be  out  of  the  power  of  an  American  officer  to  save  a  single  man.  Various  altercation  took  place 
for  a  considerable  time.  Captain  Helm  attempted  to  moderate  our  fixed  determination.  I  told  him  he 
\yas  a  British  prisoner,  and  it  was  doubtful  whether  or  not  he  could,  with  jiropriety.  speak  on  the  sub- 
ject. Hamilton  then  said  that  Captain  Helm  was  from  that  moment  liberated,  and  might  use  his  pleasure. 
I  informed  the  captain  that  I  would  not  receive  him  on  such  terms,  that  he  must  return  to  the  garrison, 
and  await  his  fate.  I  then  told  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton  that  hostilities  should  not  commence  until 
fi\e  minutes  after  the  drums  gave  the  alarm.  We  took  our  leave,  and  parted  but  a  few  steps,  when 
Hamilton  stopped,  and  politely  asked  me  if  I  would  be  so  kind  as  to  give  him  my  reasons  for  refusing 
the  garrison  any  other  terms  than  those  I  had  offered.  I  told  him  I  had  no  objections  in  giving  him  my 
real  reasons,  which  were  simply  these ;  that  I  knew  the  greater  part  of  the  principal  Indian  partisans 
of  Detroit  were  with  him ;  that  I  wanted  an  excuse  to  put  them  to  death  or  otherwise  treat  them  as  I 
thought  proper;  that  the  cries  of  the  widows  and  the  fatherless  on  the  frontiers,  which  they  had  occa- 
sioned, now  required  their  blood  from  my  hand ;  that  that  I  did  not  choose  to  be  so  timorous  as  to  dis- 
obey the  absolute  commands  of  their  authority,  which  I  looked  upon  to  be  next  to  divine ;  that  I  would 
rather  lose  fifty  men  than  not  to  empower  myself  to  execute  this  piece  of  business  with  propriety; 
that,  if  he  chose  to  risk  the  massacre  of  his  garrison  for  their  sakes,  it  was  his  own  pleasure;  and  that 
I  might,  perhaps,  take  it  into  my  head  to  send  for  some  of  those  widows  to  see  it  executed.  Major  Hay, 
l)aying  great  attention,  I  had  obsened  a  kind  of  distrust  in  his  countenance,  which  in  a  great  measure 
influenced  my  con\ersation  during  this  time.  On  my  concluding.  'Pray,  sir,'  said  he,  'who  is  it  that  you 
call  Indian  partisans?'  '.Sir,'  I  replied,  'I  take  Major  Hay  to  be  one  of  the  principal.'  I  never  saw  a  man 
in  the  moment  of  execution  so  struck  as  he  appeared  to  be,  pale  and  trembling,  scarcely  able  to  stand. 
Hamilton  blushed,  and,  I  observed,  was  much  affected  at  his  behavior.  Major  Bowman's  countenance 
sufficiently  explained  his  disdain  for  the  one  of  his  sorrow  for  the  other.  From  that  moment  my  reso- 
lutions changed  respecting  Hamilton's  situation.  I  told  him  that  we  would  return  to  our  respective 
l)osts,  that  I  would  reconsider  the  matter,  and  let  him  know  the  result.  No  offensive  measures  should 
be  taken  in  the  meantime.  Agreed  to,  and  we  parte:l.  What  had  passed  being  made  known  to  our  officers, 
it  was  agreed  that  we  should  moderate  our  resolutions." 

In  the  course  of  the  afternoon  of  the  24th,  the  following  articles  were  signed,  and  the  garrison 
capitulated : 

52 


"I,  Lieutenant-Governor  Hamilton,  engages  to  deliver  to  Colonel  Clark,  Fort  .Sackxille,  as  it  is  at 
present,  with  all  its  stores,  etc. 

"II.  The  garrison  are  to  deli\er  themselves  as  jirisoners  of  war,  and  march  out  with  their  arms 
and  accoutrements,  etc. 

"III.     The  garrison  to  he  delivered  up  at  ten  o'clock  tomorrow. 

"V.  Three  days'  time  to  he  allowed  the  garrison  to  settle  their  accounts  with  the  inhabitants  and 
traders  of  this  place. 

"V.     The  officers  of  the  garrison  to  be  allowed  their  necessary  baggage,  etc. 

".Signed  at  Post  St.  Vincent  (Vincennes),  24th  of  February,  1779. 

"Agreed  for  the  following  reasons:  The  remoteness  for  succor;  the  state  and  quantity  of  proxisions, 
etc. ;  unanimity  of  officers  and  men  in  its  expediency  ;  the  honorable  terms  allowed  ;  and,  lastly,  the  con- 
fidence in  a  general  enemy. 

"Signed 

"HFXRY  HAMILTON, 
"Lieutenant-Ciovernor  and  Superintendent." 

The  business  being  now  nearly  at  an  end,  troo|)s  were  posted  in  several  strong  houses  around  the  gar- 
rison and  patrolled  during  the  night  to  prevent  deception  that  might  be  attempted.  The  remainder 
on  duty  lay  on  their  arms,  and  for  the  first  time  for  many  days  [tast  got  some  rest.  "During  the  siege, 
I  got  only  one  man  wounded.     Not  being  able  to  lose  many,  I  made  them  secure  themsehes  well." 

In  regard  to  the  neighboring  Indians,  Clark  says: 

"1  had  yet  sent  no  message  to  the  Indian  tribes,  wishing  to  wait  to  see  what  effect  all  this  would  have 
on  them.  The  Pyankeshaws,  being  of  the  tribe  of  the  Tobacco's  son,  were  always  familiar  with  us. 
Part  of  the  behavior  of  this  grandee,  as  he  viewed  himself,  was  diverting  enough.  He  had  conceived 
such  an  inviolable  attachment  for  Captain  Helm,  that  on  finding  that  the  captain  was  a  prisoner  and  not 
being  as  yet  able  to  release  him,  he  declared  himself  a  prisoner  also.  He  joined  his  brother,  as  he  called 
Captain  Helm,  and  continually  kept  with  him,  condoling  their  condition  as  prisoners  in  great  distress, 
at  the  same  time  wanting  nothing  that  was  in  the  power  of  the  garrison  to  furnish.  Governor  Hamilton, 
knowing  the  influence  of  Tobacco's  son,  was  extremely  jealous  of  his  behavior,  and  took  ever)'  pains 
to  gain  him  by  presents,  etc.  When  anything  was  presented  to  him,  his  reply  would  be  that  it  would 
serve  him  and  his  brother  to  live  on.  He  would  not  enter  into  council,  saying  that  he  was  a  prisoner 
and  had  nothing  to  say,  but  was  in  hopes  that  when  the  grass  grew,  his  brother,  the  Big  Knife,  would 
release  him,  and  when  he  was  free,  he  could  talk,  etc.  Being  presented  with  an  elegant  sword,  he  drew 
it,  and,  bending  the  point  on  the  floor,  very  seriously  .said  it  would  serve  him  and  his  brother  to  amuse 
themselves  sticking  frogs  in  the  pond  while  in  cajitivity.  In  short,  they  could  do  nothing  with  him,  and 
the  moment  he  heard  of  our  arrival,  he  y>araded  all  the  warriors  he  had  in  his  village  (joining  St.  Vin- 
cent), and  was  readv  to  fall  in  and  attack  the  fort,  hut  for  reasons  formerlv  mentioned,  was  desired  to 
desist. 

"On  the  15th  of  March,  1779,  a  party  of  upper  Pyankeshaws  and  some  Pottawatomies  and  Miami 
chiefs  made  their  appearance,  making  great  protestations  of  their  attachment  to  the  Americans,  begged 
that  they  might  be  taken  under  the  cover  of  our  wings,  and  that  the  roads  through  the  lands  might  be 
made  straight  and  all  the  stumbling  blocks  removed,  and  that  their  friends,  the  neighboring  nations, 
might  also  be  considered  in  the  same  point  of  view.  I  well  knew  from  what  principal  all  this  sprung, 
and,  as  I  had  Detroit  now  in  my  eye,  it  was  my  business  to  make  a  straight  and  clear  road  for  myself 
to  walk,  without  thinking  much  of  their  interest  or  anything  else  but  that  of  o])ening  the  road  in  earnest 
— by  flattery,  deception  or  any  other  means  that  most  of  the  nations  on  the  Wabash  and  Omi  (Maumee) 
Rivers  had  proven  themselves  to  be  men  by  adhering  to  the  treaties  they  had  made  with  the  P.ig  Knife 
last  fall,  except  a  few  weak  minds  who  had  been  deluded  by  the  Lnglis'h  to  come  to  war,  I  told  them 
that  I  exi)ected,  for  the  future,  that  if  any  of  my  people  should  be  going  to  war  through  their  countr>- 
that  they  would  be  protected,  which  should  be  always  the  case  with  their  peo[)le  when  among  us,  and 
that  mutual  confidence  should  continue  to  exist,   etc.,  etc. 

"They  replied  that,  from  what  they  had  seen  and  heard,  they  were  conxinced  that  the  Master  ot 
Life  had  a  hand  in  all  things;  that  their  f)eople  would  rejoice  on  their  return  :  that  they  would  take  jiains 
to  diffuse  what  they  had  heard  through  all  the  nations,  and  made  no  doubt  of  the  good  effect  of  it. 

"The  ensuing  summer.  Captain  I.  Shelby,  with  his  ow-n  com]>any  only  la\-  for  a  considerable  time 
in  the  W'ea  town,  in  the  heart  of  their  countr)\  and  was  treated  in  the  most  friendly  manner  by  all  the 
natives  that  he  saw,  and  was  frequently  invited  by  them  to  join  the  plunder  what  was  called  'the  King's 
jiasture  at  Detroit.'     What  they  meant  was  to  go  and  steal  horses  from  that  settlement." 

From  now  on  until  tin-  end  of  the  revolution,  Cl.irk  protected  the  frontiers  from  the  numerous  and 
ill-organized  attacks  of  Indian  tribes  still  swayed  by  the   I'.ritish  inlluence  in  the  north. 

53 


Clark's  opinion  of  the  country  conquered  by  him  is  well  illustrated  liv  his  letter  to  Mason  dated 
November  19,  1779: 

"As  of  the  description  of  the  Illinois  country-,  which  you  seem  so  anxious  for,  you  may  expect  to 
have  it,  by  the  ensuing  fall,  as  I  expect,  by  that  period,  to  be  able  to  give  you  a  more  general  idea  of  it. 
This  you  may  take  for  granted :  That  it's  more  beautiful  than  any  idea  I  could  have  formed  of  a  coun- 
try almost  in  a  state  of  nature ;  everj'thing  you  behold  is  an  additional  beauty.  On  the  river  you'll  find 
the  finest  lands  tlie  sun  ever  shone  on.  In  the  high  countr}'  you  will  find  a  variety  of  poor  and  rich 
lands,  with  large  meadows,  extending  beyond  the  reach  of  your  eyes,  variegated  with  groves  of  trees, 
appearing  like  islands  in  the  sea,  covered  with  buffaloes  and  other  game.  In  many  places,  witli  a  good 
glass,  you  may  see  all  those  that  (are)  on  their  feet  in  half  a  million  acres,  so  level  is  the  country,  which, 
some  future  day,  will  excel  in  cattle. 

"The  settlements  of  the  Illinois  commenced  about  one  hundred  years  ago  by  a  few  traders  from 
Canada.  My  reflections  on  that  head,  its  situation,  the  probability  of  a  flourishing  trade,  the  state  of 
the  country  at  present,  what  it  is  capable  of  producing,  my  opinion  respecting  the  cause  of  those  exten- 
sive plains,  etc.,  the  advantages  arising  by  strong  fortifications  and  settlements  at  the  mouth  of  Ohio, 
the  different  nations  of  Indians,  their  traditions,  numbers,  etc.,  you  may  expect  in  my  next." 

The  bloodless  conquest  of  our  western  wilderness  by  Clark  and  his  maintenance  of  a  masterful 
hold  upon  it  secured  the  United  States  all  the  country  north  of  the  Ohio  to  the  Great  Lakes  when  the 
Treaty  of  Paris  was  signed  four  years  later.     To  quote  English. 

"But  for  General  Clark's  services,  and  certainly  that  of  his  little  band  of  soldiers,  the  boundary  of 
the  states  in  the  northwest  might  have  been  the  crest  of  the  Alleghanies."  Dunn  says:  "Of  all  those 
who  preceded  or  followed  him.  La  Salle  is  the  only  one  who  can  be  compared  to  him  in  the  wonderful 
combinations  of  genius,  activity  and  courage  that  lifted  him  above  his  fellows." 


The  Northwest  Tei 


General  George  Washington 
55 


Chapter  VIII 


THE  defeat  of  Lord  Cornwallis  by  the  American  Army  under  Washington  and  Rochambeau  at  the 
battle  of  Yorktown,  October  19,  1781,  marked  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  Revokition  and  insured 
the  colonies  their  independence  forever. 

It  is  a  fact  well  worth  remembering  that  the  French  regular  troops  allied  with  us  in  this  battle 
under  Rochambeau,  were  greater  numerically  than  our  own  American  forces. 

A  definite  treaty  of  peace  concluded  between  England  and  America  on  September  3,  1783,  was  rati- 
fied by  Congress  in  January,  1784.  The  American  people  now  possessed  their  own  wide  territories  and 
a  future  bright  with  the  prospects  for  peace  and  progress. 

With  the  end  of  the  revolution  one  of  the  most  vexing  problems  facing  Congress  was  the  partitioning 
of  the  western  lands.  This  matter  had  been  a  much  discussed  issue  even  before  the  war  had  been  won. 
Everyone  of  the  thirteen  states  felt  they  were  entitled  to  some  part  of  the  undivided  area  lying  between  the 
Mississippi  River  and  the  Alleghany  Mountains  which  was  north  of  the  Ohio.  .A.mong  the  lands  claimed 
by  the  .State  of  Virginia  was  Vermilion  County.  \^irginia  based  her  claim  not  alone  on  the  strength  of 
her  Old  Charter,  but  upon  the  militar}'  achievements  of  George  Rogers  Clark.  Congress  soon  persuaded 
ever}-  state  that  it  was  for  the  good  of  all  to  relinquish  their  territorial  claims. 

Virginia  acquiesced  with  the  stipulation  that  her  ceded  territory  should  be  formed  into  "distinct 
republican  states,  and  admitted  members  of  the  Federal  Union,  having  the  same  rights  of  sovereignty, 
freedom  and  independence  as  the  other  states." 

By  1786,  Congress  had  acquired  title  to  all  lands  north  of  the  Ohio  owned  by  the  United  States. 

This  was  named  "the  Territon,-  West  of  the  Ohio  River."  Vermillion  County  thus  ceased  being  a 
part  even  in  name  of  the  -State  of  Virginia,  and  became  a  small  jiortion  of  the  \ast  inland  em[)ire  of  the 
"Northwest  Territorj-." 

It  was  a  curious  fact  that  Connecticut  once  owned  the  site  of  Chicago  and  that  Milwaukee  was  within 
the  confines  of  Massachusetts. 

The  great  state  paper  called  the  Ordinance  of  1781  has  well  been  called  the  "Magna  Charta  of  the 
Northwest."  It  stipulated  that  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  five  states  were  to  be  organized  within 
the  territory.  It  prohibited  slaven,-  forever  within  the  boundaries  of  the  territory.  The  government  of  the 
Northwest  territory  rested  in  the  hands  of  a  governor,  secretary-  and  three  judges  appointed  by  Congress. 
The  first  officers  were  .\rthur  St.  Clair,  governor;  Winthrop  Sargent,  secretary;  and  .Samuel  Holden 
Parsons,  James  Mitchell  Vamum  and  John  .Armstrong,  judges.  John  .Armstrong  declined  to  serve  ;  John 
Cleves  .Symmes  was  appointed  in  his  place. 

Marietta  was  selected  for  the  first  seat  of  government,  as  it  was  then  the  only  American  settlement  in 
the  territory.  On  July  9,  1788,  General  Arthur  St.  Clair  established  his  territorial  government  at  this 
place.  Harris,  in  his  journal  of  a  Tour  in  the  Northwest  Territory  said  that  he  visited  Marietta  in  1788, 
and  that  "besides  single  men  and  others  for  the  purpose  of  building  cabins  for  the  reception  of  their 
families;  about  twenty   families  had  arrived." 

Beckwith  says  "unfortunately,  the  Revolutionary  War  was  concluded  without  Great  T'ritain's  ha\ing 
made  any  provisions  for  her  Indian  allies,  who  continued  their  hostilities.  No  treaties  had  ever  been 
made  between  the  United  States  and  the  Wabash  tribes,  and  the  latter  continued  their  hostilities  upon  the 
people  of  Kentucky,  in  which  the  injuries  and  murders  seemed  to  have  been  reciprocal." 

The  raids  of  the  Kickapoos  upon  the  settlements  in  and  around  Kaskaskia  were  many  and  violent. 
After  capturing  or  killing  men,  women  and  children  in  that  part  of  Illinois,  they  would  swiftly  and 
silently  depart  back  to  their  villages  along  the  banks  of  the  Vermilion  and  Wabash  Rivers. 

Kentucky  too,  suffered  severely  from  murderous  Indian  assaults.  It  is  estimated  that  between  the 
years  1783  and  1790,  no  less  than  fifteen  hundred  persons  were  killed  and  cajitured  in  that  .State  and  adja- 
cent territor)',  and  upward  of  twenty  thousand  horses  and  other  ]iroperty.  estimated  at  $75,000,  were 
taken  or  destroyed  by  the  Indians. 

.^\ccording  to  Drake:  "These  atrocious  attacks  of  the  Indians  caused  the  appointment  of  General 
Josiah  Harmer,  then  commanding  at  Fort  Washington,  to  be  placed  at  the  head  of  a  force,  to  be  led 
against  the  Indians  on  the  Miami,  an  account  of  which,  in  the  next  place,  we  shall  proceed  to  give  in 
detail. 

"General  Harmer  was  considered  an  able  tactician,  and  was  an  officer  of  the  late  Revolution- 
ary army;  and  it  was  expected  that  he  would  find  little  difficulty  in  breaking  up  the  haunts  of 
the  Indians,  and  subduing  them,  if  they  attempted  to  meet  him  in  a  general  battle.  He  had  320 
regular  troops  put  under  him,  with  orders  to  call  upon  Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania  for  quotas  of 
militia  to  increase  his  force  of  1,500  men.  About  the  close  of  .September,  the  requisite  number 
of  men  having  arrived,  the  army  marched  from  Fort  Washington  for  the  Indian  countr\'.  Colonel 
Hardin  was  detached,  with  600  men.  with  orders  to  proceed  in  advance  of  the  main  body;  and, 
after  a  march  of  seventeen  days,  he   arrived  at  the  Great  Miami  \illage,   October  16.     He   found  it 

57 


■ 

^2 

■Hj 

i^L^i^H 

^1 

General  Josiah  Harmer 


deserted  and  in  flames.  It  was  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers — 
a  site  now  included  in  Allen  County,  Indiana.  About  live  acres  were  enclosed  by  pickets,  within  which 
the  army  encam[)ed.  In  the  buildings,  great  quantities  of  grain  were  discovered,  and,  on  further  search, 
abundance  more  was  found  in  holes  in  the  ground.  At  the  same  time,  a  detachment  of  300  men,  under 
Colonel  Trotter  and  Major  Rhea,  marched  out  upon  discover)'.  They  found  five  villages,  all  burnt,  and 
saw  about  thirty  Indians.  Thinking  these  a  decoy,  they  did  not  attack  them.  The  next  day,  which  was 
the  17th  of  October,  Major  Fontaine,  aid-de-camp  to  General  Harmer,  with  a  party  of  200  foot  and  about 
fifty  horsemen,  proceeded  to  find  Indians.  Numerous  signs  were  discovered,  and,  at  some  six  or  seven 
miles  from  camp,  he  fell  in  with  a  party,  and  was  defeated  with  a  loss  of  seventy  men.  Others  state 
that  there  were  but  170  men  in  all,  thirty  of  whom  were  regulars  under  Lieutenant  Armstrong  and 
Ensign  Hartshorn,  that  twenty-three  of  the  latter  were  killed  or  taken,  and  seven  escaped  by  flight. 
Lieutenant  Armstrong  saved  himself  by  plunging  into  a  slough,  and  remaining  most  of  the  night  up  to 
his  neck  in  mud  and  water.  Ensign  Hartshorn  made  an  equally  narrow  escape.  In  his  flight  he  stumb- 
led over  a  log,  which,  as  he  fell,  he  observed  contained  a  cavity  of  suflicient  magnitude  to  admit  his  body. 
He  crawled  into  it,  and  eventually  escaped  unobserved.  While  he  lay  in  the  hollow  tree,  he  witnessed 
from  a  knothole  the  burning  and  dreadful  torture  of  several  of  the  comrades  on  the  same  ground  where 
they  had  been  defeated.  Ensign  Hartshorn  is  believed  to  be  the  same  who  fell  afterwards  in  the  battle 
at  Fort  Recover}'. 

"Never  did  Indians  gain  a  more  complete  victor)',  and  never  was  a  plan  better  laid  to  insure  it. 
They  drew  the  army  after  them  by  their  trail ;  then,  dividing  themselves  into  two  parties,  marched  back, 
on  each  side  of  it,  to  a  heath  or  plain,  and  there  lay  concealed  in  the  bushes,  while  their  pursuers  came 
directly  into  the  snare.  'The  militia,'  General  Harmer  said,  'shamefully  and  cowardly  threw  away  their 
arms  and  ran,  without  scarcely  firing  a  gun,'  and  thus  the  regulars  were  left  to  fight  the  whole  force  of 
the  Indians,  which  could  not  have  been  less  than  a  thousand  warriors;  and  it  is  matter  of  surprise  how 
even  seven  of  the  whites  should  have  escaped. 

"This  defeat  was  on  the  17th  of  October,  and  the  next  day  Harmer  arrived  with  the  main  body  at 
the  great  Miami  village,  having  lost  several  of  his  scounting  parties  on  his  march.  Among  these  was 
Sergeant  Johonnet,  who  published  a  narrative  of  his  captivity,  after  his  escape,  which  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  of  the  kind. 

"We  are  at  a  great  loss  to  account  for  the  movements  the  general  next  made.  Why  he  began  a 
retreat  without  any  further  operations,  it  is  difficult  to  see.  Perhaps  he  had  decided  in  his  own  mind 
that  any  further  efforts  would  be  useless,  and,  without  holding  a  council  of  his  officers,  had  determined 
to  return  home.  If  such  was  his  resolution,  and  had  he  kept  it,  he  would  have  saved  many  valuable  lives, 
even  if  he  had  lost  his  reputation;  yet,  as  the  case  turned,  he  not  only  lost  his  reputation,  but  what  was  of 
far  greater  moment  to  the  country,  many  valuable  lives  with  it. 

"Whether  conscious  that  he  was  grossly  reprehensible  for  what  he  had  done,  or  not,  we  can  only  infer 
the  fact  from  the  circumstances,  for  he  gives  us  no  journal  of  his  marches  from  place  to  place,  and  we 
next  find  him  about  eight  miles  on  his  way  home,  on  the  evening  of  the  21st  of  October.  Here  he  made 
a  stand,  and  again  detached  Colonel  Hardin,  with  about  400  men,  of  whom  only  sixty  were  regulars, 
with  orders  to  return  to  the  great  Miami  villages,  which,  it  seemed,  the  general  had  already  been  informed, 
was  in  possession  of  the  Indians,  and  to  bring  on  an  engagement  with  them.  Under  Colonel  Hardin, 
went,  at  this  time.  Major  Wyllys  of  Connecticut,  Major  Fontaine,  Major  McMullen  and  Colonel  Hall. 
They  marched  in  the  course  of  the  same  night,  and  about  day,  on  the  22nd,  came  to  the  village  in  four 
divisions,  to  each  of  which  was  assigned  a  different  point  of  attack.  They  did  not  find  the  Indians  unjire- 
pared,  but  were  met  by  them  with  a  bravery  and  valor  not  to  be  overcome.  By  one  account,  it  is  said  the 
fight  lasted  three  hours,  that,  during  it,  Major  Mullen  drove  a  party  of  the  Indians  into  the  Miami. 
Major  Wyllys,  with  about  sixty  men,  was  cut  off  by  a  band  of  warriors,  who  came  upon  him  in  the  rear, 
under  cover  of  a  field  of  thick  hazels.  Major  Fontaine,  having  ordered  his  men  to  retreat,  himself,  'in 
a  frenzy  of  courage,'  rode  directly  back  into  the  thickest  of  the  enemy,  'cutting  and  slashing,'  till  he  was 
wounded,  and  carried  off  by  two  of  his  men,  but  he  was  overtaken,  killed,  and  scalped.  Major  Wyllys 
was  mortally  wounded.  He  requested  to  be  helped  upon  his  horse,  'that  he  might  give  them  another 
charge,'  but  in  the  hurr)'  of  retreat,  it  could  not  be  done,  and  Lieutenant  Frothingham,  of  his  command, 
was  left  among  the  slain. 

"A  retreat  was  made  in  tolerable  order,  and  because  the  whites  were  not  pursued,  Ilarnur  pretended 
to  claim  \ict(ir\!  I'.iit  Indians  will  never  leave  plunder  to  pursue  a  flying  foe,  who  h;is  left  all  Ijehind 
him. 

"There  fell  in  this  miserably  conducted  expedition,  214  men,  of  whom  183  were  killed  in  battle,  and 
thirty-one  wounded;  several  of  these  died  of  their  wounds.  The  i)roportion  of  officers  was  very  great; 
besides  those  already  named,  there  were  lost.  Captain  .Sharp,  .Scott  and  McMurty;  Lieutenants  Sanders, 
Worley,  Clark  and  Rogers;  Ensigns  Sweet,  Bridges,  Arnold,  Higgins  and  Threlkeld. 

"On  reviewing  the  conduct  of  General  Harmer  in  this  aff'air,  it  would  seem  that  he  was  either  crazy, 
or  utterly  devoid  of  judgment.  It  must  have  been  apparent  to  ever)'  subaltern  of  his  command,  that 
the  first  battle  with  the  Indians  had  not  only  increased  their  boldness,  liut  their  numbers  also.  Then,  at 
the  very  time,  the  troops  are  marched  off  the  ground,  leaving  them  in  full  triumph  ;  and  when  at  a  safe 

59 


distance  from  danger,  a  fifth  part  is  sent  back  into  the  very  jaws  of  destruction.  With  these  glaring 
facts  in  full  view,  it  is  difficult  to  comprehend  on  what  ground  a  court  martial  could  honorably  exon- 
erate General  Harmer  of  all  blame;  nor  is  it  any  easier  to  discover  how  he  could  have  been  acquitted 
of  unofficerlike  conduct  with  honor. 

"In  the  battles  with  the  Indians  during  this  e.Kpedition,  many  of  them  fought  on  horseback,  having 
their  horses  equipped  with  a  bunch  of  bells  hanging  down  the  left  side  of  their  heads,  and  two  narrow 
strips  of  red  and  white  cloth  as  a  sort  of  pendants.  The  Indians  themselves  were  painted  red  and  black, 
in  a  manner  'to  represent  spirits.'  Their  most  hideous  and  terrific  appearance,  added  to  the  noise  of  the 
bells  and  the  flapping  of  the  pendant  strips  of  cloth,  rendered  them  so  formidable  to  the  horses  of  the 
militia,  that  they  shrunk  back  in  dismay,  and  it  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  they  could  be  brought  to 
the  charge. 

"The  accounts  of  Harmer's  campaign  are  of  the  most  conflicting  character,  no  two  agreeing  in  its 
important  details.  His  official  account  of  it  is  one  of  the  most  meagre  documents  of  the  kind  to  be 
found  anywhere.  The  most  we  can  learn  from  it  is,  that  he  had  been  somewhere  to  fight  Indians, 
and  had  got  back  again  to  Fort  \\'ashington,  and  had  lost  183  men.  But  where,  or  when,  or  how  it  was 
done,  he  has  left  us  to  conjecture." 

The  horses  now  being  used  by  the  Indians  were  part  of  the  spoil  obtained  in  their  maurauding  raids 
upon  the  settlements. 

In  view  of  the  above  account  the  main  features  of  which  were  obtained  from  participants  in  the 
action,  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  General  Harmer  to  the  Secretary  of  War  is  interesting: 

"The  savages  and  traders,  who  were,  perhaps,  the  worst  savages  of  the  two,  had  evacuated  their 
towns,  and  burned  the  principal  village  called  the  Omee,  together  with  all  the  traders'  houses.  This  vil- 
lage lay  on  a  pleasant  point,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  rivers  Omee  and  St.  Joseph.  It  was  situated 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  latter,  opposite  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary,  and  had  for  a  long  time  past  been  the 
rendezvous  of  a  set  of  Indian  desperadoes,  who  infested  the  settlements,  and  stained  the  Ohio  and  parts 
adjacent  with  the  blood  of  defenseless  inhabitants.  This  day  we  advanced  nearly  the  same  distance,  and 
kept  nearly  the  same  course  as  yesterday;  we  encamped  within  six  miles  of  the  object,  and  on  Sunday, 
the  17th,  entered  the  ruins  of  the  Omee  town,  or  French  village,  as  part  of  it  is  called.  .A.ppearances 
confirmed  accounts  I  had  received  of  the  consternation  into  which  the  savages  and  their  trading  allies 
had  been  thrown  by  the  approach  of  the  army.  Many  valuables  of  the  traders  were  destroyed  in  the  con- 
fusion, and  vast  quantities  of  corn  and  other  grain  and  \egetables  were  secreted  in  holes  dug  in  the 
earth,  and  other  hiding  places.     Colonel  Hardin  rejoined  the  army. 

"Besides  the  town  of  Omee,  there  were  several  other  villages  situate  upon  the  banks  of  three  rivers. 
One  of  them,  belonging  to  the  Omee  Indians,  called  Kegiogue,  was  standing  and  contained  thirty  houses 
on  the  bank  opposite  the  principal  village.  Two  others,  consisting  together  of  about  forty-five  houses, 
lay  a  few  miles  up  the  St.  Marj''s,  and  were  inhabited  by  the  Delawares.  Thirty-six  houses  occu- 
pied by  other  savages  of  this  tribe  formed  another,  but  scattered  town,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  St.  Joseph, 
two  or  three  miles  north  from  the  French  village.  About  the  same  distance  down  the  Omee  River,  lay  the 
Shawnee  town  of  Chillicothe,  consisting  of  fifty-eight  houses,  opposite  which,  on  the  other  bank  of  the 
river,  were  sixteen  more  habitations,  belonging  to  savages  of  the  same  nation.  All  these  I  ordered  to  be 
burned  during  my  stay  there,  together  with  great  quantities  of  corn  and  vegetables  hidden  as  at  the  prin- 
cipal village,  in  the  earth  and  other  places  by  savages,  who  had  abandoned  them.  It  is  computed  that 
there  were  no  less  than  twenty  thousand  bushels  of  corn,  in  the  ear.  which  the  army  either  consumed  or 
destroyed." 

Omee  village  in  this  letter  of  General  Harmer's  stands  for  Miami  village,  and  when  he  speaks  of 
the  Omee  Indians,  he  means  the  Miami  Indians. 

The  Indians  were  encouraged  and  emboldened  by  their  success  in  so  easily  causing  a  defeat  of  the 
American  forces  under  General  Harmer.  The  raids  against  the  American  settlements  now  continued 
in  greater  violence  and  audacity  than  before.  The  border  settlements  pleaded  and  begged  for  help  and 
protection.  President  Washington  demanded  that  Congress  take  immediate  and  efficient  action  to  check 
these  depredations.  General  St.  Clair,  governor  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  received  his  orders  to  raise 
an  army  with  the  object  of  bringing  jieace  to  the  settlement  and  retribution  to  the  Indians.  The  Indians 
against  whom  this  expedition  was  to  be  especially  directed  were  the  Miami.  The  Miami  at  this  period 
were  under  the  leadership  of  Mishikinakwa,  better  known  as  Little-Turtle.  This  famous  Indian  being 
fully  acquainted  with  the  prejiarations  being  made  by  St.  Clair  bided  his  time.  St.  Clair  arriving  on  May 
15,  1791,  at  Fort  Washington,  later  known  as  Cincinnati,  made  this  post  his  headquarters. 

While  General  St.  Clair  was  occupied  in  recruiting  his  army  and  preparing  for  his  invasion  into 
the  Indian  country,  two  other  American  forces  endeavored  by  the  force  of  arms  to  establish  quiet  and 
security  along  the  frontier,  (ieneral  Charles  Scott,  in  June,  1791,  burned  a  number  of  Indian  villages 
near  LaFayette  and  seized  and  carried  away  many  women  and  children.  He  took  them  to  Cincinnati 
or  Fort  Washington,  as  it  was  then  known,  and  held  them  there  as  prisoners  of  war.  General  Wilken- 
son  later  in  the  summer  of  the  same  year,  spread  devastation  among  the  Indians  residing  near  the  pres- 
ent site  of  Logansport.    At  this  point  there  was  a  Wea  village  which  he  totally  destroyed  and  burned. 


General  Arthur  St.  Clai 


The  Kickapoo  villages  on  the  west  side  of  the  Wabash  received  the  same  treatment.     He  also  brought 
back  with  him  many  women  and  children. 

The  armies  of  Scott  and  W'ilkenson  did  much  damage  to  the  homes  and  possessions  of  the  Indians, 
but  put  very  little  fear  in  their  hearts.    These  two  expeditions  were  in  reality  nothing  but  raids  of  retalia- 
tion.    The  government  at  Washington  had  ex- 
pected no  great  results  to  follow  in  their  wake,  "~~  ^  _ 
but  with  General  St.  Clair  it  was  different.    Pres-  ^^ 
ident  Washington  fully  expected  that  he  would 
deal  such  a  crushing  bloav   to  the   Indians   that 
they  would  forevermore  acknowledge  the  power 
and  prestige  of  the  American  Republic. 

"A  good  description  of  St.  Clair  disastrous 
campaign  is  given  by  Drake : 

"Colonel  Drake  proceeded  immediately  on 
his  arrival,  which  was  about  the  end  of  August, 
and  built  Fort  Hamilton,  on  the  Miami,  in  the 
country  of  Little-Turtle,  and  soon  after  Fort 
Jefferson  was  built,  forty  miles  farther  onward. 
These  two  forts  being  left  manned,  about  the 
end  of  October,  the  army  advanced,  being  about 
2,000  strong,  militia  included,  whose  numbers 
were  not  inconsiderable,  as  will  appear  by  the 
miserable  manner  in  which  they  not  only  con- 
fused themselves,  but  the  regular  soldiers  also.  *'"*'■"    -"■"  °™''  on  the  ste  of  cncv  at 

"General  St.  Clair  had  advanced  but  about  si\  miles  m  front  ot  Fort  letter  on  when  si\t\  ot  his 
militia,  from  pretended  dissatisfaction,  commenced  a  retreat  and  it  was  di  co\ered  that  the  e  il  had 
spread  considerably  among  the  rest  of  the  army.  Being  feartul  the>  would  seize  upon  the  con\o\  ot 
provisions,  the  general  ordered  Colonel  Hamtramk  to  pursue  them  with  his  regiment  and  torce  them  to 
return.  The  army  now  consisted  of  but  1,400  effective  men,  and  this  was  the  number  attacked  by  Little- 
Turtle  and  his  warriors  fifteen  miles  from  the  Miami  villages. 

Colonel  Butler  commanded  the  right  wing,  and  Colonel  Drake  the  left.  The  militia  were  posted  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  advance,  and  were  encamped  in  two  lines.  They  had  not  finished  securing  their 
baggage,  when  they  were  attacked  in  their  camp.  It  was  their  intention  to  have  marched  immediately  to 
the  destruction  of  the  Miami  villages.  Of  this  their  movements  appraised  the  Indians,  who  acted  with 
great  w'isdom  and  firmness.  They  fell  upon  the  militia  before  sunrise,  November  4,  who  at  once  fled  into 
the  main  camp,  in  the  most  disorderly  and  tumultuous  manner;  many  of  them,  having  thrown  away  their 
guns,  were  pursued  and  slaughtered.  At  the  main  camp  the  fight  was  sustained  some  time,  by  the  great 
exertions  of  the  officers,  but  with  great  inequality ;  the  Indians  under  Little-Turtle  amounting  to  about 
1,500  warriors.  Colonels  Darke  and  Butler,  and  Major  Clark,  made  several  successful  charges,  which 
enabled  them  to  save  some  of  their  numbers  by  checking  the  enemy  while  flight  was  more  practicable. 

"Of  the  Americans,  593  were  killed  and  missing,  besides  thirty-eight  officers ;  and  242  soldiers  and 
twent>'-one  officers  were  wounded,  many  of  whom  died.  Colonel  Butler  was  among  the  slain.  The 
account  of  his  fall  is  shocking.  He  was  severly  wounded,  and  left  on  the  ground.  The  well-known  and 
infamous  Simon  Girty  came  up  to  him  and  observed  him  writhing  under  severe  pain  from  his  wounds. 
Girty  knew^  and  spoke  to  him.  Knowing  that  he  could  not  live,  the  colonel  begged  of  Girty  to  put  an  end 
to  his  misery.  This  he  refused  to  do,  but  turned  to  an  Indian,  whom  he  told  that  the  officer  was  the 
commander  of  the  army;  upon  which  he  drove  his  tomahawk  into  his  head.  A  number  of  others  then 
came  around,  and  after  taking  off  his  scalp,  they  took  out  his  heart,  and  cut  it  into  as  many  pieces  as 
there  were  tribes  in  the  action,  and  divided  it  among  them.  All  manner  of  brutal  acts  were  committed 
on  the  bodies  of  the  slain.  It  need  not  be  mentioned  for  the  information  of  the  obser\er  of  Indian 
affairs,  that  land  was  the  main  cause  of  this  as  well  as  most  other  wars  between  the  Indians  and  whites ; 
and  hence  it  was  very  easy  to  account  for  the  Indians  filling  the  mouths  of  the  slain  with  earth  after  this 
battle.  It  was  actually  the  case,  as  reported  by  those  who  shortly  after  visited  the  scene  of  action  and 
buried  the  dead. 

"General  St.  Clair  was  called  to  account  for  the  disastrous  issue  of  this  campaign,  and  was  hon- 
orably acquitted.  He  published  a  narrative  in  vindication  of  his  conduct,  which,  at  this  day,  few  will 
think  it  required.  What  he  says  of  his  retreat  we  will  give  in  his  own  w^ords.  'The  retreat  was,  you 
may  be  sure,  a  precipitate  one;  it  was  in  fact  a  flight.  The  camp  and  the  artillery  were  abandoned,  but 
that  was  unavoidable,  for  not  a  horse  w-as  left  alive  to  have  drawn  it  off,  had  it  otherwise  been  practi- 
cable. But  the  most  disgraceful  part  of  the  business  is,  that  the  greatest  part  of  the  men  threw  away 
their  arms  and  accoutrements,  even  after  the  pursuit,  which  continued  about  four  miles,  had  ceased.  I 
found  the  road  strewed  with  them  for  many  miles,  but  was  not  about  to  remedy  it,  for,  having  had  all 
my  horses  killed,  and  being  mounted  upon  one  that  could  not  be  pricked  out  of  a  walk,  I  could  not  get 

62 


forward  myself,  and  the  orders  I  sent  forward,  either  to  halt  the  front,  or  prevent  the  men  from  parting 
with  their  arms,  were  unattented  to." 

The  remnant  of  the  army  arrived,  at  Fort  Jefterson  the  same  day,  just  before  sunset,  the  place  from 
which  they  fled  being  twenty-nine  miles  distant.  General  St.  Clair  did  everything  that  a  brave  general 
could  do.  He  exposed  himself  to  every  danger,  having,  during  the  action,  eight  bullets  shot  through  his 
clothes.  In  no  attack  related  in  our  records,  did  the  Indians  discover  greater  bravery  and  determination. 
After  giving  the  first  fire,  they  rushed  forward  with  tomahawk  in  hand.  Their  loss  was  inconsiderable; 
but  the  traders  afterwards  learned  among  them  that  Little-Turtle  had  150  killed  and  many  wounded. 
"They  rushed  on  the  artillery,  heedless  of  their  fire,  and  took  two  pieces  in  an  instant.  They  were  again 
retaken  by  our  troops,  and  whenever  the  army  charged  them,  they  were  seen  to  give  way,  and  advance 
again  as  soon  as  they  began  to  retreat,  doing  great  execution,  both  in  the  retreat  and  advance.  They 
are  very  dextrous  in  covering  themselves  with  trees;  many  of  them,  however,  fell,  both  of  the  infantry 
and  artillery.  Six  or  eight  pieces  of  artillery  fell  into  their  hands,  with  about  400  horses,  all  the  bag- 
gage, ammunition  and  provisions." 

"Whether  the  battle-ground  of  General  St.  Clair  was  visited  by  the  whites  previous  to  1793  I  do 
not  learn,  but  in  December  of  that  year  a  detachment  of  General  Wayne's  army  went  to  the  place,  and  the 
account  given  of  its  appearance  is  most  truly  melancholy.  This  detachment  was  ordered  to  build  a  fort 
there,  which  having  done,  it  was  called  Fort  Recovery.  Within  a  space  of  about  350  yards  were  found 
500  skull  bones,  the  most  of  which  were  gathered  up  and  buried.  For  about  five  miles  in  the  direction 
of  the  retreat  of  the  army  the  woods  were  strewed  with  skeletons  and  muskets.  The  two  brass  cannon, 
which  composed  St.  Clair's  artillery,  one  a  three,  and  the  other  a  six-pounder,  were  found  in  a  creek 
adjacent." 

St.  Clair's  defeat  excepting  that  of  Braddock's,  was  the  most  stunning  and  severe  ever  administered 
by  the  Indians.  Washington  was  at  Philadelphia  when  the  news  of  this  appalling  disaster  reached  him. 
The  President's  feelings  in  regard  to  what  was  then  considered  a  national  calamity,  is  described  by  Rush. 

"Washington  in  the  agony  of  his  emotion  struck  his  clenched  hands  with  fearful  force  against  his 
forehead,  and  in  a  paroxysm  of  anguish  exclaimed:  'It's  all  over!  St.  Clair's  defeated — routed;  the 
officers  mostly  all  killed  —  the  men  by  wholesale — that  brave  army  cut  to  pieces — the  rout  complete ! 
Too  shocking  to  think  of — and  a  surprise  in  the  bargain!'  He  uttered  all  this  with  great  vehemence! 
Then  he  paused  and  walked  about  the  room  several  times,  agitated,  but  saying  nothing.  Near  the  door 
he  stopped  short  and  stood  still  a  few  seconds ;  then  turning  to  the  secretary,  who  stood  amazed  at  the 
spectacle  of  Washington  in  all  his  wrath,  he  again  broke  forth: 

"  '^'es,  sir.  Here,  in  this  very  room,  on  this  verj'  spot,  I  took  leave  of  him;  I  wished  him  success 
and  honor.  You  have  your  instructions,'  I  said,  'from  Secretary  of  War;  I  had  a  strict  eye  to  them, 
and  will  add  but  one  word — beware  of  a  surprise !  I  repeat  it — beware  oif  a  surprise  I  You  know  how 
the  Indians  fight  us.  He  went  ofif  w-ith  that  as  my  last  solemn  warning  thrown  into  his  ears.  And  yet  to 
suffer  that  army  cut  to  pieces,  hacked  by  a  surprise — the  very  thing  I  guarded  him  against!  O,  God! 
O,  God!  He's  worse  than  murdered!  How  can  he  answer  it  to  his  country?  The  blood  of  the  slain 
is  upon  him — the  curse  of  widows  and  orphans — the  curse  of  heaven ! 

"Presently  the  roused  chief  sat  down  on  the  sofa  once  more.  He  seemed  conscious  of  his  passion, 
and  uncomfortable.  He  was  silent;  his  wrath  began  to  subside.  He  at  length  said,  in  an  altered  voice: 
'This  must  not  go  beyond  this  room.'  Another  pause  followed — a  longer  one — when  he  said  in  a  tone 
quite  low:  'General  St.  Clair  shall  have  justice.  1  looked  hastily  through  the  dispatches — saw  the  whole 
disaster,  but  not  all  the  particulars.  I  will  hear  him  without  prejudice:  he  shall  ha\e  full  justice;  yes, 
long,  faithful  and  meritorious  services  have  their  claims.'  " 

The  .'\merican  government  at  this  time  was  none  too  strong  financially  and  it  was  a  severe  hardship 
and  burden  to  raise  sufficient  money  to  put  another  army  in  the  field  against  the  Indians.  St.  Clair 
having  resigned  his  commission.  General  Wavne  was  given  command  of  all  troojis  in  the  Northwest 
Territory. 

Wiiile  Wa_\'ne  was  recruiting  and  gathering  together  an  army,  efforts  were  made  b\'  the  govern- 
naent   lo  establish  by  treaties   friendly  relations  with  the  Wabash  tribes. 

General  Putnam  was  assigned  for  the  task.  General  Putnam  was  then  living  at  Marietta,  Ohio, 
where  he  had  established  a  colony  composed  mostly  of  Massachusetts  people.  He  endeavored  to  induce 
the  Indians  to  send  representatives  to  Philadelphia  or  Fort  Washington  to  negotiate  treaties  of  peace 
and  friendshi]).  The  Indians  declined  to  do  this,  but  grudgingly  agreed  to  meet  Putnam  at  \'in- 
cennes. 

Leaving  Fort  Washington  on  the  26th  of  August,  1792,  accompanied  by  the  Moravian  missionary. 
John  Heckwelder,  he  started  out  for  Vincennes.  He  took  with  him  all  the  surviving  Indian  prisoners 
captured  at  the  W'ea  towns  the  year  before  by  General  Scott  and  General  Wilkinson.  His  party  was 
composed  of  about  140  persons.  Heckwelder  says,  that  as  they  approached  Vincennes,  the  Indians  were 
assembled  upon  the  banks  of  the  river  and  when  they  saw  their  friends  approaching,  "they  discharged 
their  guns  in  token  of  joy,  and  sang  the  praises  of  their  friends  in  tunes  peculiar  to  themselves." 

63 


Putnam  at  once  freed  his  captives  which  were  composed  mostly  of  women  and  children,  accom- 
panying this  act  with  a  suitable  speech.  For  the  next  ten  days  the  representative  of  the  neighboring 
Indian  nations  arrived  daily.  On  the  morning  of  the  24th  the  grand  council  was  opened  with  the  fol- 
lowing tribes  being  represented  by  chiefs : 

Eel   Creek,   \\'ea,    Pottawatomie,    Mascoutin,   Kickapoo,  Pyankeshaw,  Kaskaskia  and  Peoria  tribes. 

Beckwith  says :  "General  Putnam  assured  the  assembled  chiefs  that  the  United  States  desired 
peace ;  that  ample  time  and  opportunity  would  be  given  to  them  all  to  talk  with  the  United  States  about 
all  that  had  happened ;  to  settle  all  old  scores  and  to  begin  anew.  An  answer  was  deferred  until  the  next 
day,  when  the  council  was  again  convened,  at  which  the  speakers  chosen  to  reply  on  behalf  of  their 
respective  tribes  rose  up  in  succession,  and  spoke  upon  strings — i.  e.,  giving  presents — of  wampum.  The 
drift  of  their  speeches  was  that  the  whites  should  not  take  their  land,  but  remain  on  the  east  and  south 
side  of  the  Ohio,  letting  that  river  be  the  mutual  boundarj-.  Their  speeches  were  not  clear,  and  General 
Putnam  requested  a  more  definite  answer,  with  which  they  gratified  him  in  the  afternoon.  Among  other 
things,  the  Indian  speakers  stated  'that  they  did  not  wish  to  live  too  near  the  white  people,  as  there  were 
bad  person  on  both  sides ;  that  they  wished  to  trade  with  us,  and  concluded  with  a  request  that  the  French 
dwelling  in  the  vicinity  of  Vincennes  might  not  be  deprived  of  the  lands  which  had  been  given  them  by 
the  forefathers  of  the  speakers  in  times  past." 

After  much  discussion  the  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  and  signed  on  September  27,  1792.  This 
was  the  first  treaty  ever  entered  into  between  the  United  States  and  the  several  Wabash  tribes.  It  was 
a  treaty  of  "peace  and  friendship"  only.  The  Journal  of  General  Putnam  gives  the  following  account 
of  the  end  of  this  conference.  After  having  signed  the  article  of  treaty  General  Putnam  arose  and 
deli\  ered  the  following  speech  to  the  assembled  Indians : 

"Brothers,  listen  to  what  I  say:  W'e  have  been  for  some  days  past  industriously  engaged  in  a  good 
work,  namely,  in  establishing  peace,  and  we  have  happily  succeeded,  through  the  influence  of  the  Great 
Spirit. 

"Brothers,  we  have  wiped  ofif  the  blood — we  ha\e  buried  the  hatchet  on  both  sides;  and  all  that  is 
past  shall  be  forgotten.     (Takes  up  the  belts). 

"Brothers,  this  is  the  belt  of  peace,  which  I  now  present  to  you  in  the  name  of  the  United  States. 
This  belt  shall  be  the  evidence  of,  and  our  pledge  for,  the  performance  of  the  articles  of  the  treaty  of 
peace,  which  we  have  concluded  between  the  United  States  and  your  tribes  this  day. 

"Brothers,  whenever  you  look  on  this,  remember  that  there  is  a  perpetual  peace  and  friendship  be- 
tween you  and  us,  and  that  you  are  now  under  the  protection  of  the  United  States. 

"Brothers,  we  both  hold  this  belt  in  our  hands — here,  at  this  end,  the  United  States  holds  it,  and  you 
hold  it  by  the  other  end.  The  road,  you  see,  is  broad,  level  and  clear.  We  may  now  pass  to  one  another 
easy  and  without  difficulty.  Brothers,  the  faster  we  hold  this  belt  the  happier  we  shall  be.  Our  women 
and  children  will  have  no  occasion  to  be  afraid  any  more.  Our  young  men  will  obser\'e  that  their  wise 
men  performed  a  good  work. 

"Brothers,  be  all  strong  in  that  which  is  good.  Abide  all  in  this  path,  young  and  old,  and  you  will 
enjoy  the  sweetness  of  peace." 

Heckwelder  relates  that  upon  the  completion  of  the  treaty,  General  Putnam  fired  eight  cannon  and 
then  all  repaired  to  the  council  house,  where  "all  the  Indians  performed  a  dance  in  the  council  house,  to 
express  their  rejoicings  at  the  peace.  Each  nation  was  painted  in  a  different  style,  and  all  took  the  utmost 
])ains  to  make  themselves  appear  as  fierce  and  terrific  as  possible.  They  commenced  by  proceeding,  with 
drums  and  singing,  through  all  the  streets  of  the  town;  they  then  adjourned  to  the  council  house,  where 
they  sung  and  related  their  warlike  deeds.  The  figures  and  grimaces  which  they  made  during  this  dance, 
the  disfigured  and  ferocious  countenances,  the  instruments  of  war  they  whirled  about,  with  which  they 
dealt  blows  upon  the  posts  and  benches,  the  rattling  of  deer's  claws  about  their  legs,  the  green  garlands 
about  their  necks  and  waists,  and  their  naked  bodies,  presented  a  scene  which  I  am  unalile  to  describe. 
All,  however,  passed  off  in  an  orderly  manner,  at  least  in  their  way." 

Among  the  prominent  chiefs  assisting  in  the  treaty  at  Mncennes  was  the  Pottawatomie  chief,  Kesis, 
or  as  he  is  sometimes  called  "The  Sun."  Kesis  was  an  Indian  orator  of  unusual  force  and  power.  His 
history  bears  directly  upon  the  history  of  Vermilion  County,  as  his  home  was  the  mixed  village  of  Kick- 
apoos  and  Pottawatomies,  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  \'ermilion  River,  and  his  final  resting  place  was 
the  old  burying  grounds  of  the  Kickapoos,  located  farther  up  the  same  river.  Although  the  treaty  of 
Vincennes  was  considered  a  step  in  the  right  direction,  to  procure  permanent  peace,  nevertheless,  neither 
the  government  at  Philadelphia  nor  the  settlers  themselves  put  much  confidence  in  it.  The  treaty  lacked 
strength  in  that  it  did  not  represent  the  sentiment  of  the  majority  of  the  Indian  tribes.  General  Wayne 
did  not  cease  his  preparations  for  providing  protection  for  the  frontiers  and  the  Indians  forgetting  all 
about  the  peaceful  promises  at  Vincennes  and  remembering  only  their  easy  conquest  of  Harmer  and  St. 
Clair,  started  their  raids  and  murders  anew.  By  this  time  though  \\ayne  was  ready  to  cope  with  them. 
Drake  says : 

64 


"After  building  Fort  Greenville,  upon  the  Miami,  six  miles  above  Fort  Jefferson,  General  Wayne 
took  possession  of  the  ground  where  General  St.  Clair  had  been  defeated,  and  there  erected  a  fort,  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  of  Recovers-,  in  which  the  army  spent  the  winter  of  1793-4.  Many  censures 
were  passed  upon  the  general  for  his  slow  progress,  but  he  knew  much  better  what  he  was  doing  than 
newspaper  v.  riters  did  what  they  were  writing,  when  they  undertook  to  censure  him,  as  the  event  proved. 

"It  was  the  8th  of  August,  1794.  when  the  army  arrived  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Au  Glaize 
and  Maumee.  where  they  built  Fort  Defiance.  It  was  the  general's  design  to  have  met  the  enemy  un- 
prepared in  this  move ;  but  a  fellow  deserted  his  camp,  and  notified  the  Indians.  He  now  tried  again  to 
bring  them  to  an  accommodation,  and  from  the  answers  which  he  received  from  them,  it  was  some  tinie 
revolved  in  his  mind,  whether  they  were  for  peace  or  war,  so  artful  was  the  manner  in  which  their 
replies  were  formed.  At  length,  being  fully  satisfied,  he  marched  down  the  Maumee,  and  arrived  at  the 
rapids,  August  18.  two  days  before  the  battle.  His  army  consisted  of  upwards  of  3,000  men.  2.000  of 
whom  the  regulars.  Fort  Deposit  was  erected  at  this  place,  for  the  security  of  their  supplies.  They  now 
set  out  to  meet  the  enemy,  who  had  chosen  his  position  upon  the  bank  of  the  river,  with  much  judg- 
ment. They  had  a  breastwork  of  fallen  trees  in  front,  and  the  high  rocky  shore  of  the  river  gave  them 
much  security,  as  also  did  the  thick  wood  of  Presque  Isle.  Their  force  was  divided,  and  disposed  at 
supporting  distances  for  about  two  miles.  When  the  Americans  had  arrived  at  proper  distance,  a  body 
was  sent  out  to  begin  the  attack,  'with  orders  to  rouse  the  enemy  from  their  covert  with  the  bayonet ; 
and  when  up.  to  deliver  a  close  fire  upon  their  backs,  and  press  them  so  hard  as  not  to  give  them  time 
to  reload.'  This  order  was  so  well  executed,  and  the  battle  at  the  point  of  attack,  so  short,  that  only 
about  900  Americans  participated  in  it.  But  they  pursued  the  Indians  with  great  slaughter  through  the 
woods  to  Fort  Maumee,  where  the  carnage  ended.  The  Indians  were  so  unexpectedly  driven  from  their 
stronghold,  that  their  numbers  only  increased  their  distress  and  confusion,  and  the  cavaln,-  made  horrible 
havoc  among  them  with  their  long  sabres.  Of  the  Americans,  there  were  killed  and  wounded  about 
130.  The  loss  of  the  Indians  could  not  be  ascertained,  but  must  have  been  very  severe.  The  American 
loss  was  chiefly  at  the  commencement  of  the  action,  as  they  advanced  upon  the  mouths  of  the  Indians' 
rifles,  who  could  not  be  seen  until  they  had  discharged  upon  them.  They  maintained  their  coverts  but  a 
short  time,  being  forced  in  everj-  direction  by  the  bayonet.  But  until  that  was  effected,  the  Americans 
fell  fast,  and  we  only  wonder  that  men  could  be  found  thus  to  advance  in  the  face  of  certain  death." 

Little-Turtle  was  in  command  of  the  Miami  and  it  was  against  his  advice  that  the  Indians  met 
Wayne  in  battle.     In  the  council  the  night  before  the  attack  took  place,  Little-Turtle  spoke  as  follows : 

"We  have  beaten  the  enemy  twice  under  separate  commanders.  We  cannot  expect  the  same  good 
fortune  always  to  attend  us.  The  Americans  are  now  led  by  a  chief  who  never  sleeps ;  the  night  and 
the  day  are  alike  to  him.  And  during  all  the  time  that  he  has  been  marching  upon  our  villages,  notwith- 
standing the  watchfulness  of  our  young  men.  we  have  never  been  able  to  surprise  him.  Think  well  of 
it.    There  is  something  whispers  to  me,  it  would  be  prudent  to  listen  to  his  offers  of  peace." 

His  advice  was  not  followed,  war  to  the  finish  was  decided  upon.  The  Shawanese  chief.  Bluejacket, 
held  the  chief  Indian  command  in  this  battle.  He  was  extremely  cruel  and  impetuous,  and  lacked  the 
cool,  calculating  judgment  possessed  by  Little-Turtle. 

The  different  Indian  nations  greatly  disheartened,  decided  to  behave  and  cease  their  gruesome 
attacks  and  dwell  in  peace  and  harmony  with  their  neighbors.  The  chiefs  of  twehe  tribes  met  at  Fort 
Greenville,  August  3,  1795,  and  concluded  the  famous  treaty  of  Greenville. 

The  settlements  of  the  northwest  were  now  to  be  safe  from  organized  Indian  warfare  for  many  years 
to  come.  It  was  unreasonable  to  expect  that  every  form  of  Indian  depredation  should  cease,  and  they 
were  yet  to  experience  spasmodic  raids  and  murders  from  time  to  time.  These,  nevertheless,  grew  less 
frequent  as  the  years  rolled  by. 


General  William  H.  Harrison 
First  Governor  of  Indiana  Territory 


Chapter  IX 


THE  northwest  owes  its  discovery  and  exploration  to  the  i)eople  from  the  nortli.  but  its  settlement 
and  expansion  was  destined  to  come  from  the  east  and  southeast.  With  the  resentful  but  sub- 
dued submission  of  the  Indians,  immigration  with  increasing  confidence  began  to  flow  into  the 
territories  north  of  the  Ohio  River.  With  the  settlement  of  parts  of  the  northwest  territory  now  an  actual 
fact  and  with  the  certainty  that  this  influx  of  population  was  bound  to  increase,  it  was  necessan,-  that  the 
government  of  the  territory  should  be  reorganized  to  meet  the  issue.  By  1800,  that  section  of  the  west 
which  now  comprises  the  state  of  Ohio,  had  nearly  the  required  number  of  60,000  people  necessary  to 
its  controlling  its  own  territorial  government.   On  May  7,  1800,  Congress  passed  an  act  to  go  in  eiYect  July 

4,  1801,  that  all  the  section  of  the  northwest 
lerrildry  situated  "to  the  westward  of  a  line 
l.(_,L;innnig  at  the  Ohio,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
the  Kentucky  River,  and  running  from  thence 
to  Fort  Recovery,  and  thence  north  until  it 
shall  intersect  the  territorial  line  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  shall,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  temporary  government,  constitute  a 
separate  territory,  to  be  called  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory." The  country  east  of  this  line  retained 
the  title,  "Territory  Northwest  of  the  Ohio 
River,"  and  General  St.  Clair  still  remained  as 
go\ernor  of  the  Northwest  territory'.  The 
small  section  of  the  west  now  known  as  Ver- 
million County  was  in  1800,  a  part  of  Indiana 
Territory.  The  first  governor  of  Indiana  ter- 
ritory was  General  William  H.  Harrison.  At 
the  time  of  his  appointment  he  was  represent- 
ing the  northwest  as  its  delegate  in  Congress. 
The  first  Secretary'  of  Indiana  Territoni'  was 
John  Gibson. 

\  incennes  was  selected  as  the  capital  for 
Indiana  Territory^  and  here  Governor  Harri- 
son established  his  seat  of  government  in  1801. 
Harrison  was  eminently  fitted  for  the  office  he 
held  by  his  previous  experiences.  He  had 
served  as  an  ensign  under  Governor  St.  Clair 
1801  and  had  later  acted  as  aid-de-camp  to  General 

Wayne.  It  was  during  Wayne's  successful 
campaigns  against  the  Indians  that  Harrison  particularly  distinguished  himself  as  an  officer  of  undaunted 
courage  and  keen  judginent.  He  had  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  Indian  temperament  which  asset 
was  to  be  invaluable  to  him  in  the  years  to  come.  With  this  strong,  forceful  and  resourceful  man  at  the 
Helm,  Indiana  Territory  took  its  place  among  the  organized  units  of  the  Union. 

In  November  29,  1802,  the  title  "Territory  Northwest  of  the  Oliio  l\i\er"  disappears  from  our 
maps  forever,  and  the  state  of  Ohio  takes  its  place.  With  the  admission  of  Ohio  as  a  state,  the  penin- 
sula of  Michigan  which  with  Ohio  had  previously  formed  the  Northwest  Territory,  now  became  attached 
to  Indiana  Territory.  On  the  11th  of  Januar)-,  1805,  Indiana  Territory'  was  again  divided  and  Michigan 
Territory  was  formed,  with  Detroit  as  its  capital  and  General  \\"illiam  Hull  as  its  first  governor. 

Since  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  in  1796,  the  Indians  had  not  disturbed  the  Northwest  in  its  raiiid 
strides  of  progress.  Resentful  and  sullen  they  watched  the  continual  advance  of  the  white  man  over 
their  lands.  But  although  their  attitude  was  not  friendly,  nevertheless,  collectively,  they  had  not  rebelled. 
They  hated  to  see  their  country  taken  away  from  them,  but  the  memory  of  past  defeats  tended  to  con- 
vince them  that  there  was  nothing  they  could  do  to  prexent  it.  But  a  combination  of  superstition,  per- 
sonal ambition  and  foreign  interest  was  now  destined  to  hamj)er  the  jirogress  of  the  Northwest  and  to 
sadden  the  settlements  with  border  welfare  for  years  to  come. 

A  Prophet  appeared  among  the  Indians  predicting  Indian  supremacy.  He  aroused  in  their  super- 
stitious souls  a  spirit  of  revenge  and  revolt.  Unfortunately  with  the  advent  of  the  Prophet  a  cunning 
and  capable  Indian  leader  also  arose.  Just  as  Pontiac  in  1763,  used  the  visions  of  the  Delaware  sooth- 
sayer to  farther  his  own  ends  so  did  Tecumseh  now  utilize  the  all-inspiring  utterances  of  the  Prophet 
to  consolidate  the  different  Indian  sections  into  an  organized  revolt.  But  Tecumseh  was  better  able  to 
sway  the  Indian  mind  than  Pontiac,  as  the  Prophet  in  this  case  was  his  own  brother.    Tecumseh  saw  to 


it  that  his  brother,  the  Prophet,  predicted  noth- 
ins,^  but  what  would  benefit  Tecuinseh  person- 
ally and  his  plans  generally.  Backed  up  by 
this  oracle,  the  influence  of  Tecumseh  gained 
constantly. 

Hatred,  revenge  and  plunder  were  the 
principal  causes  of  all  the  vicious  raids  made 
by  the  Indians  upon  the  settlements. 

If  they  had  killed,  burned  and  despoiled, 
they  slunk  away  satisfied.  They  attempted 
to  accomplish  nothing  but  the  annhiliation  of 
the  object  of  their  immediate  attack.  They 
fought  not  for  a  certain  end. 

It  is  impossible  to  chronicle  all  of  these 
raids,  every  one  similar  in  purpose  and  execu- 
tion and  only  differing  in  the  degree  of  dam- 
age inflicted.  The  telling  of  all  the  frightful 
experiences  of  the  brave  pioneers  would  be 
somewhat  monotonous  reading  now,  their 
sorrows  being  too  much  alike.  But  with  the 
organized  expeditions  of  Tecumseh  it  was  dif- 
ferent. 

In  tracing  the  course  of  his  career  you 
find  every  action  undertaken  by  him  had  a  di- 
rect bearing  upon  -subsequent  results. 
1802  His  purpose  was  always  plain.     He  fought 

with  a  purpose.   He  fought  to  obtain  a  certain 

conclusion.    His  speeches  were  the  sentiments  of  his   race.    His   actions   inspired   many  of   the   isolated 

raids.    His  history  is  the  only  connected  story  of  Indian  achievement  during  this  time. 
His    followers    fought    real   battles ;    they 

were  animated  by  something  more  than  lust 

for  blood  and  plunder.      Their   faith   was   in 

their  leader,  and  his  ambition  was  dominion. 

If    there   had    been    no    Tecumseh    there 

would  have  been  possibly  no  border  warfare  : 

for  he  was  the  example  every  Indian  patterneil 

himself  after.     The  English  could  never  ha\e 

found  any  other  Indian  ally  capable  of  brini^- 

ing  them  such  organized  assistance.    Amoni; 

the  race  noted  for  its  conflicting  elements  sn 

inimical  to  even  a  semblance  of  harmon\ .  it 

was  the  exception  when  a  leader  capable  of 

compelling  obedience  and  discipline  could   be 

found. 

Early  in   1806,   Clovernor  Harrison  com- 
menced to  receive  disquieting  reports  of  the 

doings  of  an  Indian  prophet  whose  home  w  as 

among  the  Indian  tribes  near  Greenville,  Ohiu. 

He  had  several  Indian  names,  the  one  often 

used  was  Lol-a-waw-chic-ka,  meaning  "Loud 

Voice,"  but  by  Indian  and  white  man  alike, 

he  was  generally  referred  to  as  the  "Prophet." 

His  career  as  a  prophet  started  in  an  extremely 

modest   manner.    I3ut   soon   miracles   without 

number  were  attributed  to  his  control  of  su- 

l>ernatural     powers,     and     his     fame     spread  1805 

throughout  the  whole  northwest.    Among  his 

admiring  followers  none  were  more  sincere  in  their  reverence  to  his  mission  than  the  Kickapoos  and 
Pottawatomies.  The  Indians  made  pilgrimages  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  see  the  seer  of  Green- 
ville i)erform  his  miracles  and  to  hear  him  pronounce  his  prophecies.  So  intent  and  interested  were 
they  that  they  neglected  to  provide  themselves  with  sufficient  food  for  their  maintenance.  At  one  time 
the  Prophet  and  his  followers  were  in  actual  starving  condition  which  was  only  relieved  when  Governor 
Harrison  forwarded  some  provisions  from  Vincennes. 


1809 


In  the  spring  of  1808  the  Prophet  moved  his  headquarters  to  the  banks  of  the  \\"aljash  near  tin 
mouth  of  the  Tippecanoe  river.  Here  they  settled  upon  a  tract  of  land  previously  presented  to  them  Ky  the 
Kickapoos  and  the  Pottawatomies.  These  two 
tribes  though  in  giving  this  site  to  the  Prophet 
failed  to  consult  the  Miami,  who  were  the  rec- 
ognized owners  of  this  section  of  the  Wabash. 
The  Miamis  resented  this  unauthorized  action 
on  the  part  of  their  Indian  neighbors. 

But  too  weak  to  even  command  respect  for 
their  rights  they  were  compelled  to  acquiesce. 

It  was  in  this  year  that  Tecumseh  joined 
his  brother  with  the  intention  of  using  him  tf) 
his  own  advantage.  During  this  year  also  a 
new  change  was  made  in  territorial  adminis- 
tration. Indiana  territory  now  had  over  17,- 
000  people  living  within  its  borders.  In  order 
to  gi\-e  these  settlers  more  efficient  government, 
another  partitioning  of  territory  and  authoritv 
was  determined  upon. 

On  February  3,  1809,  Congress  passed  an 
act  under  which  all  that  part  of  Indiana  ter- 
ritory which  lay  west  of  the  \Vabash  river 
and  a  line  drawn  from  that  river  and  Post 
Vincennes  due  north  to  the  territorial  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada,  should, 
for  the  purposes  of  a  territorial  government, 
constitute  a  separate  territory,  and  be  called 
Illinois.  Ninnian  Edwards  was  appointed  Gov- 
ernor of  Illinois  territory  with  Nathaniel  Pope 
as  its  secretary. 

At  the  time  of  his  ajijiointment,  Edwards 
was  chief  justice  of  Kentucky.     Kaskaskia  was  selected  as  the  seat  of  government.    Thus  in   1809.  the 
section  of  the  west  now  known  as  Vermilion  Couity  became  a  part  of  Illinois  Territor\-. 

A  restlessness  was  apparent  everywhere  amoig  all  the  Indian  tribes.  Those  who  from  past  experi- 
ience  knew  the  Indians  well  felt  sure  that  a  storm  was  impending.  The  Prophet's  utterances  became 
less  religious  in  character  and  assumed  a  threatening  and  warlike  tone. 

In  Sei)tember,  1809,  a  treaty  was  concluded  at  Fort  AVayne  between  General  Harrison  and  the  Del- 
awares.  Miamis  and  Pottawatomies.  Under  this  treaty  these  Indians  ceded  to  the  United  .States  a  tract 
of  land  extending  more  than  sixty  miles  along  the  Wabash  above  Vincennes. 

The  ceding  of  this  territory'  along  the  Wabas'i,  angered  Tecumseh  immensely.  Neither  Tecumseh 
nor  any  of  his  peo])le  had  any  claim  to  this  territory,  but  the  mere  fact  that  more  lands  had  been  sur- 
rendered by  the  Indians  was  sufficient  to  arouse  his  wrath.  He  threatened  the  lives  of  the  Indians  who 
had  signed  the  treaty  and  also  stated  that  no  surveyor  would  ever  survey  the  land  nor  white  man  settle 
upon  it.  Word  of  this  reaching  (iovernor  Harrison,  he  requested  Tecumseh  to  come  to  Vincennes  and 
they  would  discuss  the  matter.  This  invitation  declined,  he  sent  another  messenger  by  the  name  of  Josei)h 
F)arron.  His  meeting  with  the  Prophet  was  described  by  Barron  as  follows :  "The  Prophet  looked  at  me 
for  several  minutes  without  sjieaking  or  making  any  sign  of  recognition,  although  he  knew  me  well.  .'\t 
last,  in  a  tone  expressive  of  anger  and  scorn  he  said:  'For  what  pury)ose  do  you  come  here?  Bronilette 
was  here ;  he  was  a  spy.  Dubois  was  here ;  he  was  a  spy.  Now  you  have  come ;  you,  too,  are  a  spy.  There 
is  your  grave.   Look  on  it !'  The  Proj)het  then  j)ointed  to  the  ground  near  the  spot  where  I  stood." 

But  Tecumseh  api)earing  on  the  scene  reassured  Barron  with  "Your  life  is  in  no  danger.  Say  wh\- 
you  have  come  among  us."    Barron  then  read  the  letter  from  Governor  Harrison : 

"I  know  your  warriors  are  brave,  but  ours  are  not  less  so.  What  can  a  few  bra\c  warriors 
do  against  the  innumerable  warriors  of  the  .Seventeen  Fires?  Our  bluecoats  are  more  numerous  than 
you  can  count ;  our  hunters  are  like  the  leaves  of  the  forest,  or  the  grains  of  sand  on  the  Wabash.  Do  not 
think  that  the  redcoats  can  protect  you ;  they  are  not  al)le  to  protect  themselves.  They  do  not  think  of 
going  to  war  with  us.  If  they  did,  you  would  in  a  few  moons  see  our  flag  were  over  all  the  forest  of 
Canada.  WHnat  reason  have  you  to  complain  of  the  Seventeen  Fires?  Have  they  taken  anything  from 
you?  Have  they  ever  violated  the  treaties  made  with  the  red  men?  You  say  they  have  purchased  lands 
from  those  who  had  no  right  to  sell  them.  Show  that  this  is  so  and  the  lands  will  be  instantly  restored. 
Show  us  the  rightful  owners.  I  have  full  power  to  arrange  this  business;  but  if  you  would  rather  carry 
your  complaints  before  your  great   father  at  Washington  you  shall  be  indulged." 


I'ecumseh  agreed  to  go  to   \incennes  and  confer  with  the  governor.    On  August  12,  1810,  Tecum- 
seh  and  General  Harrison  lield  council  at  Detroit.    The  following  speech  of  Tecumseh  we  quote  from 


Drake : 


'It  is  true  I  am  a  Shawnee.    My  forefathers  were  warriors.  Their  son  is  a  warrior.  From  them  I  only 

take  my  existence;  from  my  tribe  I 
take  nothing.  I  am  the  maker  of  my 
own  fortune ;  and  oh !  that  I  could 
make  that  of  my  red  people,  and  of 
my  country,  as  great  as  the  concep- 
tions of  my  mind,  when  I  think  of  the 
.Spirit  that  rules  the  universe.  I  would 
not  then  come  to  Governor  Harrison, 
to  ask  him  to  tear  the  treaty,  and  to 
obliterate  the  landmark ;  but  I  would 
say  to  him,  Sir,  you  are  at  liberty  to 
return  to  your  own  country.  The  being 
within,  communing  with  past  ages, 
tells  me  that  once,  nor  until  lately, 
there  was  no  white  man  on  this  con- 
tinent. That  it  then  all  belonged  to 
red  men,  children  of  the  same  par- 
ents, placed  on  it  by  the  Great  Spirit 
that  made  them,  to  keep  it,  to  traverse 
it,  to  enjoy  its  productions,  and  to  fill 
it  with  the  same  race.  Once  a  happy 
race.  Since  made  miserable  by  the 
white  people,  who  are  never  contented 
but  always  enroaching.  The  way,  and 
the  only  way  to  check  and  to  stop  this 
evil,  is — for  all  the  red  men  to  unite 
in  claiming  a  common  and  equal  right 
in  the  land,  as  it  was  at  first,  and 
should  be  yet ;  for  it  never  was  di- 
vided, but  belongs  to  all,  for  the  use 
of  each.  That  no  part  has  a  right  to 
sell,  even  to  each  other,  much  less  to 
strangers ;  those  who  want  all  and  will 
not  do  with  less.  The  white  people 
have  no  right  to  take  the  land  from 
the  Indians,  because  they  had  it  first ; 
it  is  theirs.  They  may  sell,  but  all  must 
join.  Any  sale  not  made  by  all  is  not 
valid.  The  late  sale  is  bad.  It  was 
It  requires  all  to  make  a  bargain  for  all.  All  red 
good  in  one  place  as  in  an- 


The  Prophet 


made  by  a  part  only.    Part  do  not  know  how  to  sell 

men  have  equal  rights  to  the  unoccupied  land.    The  right  of  occupancy 

other.    There  cannot  be  two  occupations  in  the  same  place.    The  first  excludes  all  others.    It  is  not  so 

in  hunting  or  traveling;  for  there  the  same  ground  will  serve  many,  as  they  may  follow  each  other  all 

day;  but  the  camp  is  stationary,  and  that  is  occupancy.    It  belongs   to  the  first  who  sits  down  on   his 

blanket  or  skins,  which  he  has  thrown  upon  the  ground,  and  till  he  leaves  it  no  other  has  a  right." 

Tecumseh,  having  thus  explained  his  reasons  against  the  validity  of  the  purchase,  took  his  seat  amidst 
his  warriors.  Governor  Harrison,  in  his  reply,  said,  "that  the  white  people,  when  they  arrived  upon  this 
continent,  had  found  the  Miamis  in  the  occupation  of  all  the  country  on  the  Wabash,  and  at  the  time 
the  Shawnees  were  residents  of  Georgia,  from  which  they  were  driven  by  the  Creeks.  That  the  lands 
had  been  purchased  from  the  Miamis,  who  were  the  true  and  original  owners  of  it.  That  it  was  ridicu- 
lous to  assert  that  all  the  Indians  were  one  nation,  for  if  such  had  been  the  intention  of  the  Great  Spirit, 
he  would  not  have  put  six  different  tongues  into  their  heads,  but  have  taught  them  all  to  speak  a  language 
that  all  could  understand.  That  the  Miamis  found  it  for  their  interest  to  sell  a  part  of  their  lands,  and 
receive  for  them  a  further  annuity,  the  benefit  of  which  they  had  long  experienced,  from  the  punctuality 
with  which  the  Seventeen  Fires  (the  seventeen  United  States)  complied  with  their  engagements;  and 
that  the  Shawnees  had  no  right  to  come  from  a  distant  country  and  control  the  Miamis  in  the  disposal  of 
their  own  property."  The  governor  then  took  his  seat,  and  the  interpreter  j)roceeded  to  exjilain  to  Tecum- 
seh what  he  had  said,  who,  when  he  had  nearly  finished,  suddenly  interrupted  him,  and  exclaimed,  "It  is 
all  false,"  at  the  same  time  giving  to  his  warriors  a  signal,  they  seized  their  war  clubs,  and  sprung  to  their 
feet,  from  the  green  grass  on  which  they  had  been  sitting.  The  governor  now  thought  himself  in  imminent 
danger  and,  freeing  himself  from  his  arm  chair,  drew  his  .sword  and  prepared  to  defend  himself.  He 
was  attended  by  some  officers  of  his  government  and  many  citizens,  more  numerous  than  the  Indians, 

70 


but  all  unarmed,  most  of  whom,  however,  seized  upon  some  weapon,  such  as  stones  and  clubs.  Tecum- 
seh  continued  to  make  gestures  and  speak  with  great  emotion;  and  a  guard  of  twelve  armed  men  sta- 
tioned by  the  governor  in  the  rear  were  ordered  up.  For  a  few  minutes  it  was  expected  blood  would  be 
shed.  Major  G.  R.  Floyde,  who  stood  near  the  governor,  drew  his  dirk,  and  W'innemak  cocked  his  pistol, 
which  he  had  ready  primed ;  he  said  Tecumseh  had  threatened  his  life  for  having  signed  the  treaty  and 
sale  of  the  disputed  land.  A  Mr.  Winas,  the  Methodist  minister,  ran  to  the  governor's  house  and,  taking 
a  gun,  stood  in  the  door  to  defend  the  family. 

On  being  informed  what  Tecumseh  had  said,  the  governor  replied  to  him,  that  "he  was  a  bad  man — 
that  he  would  have  no  further  talk  with  him — that  he  must  return  to  his  camp,  and  set  out  for  his  home 
immediately."  Thus  ended  the  conference.  Tecumseh  did  not  leave  the  neighborhood,  but  the  next  morn- 
ing, having  reflected  upon  the  impropriety  of  his  conduct,  sent  to  the  governor  to  have  the  council  renewed 
and  apologized  for  the  alTront  offered ;  to  which  the  governor,  after  some  time,  consented,  having  taken  the 
[)recaution  to  have  two  additional  companies  of  armed  men  in  readiness  in  case  of  insult. 

Having  met  a  second  time,  Tecumseh  was  asked  whether  he  had  any  other  grounds  than  those  he 
had  stated,  by  which  he  could  lay  claim  to  the  land  in  question,  to  which  he  replied,  "Xo  other."  Here, 
then,  was  an  end  of  all  argument.  The  indignant  soul  of  Tecumseh  could  not  but  be  enraged  at  the  idea 
of  an  "equivalent  for  a  country,"  or,  what  meant  the  same  thing,  a  compensation  for  land,  which,  often 
repeated,  as  it  had  been,  would  soon  amount  to  a  country !  "The  behavior  of  Tecumseh  at  this  interview 
was  \ery  different  from  what  it  had  been  the  day  before.  His  deportment  was  dignified  and  collected, 
and  he  showed  not  the  least  disposition  to  be  insolent.     He  denied  having  any  intention  nf  attacking  the 


Birthplace  of  Tecumseh 

governor,  but  said  he  had  been  advised  by  white  men"  to  do  as  he  had  done ;  that  two  white  men  had  vis- 
ited him  at  his  place  of  residence,  and  told  him  that  half  the  white  people  were  opposed  to  Governor  Har- 
rison, and  willing  to  relinquish  the  land,  and  told  him  to  advise  the  tribes  not  to  receive  pay  for  it,  for 
that  the  governor  would  be  soon  put  out  of  office  and  a  "good  man"  sent  in  his  place,  who  would  give  up 
the  land  to  the  Indians.  The  governor  asked  him  whether  he  would  prevent  the  survey  of  the  land ;  he 
replied  that  he  was  determined  to  adhere  to  the  old  boundary.  Then  arose  a  Wyandot,  a  Kickapoo,  a  Pot- 
tawatomie, an  Ottawa,  and  a  Winnebago  chief,  each  declaring  his  determination  to  stand  by  Tecumseh, 
whom  they  had  chosen  their  chief.  After  the  governor  had  informed  Tecumseh  that  his  words  should 
he  truly  reported  to  the  president,  alleging,  at  the  same  time,  that  he  knew  the  land  would  not  be  re- 
linquished, and  that  it  would  be  maintained  by  the  sword,  the  council  closed. 

The  governor  wished  yet  to  prolong  the  interview,  and  thought  that,  possibly,  Tecumseh  might 
appear  more  submissive,  should  he  meet  him  in  his  own  tent.  Accordingly  he  took  with  him  in  an  inter- 
preter and  visited  the  chief  in  his  camp  the  next  day.  The  governor  was  received  with  kindness  and  at- 
tention, arid  Tecumseh  conversed  with  him  a  considerable  time.  On  being  asked  by  the  governor  if  his 
determination  really  was  as  he  had  expressed  himself  in  the  council,  he  said,  "Yes,"  and  added,  "that  it 
was  with  great  reluctance  he  would  make  war  with  the  United  .States— against  whom  he  had  no  other 
complaint,  but  their  purcha.sing  the  Indians'  land  ;  that  he  was  extremely  anxious  to  be  their  friend,  and  if 
he  (the  governor)  would  prevail  upon  the  president  to  give  up  the  lands  lately  purchased  and  agree 
never  to  make  another  treaty  without  the  consent  of  the  tribes,  he  would  be  their  faithful  ally  and  assist 
them  in  all  their  wars  with  the  English,"  whom  he  knew  were  always  treating  the  Indians  like  dogs, 
clapping  their  hands  and  hallooing  stu-boy ;  that  he  would  much  rather  join  the  seventeen  fires ;  but  if 
they  would  not  give  up  said  lands  and  comply  with  his  request  in  other  respects,  he  would  join  the  Eng- 
lish. When  the  governor  told  him  there  was  no  probability  that  the  president  would  comply,  he  said, 
"Well,  as  the  great  chief  is  to  determine  the  matter.  I  hope  the  CIreat  Spirit  will  ]nit  sense  enough  into 


his  head  to  induce  him  to  direct  you  to  give  up  this  land.  It  is  true,  he  is  so  far  off  he  will  not  be  injured 
by  the  war.  He  may  sit  still  in  his  town  and  drink  his  wine,  whilst  you  and  I  will  have  to  fight  it  out."  He 
had  said  before  when  asked  if  it  were  his  determination  to  make  war  unless  his  terms  were  complied 
with,  "It  is  mv  determination  ;  nor  will  I  give  rest  to  my  feet  until  I  have  united  all  the  red  men  in  the 
like  resolution." 

Thus  is  exhibited  the  determined  character  of  Tecumseh,  in  which  no  duplicity  appears  and  whose 
resentment  might  have  been  expected,  when  questioned  again  and  again  upon  the  same  subject.  Most 
religiously  did  he  prosecute  this  plan,  and  could  his  extraordinary  and  wonderful  exertions  be  known, 
no  ficlion,  it  is  believed,  could  scarcely  surpass  the  reality.  The  tribes  to  the  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  those  about  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron,  were  visited  and  revisited  by  him  previous  to  the  year 
1811.  He  had  raised  in  these  tribes  the  high  expectation  that  they  should  be  able  to  drive  the  Americans 
to  the  east  of  the  Ohio.  The  famous  Blue-jacket  was  as  sanguine  as  Tecumseh,  and  was  his  abettor  in 
uniting  distant  tribes. 

The  last  conference  that  Governor  Harrison  held  with  Tecumseh  took  place  on  July  27,  1811,  at 
Vir'-ennes.  The  only  result  obtained  from  this  last  meeting  was  the  conviction  in  both  their  minds  that 
war  must  ensue.  It  was  during  the  council  that  Tecumseh,  having  finished  his  speech  to  Governor  Har- 
rison, turned  to  seat  himself  in  a  chair.  There  being  none  vacant  the  governor  ordered  the  interpreter  at 
once  to  fetch  one.  When  the  chair  was  offered  Tecumseh  with  "Your  father  requests  you  to  take  a  chair," 
Tecumseh  made  his  famous  answer,  "My  father?  The  sun  is  my  father  and  the  earth  is  my  mother;  and 
on  her  bosom  I  will  repose."  He  then  with  dignity  seated  himself  upon  the  ground.  Before  the  depar- 
ture of  Tecumseh,  Governor  Harrison  requested  that  if  hostilities  should  follow,  that  cruelty  to  the 
wounded  and  prisoners  should  not  be  tolerated  on  either  side.  Tecumseh  readily  agreed  to  this  and  in 
all  the  many  engagements  soon  to  follow  he  attempted  always  to  enforce  this  understanding.  Immedi- 
ately after  the  closing  of  this  council  Harrison  wrote  the  secretary  of  war  in  which  he  says  the  implicit 
obedience  and  respect  which  the  followers  of  Tecumseh  paid  to  him  is  wonderful.  Tecumseh  demanded 
obedience  and  maintained  dicipline,  something  which  no  other  Indian  in  history  was  ever  able  to  accom- 
plish. Harrison  says:  "If  it  were  not  for  the  vicinity  of  the  United  States,  he  would  perhaps  be  the 
founder  of  an  empire  that  would  rival  in  glory  Mexico  and  Peru.  No  difficulties  deter  him.  For  four 
years  he  has  been  in  constant  motion.  You  see  him  today  on  the  Wabash,  and  in  a  short  time  hear  of 
him  on  the  shores  of  Lakes  Erie  and  Michigan,  or  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  and  wherever  he  goes 
he  makes  an  impression  favorable  to  his  purpose.  He  is  now  upon  the  last  round  to  put  a  finishing  stroke 
to  his  work.  I  hope,  however,  before  his  return,  that  part  of  the  work  which  he  considered  complete 
will  be  demolished,  and  even  its  foundation  rooted  up." 

After  he  had  left  the  council  with  Harrison,  Tecumseh  immediately  set  out  for  the  south  to  stir  up 
among  the  southern  Indians  a  spirit  of  enthusiasm  for  confederated  effort  to  break  the  jjower  of  the  white 
man  forever.    Wood,  in  his  version  of  this  pilgrimage,  says : 

"Tecumseh  visited  the  Choctaws,  Creeks  or  Muskogees,  Seminoles  and  other  tribes.  His  success  was 
man'elous.  There  seemed  no  resisting  his  persuasive  eloquence.  In  most  instances  the  determination  was 
unanimous  to  dig  up  the  hatchet  whenever  he  was  ready  for  them. 

Like  other  great  generals,  Tecumseh  gave  close  attention  to  details.  He  invented  a  calendar  showing 
the  exact  day  on  which  they  were  to  strike  the  white  settlements.  This  he  did  by  making  little  bundles 
of  sticks  painted  red.  Each  bundle  contained  sticks  equal  to  the  number  of  days  that  would  pass  before 
the  one  arrived  which  he  had  indicated  to  them.  Every  morning  they  were  to  throw  away  a  stick._  Thus 
it  was  that  the  Seminoles,  in  the  war  which  followed,  became  widely  known  under  the  name  of  "Red 
Sticks."  Tecumseh  also  directed  the  Indians,  that  should  the  question  be  asked  why  he  had  come  so  far, 
to  answer  that  he  had  advised  them  to  till  the  soil,  to  abstain  from  the  use  of  "firewater,"  and  to  live 
peacefully  with  the  white  people. 

At  Tuckabatchee,  Alabama,  Tecumseh  addressed  the  council  of  the  Creek  nation,  but  met  a  silent 
opponent  in  the  principal  chief,  Big  Warrior.  He  at  once  divined  the  feelings  of  this  chief,  angrily  stamp- 
ing his  foot  on  the  ground,  he  looked  into  the  eyes  of  Big  W'arrior  and  said :  "Your  blood  is  white.  You 
have  taken  my  talk  and  the  sticks,  and  the  wampum,  and  the  hatchet,  but  you  do  not  mean  to  fight.  I 
know  the  reason.  You  do  not  believe  the  Great  Spirit  has  sent  me.  You  shall  know.  I  leave  Tucka- 
batchee directly  and  shall  go  straight  to  Detroit ;  when  I  arrive  there  I  will  stamp  on  the  ground  with  my 
foot  and  shake  down  every  house  in  Tuckabatchee."  This  was  a  wild  threat,  and  Big  \\'arrior  w-as 
dumfounded.  He  and  his  people  were  superstitious  and  began  to  dread  Tecumseh's  arrival  at  Detroit. 
They  often  met,  talked  over  the  strange  affair,  and  actually  tried  to  compute  the  time  it  would  take  the 
great  chieftain  to  reach  that  town.  When  the  morning  of  the  day  fixed  upon  arrived,  an  awful  rurnbling 
of  the  ground  was  heard;  the  earth  began  to  shake  and  down  came  the  flimsy  lodges.  The  frantic  In- 
dians ran  to  and  fro  shouting:  "Tecumseh  has  got  to  Detroit!"  The  threat  had  been  fulfilled  and  the 
warriors  no  longer  hesitated  to  go  to  war  with  the  great  leader. 

All  this  was  produced  by  the  historical  earthquake  of  New  Madrid  on  the  Mississippi.  Strange  as 
it  may  seem,  it  is  said  to  have  taken  place  the  very  day  Tecumseh  reached  Detroit,  and  in  exact  fulfill- 
ment of  his  threat. 

72 


During  Tecumseh's  absence  in  the  south,  the  Indians  in  and  around  the  Prophet  s  town  on  the 
oanks  of  the  Wabash  became  extremely  menacing  in  speech  and  action.  Harrison  believed  that  with  Te- 
cumseh  absent,  it  was  an  opportune  time  to  break  up  and  scatter  this  nest  of  Indian  turmoil. 

On  September  26,  1811,  with  a  force  of  nine  hundred,  he  started  on  his  march.  On  the  sixth  day 
he  encamped  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Wabash  about  two  miles  above  the  present  site  of  Terre  Haute. 
He  stopped  here  and  constructed  a  log  fort  which  was  immediately  named  Fort  Harrison.  Leaving  a 
small  force  at  the  fort,  he  continued  his  march  along  the  east  banks  of  the  Wabash  which  he  crossed 
at  a  point  near  the  present  town  of  Montezuma,  Indiana.  Continuing  to  the  mouth  of  the  Vermilion  river, 
be  built  a  small  blockhouse  to  secure  his  baggage  and  provisions.  He  then  marched  directly  upon  the 
Prophet's  town.  Before  he  reached  this  village  he  was  met  by  some  of  the  chiefs,  who  requested  that  there 
might  be  a  peace  parley  the  next  day.    General  Harrison  in  his  report  to  the  \^'ar  Department,  says : 

"I  then  took  leave  of  the  chief  and  a  mutual  promise  was  again  made  for  a  suspension  of  hostilities 
until  we  could  have  an  inter\'iew  on  the  following  day.  I  found  the  ground  destined  for  the  encampment 
not  altogether  such  as  I  could  wish  it.     It  was,  indeed,  admirably  calculated   for  the  encampment  of 


Ba^i^-1 


An  Indian  Village 


regular  troops  that  were  opposed  to  regulars,  but  it  alTorded  great  facility  for  the  a|iprt)ach  of  savages. 
I:  was  a  piece  of  dry  oak  land,  rising  about  ten  feet  above  the  level  of  a  marshy  prairie  in  front  (toward 
the  Indian  town),  and  nearly  twice  that  height  above  a  similar  prairie  in  the  rear,  through  which,  and 
near  this  bank,  ran  a  small  stream  clothed  with  willows  and  brushwood.  Toward  the  left  flank  this  bench 
of  high  land  widened  considerably,  but  became  gradually  narrow  in  the  opposite  direction,  at  the  dis- 
tance of  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards  from  the  right  flank  terminated  in  an  abrupt  point.  The  two  col- 
umns of  infantrj'  occupied  the  front  and  rear  of  this  ground,  at  the  distance  of  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  yards  from  each  other,  on  the  left,  and  something  more  than  half  that  distance  on  the  right  flank. 
These  flanks  were  filled  up.  the  first  by  two  companies  of  mounted  riflemen,  amounting  to  one  hundred 
and  twenty  men,  under  the  command  of  Major-General  Wells,  of  the  Kentucky  militia,  who  served  as 
major,  the  other  by  .Spencer's  company  of  mounted  riflemen,  which  amounted  to  eighty  men.  The  front 
line  was  composed  of  one  battalion  of  United  States  infantrj-,  under  the  command  of  Major  Floyd, 
flanked  on  the  right  by  two  companies  of  militia,  and  on  the  left  by  one  company.  The  rear  line  was 
composed  of  a  battalion  of  United  States  troops  under  the  command  of  Captain  Bean,  acting  as  major,  and 
four  companies  of  militia  infantry  under  Lieutenant  Colonel  Decker.  The  regular  troops  of  this  line 
joined  the  mounted  riflemen  under  General  Wells  on  the  left  flank,  and  Colonel  Decker's  battalion  formed 
an  angle  with  .Spencer's  company  on  the  left. 

73 


"Two  troops  of  dragoons,  amounting  to,  in  the  aggregate,  about  sixty  men,  were  encamped  in  the 
rear  of  the  left  flank,  and  Captain  Parke's  troops,  which  was  larger  than  the  other  two,  in  the  rear  of 
the  front  line.  Our  order  of  encampment  varied  little  from  that  above  described,  excepting  when  some 
peculiarity  of  the  ground  made  it  necessar}-.  For  a  night  attack  the  order  of  encampment  was  the  order 
of  battle,  and  each  man  slept  immediately  opposite  to  his  post  in  the  line.  In  the  formation  of  my  troops 
I  used  a  single  rank,  or  what  is  called  Indian  file,  because  in  Indian  warfare,  where  there  is  no  shock  to 
resist,  one  rank  is  nearly  as  good  as  two,  and  in  that  kind  of  warfare  the  extension  of  line  is  of  the 
first  importance.  Raw  troops  also  maneuver  with  much  more  facility  in  single  than  in  double  ranks. 
It  was  my  constant  custom  to  assemble  all  the  field  oflicers  at  my  tent  every  evening  by  signal,  to  give  them 
the  watchword  and  the  instructions  for  the  night;  those  given  for  the  night  of  the  6th  were  that  each 
troop  which  formed  a  part  of  the  exterior  line  of  the  encampment  should  hold  its  own  ground  until 
relieved.  The  dragoons  were  ordered  to  parade,  in  case  of  a  night  attack,  with  their  pistols  in  their 
belts,  and  to  act  as  a  corps  of  reserve.  The  camp  was  defended  by  two  captains'  guards,  consisting  each 
of  four  non-commissioned  officers  and  forty-two  privates,  and  two  subalterns'  guards  of  twenty  non- 
commissioned officers  and  privates,  the  whole  under  the  command  of  a  field  officer  of  the  day.  The 
troops  were  regularly  called  ui>  an  hour  before  day,  and  made  to  continue  under  arms  until  it  was  quite 
light. 

"On  the  morning  of  the  7th,  I  had  risen  at  a  quarter  after  four  o'clock,  and  the  signal  for  calling 
out  the  men  would  have  been  given  in  two  minutes  when  the  attack  commenced.  It  began  on  our  left 
flank,  but  a  signal  gun  was  fired  by  the  sentinels,  or  by  the  guard,  in  that  direction,  which  made  not  the 
least  resistance,  but  abandoned  their  officer  and  fled  into  camp,  and  the  first  notice  which  the  troops  of 
that  flank  had  of  the  danger  was  from  the  yells  of  the  savages  within  a  short  distance  of  the  line ;  but 
even  under  those  circumstances  the  men  were  not  wanting  to  themselves  or  the  occasion.  Such  of  them 
as  were  awake,  or  were  easily  awakened,  seized  their  arms  and  took  their  stations ;  others,  which  were 
more  tardy,  had  to  contend  with  the  enemy  in  the  doors  of  their  tents.  The  storm  first  fell  upon  Captain 
Barton's  company  of  the  4th  United  States  Regulars,  and  Captain  Geiger's  company  of  mounted  rifle- 
men, which  formed  the  left  angle  of  the  rear  line.  The  fire  upon  these  was  exceedingly  severe,  and  they 
sufl:"ered  considerably  before  relief  could  be  brought  to  them.  .Some  few  Indians  passed  into  the  encamp- 
ment near  the  angle,  and  one  or  two  penetrated  to  some  distance  before  they  were  killed.  I  believe  all 
the  other  companies  were  under  arms  and  tolerably  formed  before  they  were  fired  on.  The  morning 
was  dark  and  cloudy;  our  fires  afforded  a  partial  light,  which,  if  it  gave  us  some  opportunity  for  taking 
our  positions,  was  still  more  advantageous  to  the  enemy,  affording  them  the  means  of  taking  a  surer  aim; 
they  were,  therefore,  extinguished.  Under  all  these  discouraging  circumstances,  the  troops  (nineteen- 
twentieths  of  whom  never  had  been  in  action  before)  behaved  in  a  manner  that  can  never  be  too  much 
applauded.  They  took  their  places  without  noise,  and  less  confusion  than  could  have  been  expected  from 
veterans  placed  in  the  same  situation.  As  soon  as  I  could  mount  my  horse  I  rode  to  the  angle  that  was 
attacked.  I  found  that  Barton's  company  had  suiTered  severely,  and  the  left  of  Geiger's  entirely  broken. 
I  immediately  ordered  Cook's  company,  and  the  late  Captain  Wentworth's  under  Lieutenant  Peters,  to 
be  brought  up  from  the  center  of  the  rear  line,  where  the  ground  was  much  more  defensible,  and  formed 
across  the  angle  in  support  of  Barton's  and  Geiger's.  My  attention  was  then  engaged  by  a  heavy  firing 
upon  the  left  of  the  front  line,  where  were  stationed  the  small  company  of  United  States  riflemen  (then, 
however,  armed  with  muskets),  and  the  companies  of  Bean,  Snelling  and  Prescott,  of  the  4th  Regulars. 
I  found  Major  Daviess  forming  the  dragoons  in  the  rear  of  those  companies,  and  understanding  that 
the  heaviest  part  of  the  enemy's  fire  proceeded  from  some  trees  about  fifteen  or  tw'enty  paces  in  front  of 
those  companies,  I  directed  the  major  to  dislodge  them  with  a  part  of  the  dragoons.  Unfortunately,  the 
major's  gallantry  determined  him  to  execute  the  order  with  a  smaller  force  than  was  sufficient,  which 
enabled  the  enemy  to  avoid  him  in  front  and  attack  his  flanks.  The  major  was  mortally  wounded,  and 
his  party  driven  back.  The  Indians  were,  however,  immediately  and  gallantly  dislodged  from  their  advan- 
tageous position  by  Captain  Snelling  at  the  head  of  his  company. 

"In  the  course  of  a  few  minutes  after  the  commencement  of  the  attack  the  fire  extended  along  the 
left  flank,  the  whole  of  the  front,  the  right  flank  and  part  of  the  rear  line.  Upon  Spencer's  mounted 
riflemen  and  the  right  of  Warwick's  company,  which  was  posted  on  the  right  of  the  rear  line,  it  was 
excessively  severe.  Captain  Spencer  and  his  first  and  second  lieutenants  were  killed,  and  Captain  War- 
wick was  mortally  wounded.  Those  companies,  however,  still  bravely  maintained  their  posts,  but  Spencer 
had  suffered  so  severely,  and  having  originally  ton  much  ground  to  occupy,  I  re-inforced  them  with 
Robb's  company  of  riflemen,  which  had  been  driven,  or  by  mistake  ordered,  from  their  positions  on  the 
left  flank  toward  the  center  of  the  camp,  and  filled  the  vacancy  that  had  been  occupied  by  Robb  with 
Prescott's  company  of  the  4th  United  States  regiment.  My  great  object  was  to  keep  the  lines  entire,  to 
j)revent  the  enemy  from  breaking  into  the  camp,  until  daylight,  which  should  enable  me  to  make  a  gen- 
eral and  effectual  charge.  With  this  in  view,  I  had  re-inforced  every  part  of  the  line  that  had  suffered 
much,  and  as  soon  as  the  approach  of  morning  discovered  itself  I  withdrew  from  the  front  line  Snell- 
ing's,  Porey's  (under  Lieutenant  Albright)  and  Scott's,  and  from  the  rear  line  Wilson's  companies,  and 
drew  them  up  the  left  flank;  and  at  the  same  time  I  ordered  Cook's  and  Bean's  companies,  the  former 
from  the  rear,  and  the  latter  from  the  front  line,  to  reinforce  the  right  flank,  foreseeing  that  at  these 
points  the  enemy  would  make  their  last  eff^orts.     Major  Wells,  who  commanded  on  the  left  flank,  not 

74 


knowing  my  intentions  precisely,  had  taken  command  of  these  companies,  and  had  charged  the  enemy 
before  I  had  formed  the  body  of  dragoons  with  which  I  meant  to  support  the  infantry.  A  small 
detachment  of  these  were,  however,  ready  and  proved  amply  sufficient  for  the  purpose.  The  Indians 
were  driven  by  the  infantry  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  the  dragoons  pursued  and  forced  them  into  a 
marsh,  where  they  could  not  be  followed.  Captain  Cook  and  Lieutenant  Larabee  had.  agreeable  to  my 
order,  marched  their  companies  to  the  right  flank,  and  formed  them  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  and  be- 
ing then  joined  by  the  riflemen  of  that  flank,  had  charged  the  Indians,  killed  a  number  and  put  the  rest  to 
a  precipitate  flight.  A  favorable  opportunity  was  here  offered  to  pursue  the  enemy  with  dragoons,  but 
being  engaged  at  that  time  on  the  other  flank,  I  did  not  observe  it  till  it  was  too  late. 

"I  have  thus,  sir,  given  you  the  particulars  of  an  action  which  was  certainly  maintained  with  the 
greatest  obstinacy  and  perseverance  by  both  parties.  The  Indians  manifested  a  ferocity  uncommon  even 
with  them.  To  their  savage  fury  our  troops  opposed  with  that  cool  and  deliberate  valor  which  is  char- 
acteristic of  the  Christian  soldier."* 

The  ferocity  and  confidence  of  the  Indians  in  this  surprise  attack  was  due  largely  to  the  predic- 
tion of  the  Prophet.  In  a  vision  he  had  perceived  half  of  Harrison's  army  dead  and  the  other  half  de- 
mented. This  was  sufficient  assurance  for  the  Indians  that  victory  would  be  theirs.  Furthermore,  the 
Prophet  had  told  his  adherents  not  to  fear  the  bullets  of  the  enemy,  as  they  would  be  harmless  and  that 
they  would  rebound  off  their  bodies,  leaving  not  even  a  scratch. 

On  that  rainy,  foggy  morning  while  the  battle  raged  with  all  its  savage  fur\-,  the  Prophet  stood  ui)on 
the  hill  safe  from  danger  chanting  his  charms  and  encouraging  his  warriors.  With  the  defeat  of  the 
Indians  at  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  the  prestige  of  the  Prophet  was  gone  forever.  His  influence  sub- 
sided as  suddenly  as  it  was  born. 

"You  are  a  liar,"  said  a  Winnebago  warrior  to  him  whom  they  had  lately  revered  as  a  messenger 
from  the  Great  Spirit,  "for  you  told  us  that  the  white  people  were  dead  or  crazy,  when  they  were  all  in 
their  senses  and  fought  like  the  devil." 

Harrison  spent  the  next  day  taking  care  of  his  wounded  and  burying  his  dead.  On  the  second  day 
following,  he  advanced  upon  the  Prophet's  town.  Here  he  found  vast  stores  of  provisions,  ammunition 
and  fire-arms.  He  burned  and  razed  the  town  to  the  ground  and  with  it  disappeared  the  last  evidence 
of  the  Prophet's  influence  in  him. 

Beckwith  says:  "Of  the  little  more  than  eight  hundred  Americans  in  action,  the  killed  and 
wounded  numbered  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight.  An  unusual  per  cent  of  the  wounded  died  or  lost  their 
limbs  on  account,  as  the  surgeons  said,  of  the  Indians  having  chewed  their  balls,  causing  them  to  tear  the 
flesh  severely,  and  make  a  more  ragged  wound  than  a  smooth  ball  would  do.  The  Indians  were  estimated 
by  some  at  six  hundred ;  the  traders,  whose  opportunities  for  knowing  were  good,  said  there  were 
at  least  eight  hundred.  The  previous  summer  there  were  four  hundred  and  fifty  warriors  at  the 
Prophet's  town,  and  these  were  joined  a  few  days  before  the  battle  by  all  the  Kickapoos  of  the 
prairie,  and  by  many  other  bands  from  the  Pottawatomie  villages  on  the  Illinois,  and  the  St.  Josephs 
of  Lake  Michigan.  It  being  in  the  dark,  the  Indians  were  enabled  to  carry  many  of  their  dead  and 
wounded  away  without  their  being  observed;  still  thirty-eight  of  their  warriors  were  found  upon  the 
field.  Of  the  Kickapoo  braves  in  the  battle  belonging  to  the  Pa-koi-shee-can,  or  'LaFarine's'  band 
alone,  fourteen  of  the  severely  hurt,  who  got  away  from  the  \\  abash,  afterward  died  of  their  wounds, 
and  were  buried  near  their  village,  four  miles  west  of  Danville,  where  their  graves,  still  to  be  seen,  were 
pointed  out  to  the  early  salt  boilers  in  1819,  by  the  survivors  who  were  cognizant  of  the  facts." 

Harrison,  having  accomplished  his  purpose,  returned  to  F'ort  Harrison,  reaching  there  November 
14,  1811,  and  arriving  at  Vincennes,  November  18,  1811.  The  battle  of  Tippecanoe  is  considered  by 
many  as  the  start  of  our  war  of  1812.  for  the  reason  that  both  the  Prophet  and  Tecumsch  had  been 
abetted  and  aided  for  many  months  past  by  the  British  in  Canada. 

The  wrath  of  Tecumseh  upon  his  return  from  the  south  knew  no  bounds.  This  late  attack  by  the 
Indians  was  contrarj'  to  his  instructions,  and  its  result  upset  plans  and  calculations  that  had  taken  him 
3'ears  to  accomplish.  Discarding  his  brother  as  a  useless  tool,  he  gathered  his  followers  and  joined  the 
British.  He  declined  an  invitation  of  Harrison's  to  take  part  in  the  peace  council  with:  'No.  I  have 
taken  sides  with  my  father,  the  king,  and  I  will  suffer  my  bones  to  bleach  on  this  shore  before  I  will 
recross  that  stream  to  take  part  in  any  council  of  neutrality." 

The  war  which  the  Indians  had  known  for  a  long  time  was  impending,  broke  between  the  United 
States  and  England  on  the  19th  of  June,  1812.  The  British  now  openly,  as  they  had  for  a  long  time 
past  secretly,  encouraged  the  Indians  in  their  attacks  upon  the  American  frontier. 

William  Hull,  governor  of  Michigan  territory,  was  appointed  commander  for  the  western  frontiers. 
Tecumseh  and  his  warriors  took  a  i)rominent  part  in  the  many  skirmishes  and  engagements  which  fol- 
lowed. 

Major-General  Brock,  the  British  commander,  had  a  great  liking  and  respect  for  Tecumseh.  He 
considered  him,  barbarian  though  he  was,  one  of  his  most  able  officers. 

James  says:  "He  was  an  excellent  judge  of  position,  and  not  only  knew,  but  could  point  out  the 
localities  of  the  whole  country  through  which  he  had  passed."     His  facility  of  communicating  the  infor- 

75 


matiou  he  had  acquired,,  was  thus  displayed  before  a  concourse  of  spectators.  Pre\iously  to  General 
Brock's  crossing  over  to  Detroit,  he  asked  Tecumseh  what  sort  of  a  country  he  should  have  to  pass 
through  in  case  of  his  proceeding  farther.  Tecumseh,  taking  a  roll  of  elm-bark,  and  extending  it  on  the 
ground  by  means  of  four  stones,  drew  forth  his  scalping  knife,  and  with  the  point  presently  etched  upon 
the  bark  a  plan  of  the  countr)',  its  hills,  woods,  rivers,  morasses  and  roads;  a  plan  which,  if  not  as 
neat,  was,  for  the  purpose  required,  fully  as  intelligible  as  if  Arrowsmith  himself  had  prepared  it.  Pleased 
with  this  unexpected  talent  in  Tecumseh,  also  with  his  having,  by  his  characteristic  boldness,  induced 
the  Indians,  not  of  his  immediate  party,  to  cross  the  Detroit,  prior  to  the  embarkation  of  the  regulars 
and  militia.  General  Brock,  as  soon  as  the  business  was  over,  publicly  took  ofT  his  sash,  and  placed  it 
around  the  body  of  the  chief.  Tecumseh  received  the  honor  with  evident  gratification,  but  was,  the 
next  day,  seen  without  his  sash.  General  Brock,  fearing  something  had  displeased  the  Indian,  sent  his 
interpreter  for  an  explanation.  The  latter  soon  returned  with  an  account  that  Tecumseh,  not  wishing  to 
wear  such  a  mark  of  distinction,  when  an  older,  and.  as  he  said,  abler,  warrior  than  himself  was  present, 
had  transferred  the  sash  to*  the  Wyandot  chief.  Round-head." 

\\'ithout  any  plausible  excuse  for  his  action.  General  Hull  surrendered  Detroit  on  the  16th  of 
August  without  even  the  pretense  of  a  defense.  After  the  surrender.  General  Brock  requested  Tecum- 
seh to  see  that  his  men  did  not  slaughter  or  torture  the  prisoners.  "Have  no  fear,"  Tecumseh  replied, 
"I  despise  them  too  much  to  meddle  with  them."  He  is  here  seen  keeping  his  pledge  to  Harrison  that 
prisoners  would  not  be  abused. 

On  the  9th  of  August,  the  battle  of  Brownstown  took  place,  and  for  the  credible  way  in  which  he 
handled  his  men  that  day,  Tecumseh  was  made  Major-General  in  the  British  army.  In  this  engagement, 
among  the  Indians  under  Tecumseh  was  Black-Hawk. 

By  the  latter  part  of  August,  the  whole  western  frontier  was  in  the  hands  of  the  British,  with  the 
exception  of  Forts  Wayne  and  Harrison.  On  the  3rd  of  September,  1812,  the  Kickapoos  and  Winneba- 
goes  attacked  Fort  Harrison.  Captain  Taylor,  commanding,  sent  the  following  report  of  this  action  to 
General  Harrison: 

"The  Indians  in  this  attack  were  commanded  by  the  Kickapoo  chief,  Pa-koi-shee-can,  who  is  some- 
times called  LaFarine.  The  firing  of  the  fort  was  done  by  LaFarine  himself,  and  according  to  Beck- 
with,  LaFarine  with  a  large  butcher  knife  in  each  hand,  extended  himself  at  full  length  upon  the  ground. 
He  drove  one  knife  into  the  ground  and  drew  his  body  up  against  it,  then  he  reached  forward,  with  the 
knife  in  the  other  hand,  and  driving  that  into  the  ground  drew  himself  along.  In  this  way  he  approached 
the  lower  block-house,  stealthily  through  the  grass.  He  could  hear  the  sentinels  on  their  rounds  within 
the  fortified  enclosure.  As  they  advanced  toward  that  part  of  the  works  where  the  lower  block-house 
was  situated,  LaFarine  would  lie  still  upon  the  ground,  and  when  the  sentinels  made  the  tuni  and  were 
moving  in  the  opposite  direction,  he  would  again  crawl  nearer.  In  this  manner  LaFarine  reached  the 
very  walls  of  the  block-house.  There  was  a  crack  between  the  logs  of  the  block-house,  and  through 
this  opening  the  Kickapoo  placed  a  quantity  of  dry  grass,  bits  of  wood,  and  other  combustible  material, 
brought  in  a  blanket  tied  about  his  back,  so  as  to  form  a  sack.  As  the  preparation  for  this  incendiarism 
was  in  progress,  the  sentinels  passed  within  a  very  few  feet  of  the  place,  as  they  paced  on  by  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  block-house.  Everything  being  in  readiness,  and  the  sentinels  at  the  farther  end  of  the 
works,  LaFarine  struck  a  fire  with  his  flint  and  thrust  it  between  the  logs,  and  threw  his  blanket  quickly 
over  the  opening,  to  prevent  the  light  from  flashing  outside,  and  giving  the  alarm  before  the  building 
should  be  well  ablaze.  \\'hen  assured  that  the  fire  was  well  under  way,  he  fell  back  and  gave  the  signal, 
when  the  attack  was  immediately  begun  by  the  Indians  at  the  other  extremity  of  the  fort.  The  lower 
blockhouse  burned  up  in  spite  of  all  the  efforts  of  the  garrison  to  put  out  the  fire,  and  for  awhile  the 
Indians  were  exultant  in  the  belief  of  an  assured  and  complete  victor\-.  General  Taylor  constructed  a 
barricade  out  of  material  taken  from  another  building,  and  by  the  time  the  block-house  burned  the 
Indians  discovered  a  new  line  of  defense,  closing  up  the  breach  by  which  they  expected  to  eft'ect  an 
entrance," 

Captain  Taylor  gives  the  following  account  of  this  action : 

"Fort  Harrison,  September  10, 

"On  Thursday  evening,  the  3rd  instant,  after  retreat  beating,  four  guns  were  heard  to  fire  in  the 
direction  where  two  young  men  (citizens  who  resided  here)  were  making  hay,  about  four  hundred  yards 
distant  from  the  fort.  I  was  immediately  impressed  with  the  idea  that  they  had  been  killed  by  the 
Indians,  as  the  Prophet's  party  would  soon  be  here  for  the  purpose  of  commencing  hostilities,  and  that 
they  had  been  directed  to  leave  this  place,  as  we  were  about  to  do.  I  did  not  think  it  prudent  to  send 
out  at  that  late  hour  of  the  night  to  see  what  had  become  of  them,  and  their  not  coming  in  convinced 
me  that  I  was  right  in  my  conjecture.  I  waited  till  eight  o'clock  next  morning,  when  I  sent  out  a  cor- 
poral with  a  small  party  to  find  them,  if  it  could  be  done  without  running  too  much  risk  of  being  drawn 
into  an  ambuscade.  He  soon  sent  back  to  inform  me  that  he  had  found  them  both  killed,  and  wished  to 
know  my  further  orders.  I  sent  the  cart  and  oxen  and  had  them  brought  in  and  buried.  They  had  been 
shot  with  two  balls,  scalped  and  cut  in  the  most  shocking  manner.  Late  in  the  evening  of  the  4th  instant 
old  Joseph  Lenar  and  about  thirty  or  forty  Indians  arrived  from  the  Prophet's  town  with  a  white  flag, 
among  whom  were  about  ten  women,  and  the  men  were  composed  of  the  chiefs  of  the  different  tribes 

76 


that  compose  the  Prophet's  party.  A  Shawnee  man,  that  could  speak  good  Enghsh.  informed  me  that 
old  Lenar  intended  to  speak  to  me  next  morning,  and  try  to  get  something  to  eat. 

"At  retreat  beating  I  examined  the  men's  arms  and  found  them  all  in  good  order,  and  completed 
their  cartridges  to  fifteen  rounds  per  man.  As  I  had  not  been  able  to  mount  a  guard  of  more  than  six 
privates  and  two  non-commissioned  officers  for  some  time  past,  and  sometimes  part  of  them  every  other 
day,  from  the  unhealthiness  of  the  company,  I  had  not  conceived  my  force  adequate  to  the  defense  of 
this  post,  should  it  be  vigorously  attacked,  for  some  time  past. 

"As  I  had  just  recovered  from  a  very  severe  attack  of  the  fever,  I  was  not  able  to  be  up  much 
through  the  night.  After  tattoo,  I  cautioned  the  guard  to  be  vigilant,  and  ordered  one  of  the  non-com- 
missioned officers,  as  the  sentinels  could  not  see  every  part  of  the  garrison,  to  walk  around  on  the  inside 
during  the  whole  night,  to  prevent  the  Indians  taking  any  advantage  of  us.  provided  that  they  had  any  intent 
of  attacking  us.  About  11  o'clock  I  was  awakened  by  the  firing  of  one  of  the  sentinels.  I  sprang  up, 
ran  out  and  ordered  the  men  to  their  posts,  when  my  orderly-sergeant,  who  had  charge  of  the  upper 
block-house,  called  out  that  the  Indians  had  fired  tlie  lower  block-house  (which  contained  the  property 
of  the  contractor,  which  was  deposited  in  the  lower  part,  the  upper  having  been  assigned  to  a  corporal 
and  ten  privates  as  an  alarm  post).  The  guns  had  begun  to  fire  pretty  smartly  from  both  sides.  I 
directed  the  buckets  to  be  gotten  ready  and  water  brought  from  the  well  and  the  fire  extinguished  imme- 
diately, as  it  was  perceivable  at  that  time,  but  from  debility  or  some  other  cause  the  men  were  very  slow 
in  executing  my  orders — the  word  fire  appeared  to  throw  the  whole  of  them  into  confusion — and  by  the 
time  they  had  got  the  water  and  broken  open  the  door,  the  fire  had  unfortunately  communicated  to  a 
quantity  of  whisky  (the  stock  having  licked  several  holes  through  the  lower  part  of  the  building,  after 
the  salt  that  was  stored  there,  through  which  the  fire  had  been  introduced  without  being  discovered,  as 
the  night  was  very  dark),  and  in  spite  of  every  exertion  we  could  make  use  of  in  less  than  a  moment  it 
ascended  to  the  roof  and  baffled  every  effort  we  could  make  to  extinguish  it.  As  the  block-house  ad- 
joined the  barracks  that  made  part  of  the  fortifications,  most  of  the  men  immediately  gave  themselves 
up  for  lost,  and  I  had  the  greatest  difficulty  in  getting  my  orders  executed.  And,  sir,  what  from  the  rag- 
ing fire,  the  yelling  and  howling  of  several  hundred  Indians,  the  cries  of  nine  women  and  children  (a 
part  soldiers'  and  a  part  citizens'  wives,  who  had  taken  shelter  in  the  fort),  and  the  despondency  of  so 
many  of  the  men,  which  was  worse  than  all,  I  can  assure  you  that  my  feeling  were  unpleasant,  and. 
indeed,  there  were  not  more  than  ten  or  fifteen  men  able  to  do  a  great  deal — the  others  being  sick  or 
con\alescent ;  and  to  add  to  our  other  misfortunes,  two  of  the  strongest  men  in  the  fort,  and  that  I  had 
every  confidence  in,  jumped  the  pickets  and  left  us.  I  saw  by  throwing  off  a  part  of  the  roof  that  joined 
the  block-house  that  was  on  fire,  and  keeping  the  end  perfectly  wet,  the  whole  row  of  buildings  might 
be  saved,  and  leave  only  an  opening  of  eighteen  or  twenty  feet,  for  the  temporary  breastwork  might  be 
erected  to  prevent  their  even  entering  there.  I  convinced  the  men  that  this  might  be  accomplished,  and 
it  appeared  to  inspire  them  with  new  life,  and  never  did  men  act  with  more  firmness  and  desperation. 
Those  that  were  able  (while  the  others  kept  up  a  constant  fire  from  the  other  block-house  and  the  two 
bastions)  mounted  the  roofs  of  the  houses,  with  Dr.  Clark  at  their  head,  who  acted  with  the  greatest 
firmness  and  presence  of  mind  the  whole  time  the  attack  lasted,  which  was  seven  hours,  under  a  shower 
of  bullets,  and  in  less  than  a  moment  threw  off  as  much  of  the  roof  as  was  necessary.  This  was  done 
only  with  a  loss  of  one  man  and  two  wounded,  and  I  am  in  hopes  neither  of  them  dangerously.  The 
man  that  was  killed  was  a  little  deranged,  and  did  not  get  cvft'  the  house  as  soon  as  directed,  or  he  would 
not  have  been  hurt ;  and  although  the  barracks  were  several  times  in  a  blaze,  and  an  immense  quantity 
of  fire  against  them,  the  men  used  such  exertions  that  they  kept  it  under,  and  before  day  raised  a  tem- 
porary breastwork  as  higli  as  a  man's  head,  although  the  Indians  continued  to  pour  in  a  heavy  fire  of 
ball  and  innumerable  quantity  of  arrows  during  the  whole  time  the  attack  lasted,  in  every  ()art  of  the 
parade.  I  had  but  one  other  man  killed,  nor  any  other  wounded  inside  the  fort,  and  he  lost  his  life  by 
being  too  anxious.  He  got  into  one  of  the  galleys  in  the  bastion  and  fired  over  the  pickets,  and  called 
out  to  his  comrades  that  he  had  killed  an  Indian,  and.  neglecting  to  stoop  down,  in  an  instant  he  was  shot 
dead.  One  of  the  men  that  jumped  the  jiickcts  returned  an  hour  before  day,  and,  running  up  toward 
the  gate,  begged  for  ( lod's  sake  for  it  to  he  opened.  I  susjiected  it  to  be  a  stratagem  of  the  Indians  to  get 
in,  as  I  did  not  recollect  the  voice.  I  directed  the  men  in  the  bastion,  where  I  happened  to  be,  to  shoot 
him,  let  him  be  who  he  would,  and  one  of  them  fired  at  him,  but  fortunately  he  ran  up  to  the  other  bas- 
tion, where  they  knew  his  voice,  and  Dr.  Clark  directed  him  to  lie  down  close  to  the  pickets,  beliind  an 
empty  barrel  that  ha])pened  to  be  there,  and  at  daylight  I  had  him  let  in.  His  arm  was  broken  in  a  most 
shocking  manner,  which  he  says  was  done  by  the  Indians,  which,  I  suppose,  was  the  cause  of  his  return- 
ing. I  think  it  probable  that  he  will  recover.  The  other  they  caught  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  yards 
from  the  garrison,  and  cut  him  all  to  i)ieces.  After  keeping  up  a  constant  fire  until  about  six  o'clock  the 
next  morning,  which  we  began  to  return  with  some  effect  after  daylight,  they  removed  out  of  reach  of 
our  guns.  A  party  of  them  drove  up  the  horses  that  belonged  to  the  citizens  here,  and  as  they  could 
not  catch  them  ven,'  readily,  shot  the  whole  of  them  in  our  sight,  as  well  as  a  number  of  their  hogs. 
They  drove  off  the  whole  of  the  cattle,  which  amounted  to  sixty-five  head,  as  well  as  public  oxen.  I  had 
the  vacancy  filled  up  before  night  (which  was  made  by  the  burning  of  the  bluck-house)  with  a  strong 
row  of  f)ickets  which  I  got  by  i)ulling  down  the  guardhouse." 

Fort  Wayne  also  had  a  narrow  escape  and  was  only  saved  by  the  prompt  action  of  Harrison  him- 


self  coming  to  its  assistance.  From  now  on  the  tide  of  warfare  began  to  favor  the  Americans.  General 
Isaac  Brock,  the  British   commander,  was  killed  and  the  inefficient  Proctor  had  taken  his  place. 

On  the  10th  of  September,  1813,  Perry  met  and  defeated  the  British  fleet  in  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie. 
Harrison  and  his  army,  doggedly  followed  the  trail  of  the  fleeing  Proctor,  forced  him  to  bum  and  destroy 
Maiden  in  his  precipitous  retreat.  Tecumseh,  disheartened  and  disgusted  by  the  action  of  the  British 
commander  whom  he  hated  and  despised  as  much  as  he  had  revered  and  respected  General  Brock,  saw 
that  the  end  was  near.  Proctor  was  finally  brought  to  bay  on  the  banks  of  the  Thames.  Just  before 
this  battle  started,  Tecumseh,  gathering  his  chiefs  about  him,  said :  "Brother  warriors,  we  are  to 
enter  into  an  engagement,  from  which  I  shall  never  come  out — my  body  will  remain  on  the  field  of 
battle."  He  unbuckled  his  sword  and  handed  it  to  one  of  his  chiefs  with  the  words :  "\\'hen  my  son 
becomes  a  noted  warrior,  enabled  to  wield  a  sword,  give  this  to  him." 

For  a  time  the  British  and  their  Indian  auxiliaries  put  up  a  spirited  defense.  The  pressure  being  too 
great,  the  British  regulars  broke  and  fled.  Among  the  first  to  seek  safety  in  retreat  was  General  Proc- 
tor. To  him  the  stigma  of  cowardness  must  ever  remain.  The  Indians  under  the  indomitable  Tecumseh. 
fought  with  despairing  fierceness.  They  resisted  to  the  last.  Tecumseh,  wounded  in  the  arm,  still 
fought  on  encouraging  his  men — his  war-whoop  heard  above  the  din  of  battle.  Bleeding  and  wounded, 
still  fighting,  but  not  retreating,  Tecumseh  finally  fell  fatally  wounded.  His  prediction  made  on  the  eve 
of  the  battle  was  fulfilled. 

Tecumseh  had  taken  part  against  the  Americans  in  every  important  engagement  from  the  time  of 
General  Harmer's  defeat  until  his  death  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames. 

James  says :  "Thus  fell  the  Indian  warrior,  Tecumseh,  in  the  forty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  of  the  Shawnee  tribe,  five  feet  ten  inches  high,  and  with  more  than  usual  stoutness,  possessed  all 
the  agility  and  perseverance  of  the  Indian  character.  His  courage  was  dignified,  his  eye  penetrating,  his 
countenance,  which  even  in  death  betrayed  the  indications  of  a  lofty  spirit,  rather  of  the   sterner  cast. 

"Had  he  not  possessed  a  certain  austerity  of  manners,  he  could  not  have  controlled  the  wayward 
passions  of  those  who  followed  him  to  battle.  He  was  of  a  silent  habit ;  but  when  his  eloquence  became 
roused  into  action  by  the  reiterated  encroachments  of  the  Americans,  his  strong  intellect  could  supply 
him  with  a  flow  of  oratory  that  enabled  him,  as  he  governed  in  the  field,  so  to  prescribe  in  the  council. 

"Such  a  man  was  the  unlettered  savage,  Tecumseh.  He  has  left  a  son,  who,  when  his  father  fell, 
was  about  seventeen  years  old,  and  fought  by  his  side.  The  prince  regent  in  1814,  out  of  respect  to  the 
memory  of  the  old,  sent  out  as  a  present  to  the  young  Tecumseh,  a  handsome  sword.  Unfortunately, 
however,  for  the  Indian  cause  and  country,  faint  are  the  prospects  that  Tecumseh,  the  son,  will  ever 
equal,  in  wisdom  or  prowess,  Tecumseh,  the  father." 

With  every  new  success  of  the  American  arms  there  was  a  decided  decrease  in  the  Indian  raids. 
More  and  more  they  began  to  respect  the  "Great  Father,"  Washington.  Chief  after  chief  came  in  seek- 
ing peace. 

In  1815,  peace  was  concluded  with  England.  The  frontiers  were  quiet  and  everj^thing  was  favorable 
for  their  settlement  and  colonization. 

Three  important  treaties  between  the  United  .States  and  different  Indian  tribes  made  the  Vermil- 
ion country  reasonably  safe  for  settlement.  On  October  2,  1818.  at  St.  Marys,  Ohio,  the  Pottawatomies 
ceded  vast  territories  hitherto  claimed  by  them. 

On  July  13,  1819,  at  Edwardsville,  the  Kickapoo  relinquished  their  territorial  rights  to  Illinois  and 
Indiana  lands. 

On  August  30,  1819,  at  Fort  Harrison,  "the  chiefs,  warriors  and  headmen  of  the  tribe  of  Kickapoos 
of  the  Vermilion,"  ceded  all  their  right  and  interest  to  the  country  in  and  around  the  Vermilion  River. 

One  of  the  many  Indian  signers  of  this  treaty  was  the  Kickapoo  chief,  Pa-koi-shee-can,  "the  Flour." 
or  better  known  as  "LaFarine."  He  had  been  the  planner  and  daring  leader  of  the  Indian  attack  on 
Fort  Harrison. 

The  Indians  having  sold  their  old  haunts,  started  migrating  slowly  and  gradually  northward  and  in 
a  westerly  direction  across  the  Mississippi. 

The  Vermilion  Valley,  a  part  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  and  freed  of  her  Indian  claimants,  was  ready 
and  waiting  for  the  permanent  occupation  of  the  white  man. 


Chapter  X 


V 


the  innermost  characteristics  ot'  the   Indians 
of  the  many  speeches  made  in  the  Indians  bv  Harrisc 


ERMILIOX   County's  first  American   pathfinder  was  Joseph   Barron.     Having  lived  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  in  the  west,  he  was  hardened  by  the  savage  elements  of  the  border  and  knew 

He  was  General  Harrison's  interpreter.  Most 
were  delivered  orally  by  Barron.  It  was  Barron 
who  acted  as  Harrison's  mouthpiece 
and  messenger  in  his  dealings  with  Te- 
cumseh.  Early  in  the  year  1801,  while 
crossing  the  Vermilion  Valley,  he  vis- 
ited the  "Vermilion  salines."  Imme- 
diately after  the  treaty  at  Fort  Harri- 
son in  October,  1819,  he  determined  to 
revisit  this  countrj'  and  to  investigate 
the  possibilities  of  the  salt  springs.  The 
sail  industry  in  those  days  was  consid- 
ered one  of  the  best  means  to  acquire 
sudden  wealth  and  Barron  evidently 
believed  that  here  on  the  banks  of  the 
\'ermilion  was  his  opportunity.  Bar- 
ron, in  his  affidavit,  swears  "that  he 
was  again  at  the  same  salt  springs, 
situated  on  the  Big  Vermilion  river, 
on  the  north  side,  about  one  and  a  half 
miles  above  the  old  'Kickapoo  town," 
and  about  fifteen  or  eighteen  miles 
from  the  Big  Wabash  river,  in  the 
county  of  Clark,  State  of  Illinois,  on 
the  twenty-second  day  of  September, 
^  1819,  in  company  with  Lambert  Bona, 
^  Zachariah  Cicott  (as  we  know  the 
lame,  or  Shecott,  as  spelled  by  the 
u^iicf  of  the  peace  who  wrote  and 
iiihtd  the  affidavits  to  which  Bona, 
Kott  and  Barron  had  sworn  before 
um  on  the  eighth  of  December,  1819), 
.ind  Truman  Blackman,  together  with 
four  ."^hawnee  Indians  whom  he  (Bar- 
ion)  had  hired  and  paid  to  go  with 
and  show  him  minerals,  salt 
sjirmgs,  etc." 

The  above  affidavit  was  made  to 
secure  Barron's  interest  in  the  salt 
wells  of  the  Vermilion.  The  legisla- 
ture had  i)reviously  passed  laws  pro- 
tectmg  the  rights  of  those  discovering 
new  areas  of  salt  wells.  Upon  the  re- 
turn of  Barron's  party  from  their  trip  of  investigation,  Blackman,  without  the  consent  of  Barron,  organ- 
ized a  party  of  his  own  to  exploit  the  "Vermilion  salines."  Barron  here  drops  out  of  the  history  of  Ver- 
milion county.  Possibly  he  was  dissatisfied  with  the  jjrospects,  which  uiion  investigation  did  not  appear 
as  profitable  as  expected,  or  perhaps  disgusted  with  the  foreseeing  litigation  with  rival  claimants,  his 
fierce  spirit  rebelled  and  he  sought  again  the  wilds  of  the  borderland. 

The  salt  springs  attracted  a  few  adventurous  men,  most  of  them  single,  with  no  intention  of  settling 
and  with  only  a  temporary  interest  in  the  countrv'.  They  cannot  be  classed  as  settlers.  Their  type  is 
found  in  the  histories  of  the  development  of  all  new  sections.  They  come  between  the  real  pathfinder 
and  progress. 


Joseph  Barron 


Out  of  the  : 
men  and  fearles 


rnith  and  east,  on  horseback  and  in  wagons,  the  new  settlers  came.    These  determined 
women  won  their  battles  agamst  the  privations  of  pioneer  existence. 


The  Log  Cabin  Pioneers,  isolated,  with  aid  far  distant,  constantly  contended  against  sickness,  lone- 
liness and  Indian  attacks.  They  deserve  all  praise.  The  names  of  these  first  settlers — the  w  arriors  of  civ- 
ilization-— lead  the  roster  of  tlie  fighting  men  of  Vermilion  county. 


VERMILION  PIONEERS 


SEYMOUR  TREAT       DAN 

Henry  Johnson 

James  D.  Butler 

Henry  Johnson 

Absolom  Starr 

Jotham  Lyons 

John  Jordan 

William  Swank 

John  Myers 

Henry  McCanady 

Benjamin  Brooks 

Thomas  O'Neal 

John  Haworth 

Achilles   Morgan 

Henry  Martin 

Robert  Cotton 

Steven  Dukes 

Asa  Elliott 

John   Mills 

Alexander   McDonald 

I.  R.  Moores 

John  Le  Neve 

William  M'Dowell 

Aaron  Mendenhall 

Cyrus  Douglass 

Robert  Dickson 

John  Snider 

Dr.  Asa  Palmer 

Hezekiah  Cunningham 

Eli  Henderson 

Amos  Williams 

Levi   B.   Babb 

William  Watson 

Michael  Weaver 

Abel  Williams 


BECKWITH  FRANCIS  WHITCOMB 

1821  Samuel  Gilbert 1826 

1821  Samuel  Baum 1826 

1821  John  Larrance 1826 

1822  William  Current 1826 

1822  Andrew  Patterson 1826 

1822  Samuel  Copeland 1826 

1822  Larkin  Cook 1826 

1822  Andrew  Juvinall 1826 

1822  Samuel   Scone 1826 

1822  William  Jones 1826 

1822  William  Wright 1826 

1822  James  Graves 1826 

1822  James   Barnett 1826 

1822  John  Chandler 1826 

1823  Absolom  Collison 1826 

1823  Joseph  Smith 1826 

^^23  Samuel  Campbell 1826 

^^23  otho  Allison 1826 

^^2^  James  Donovan 1826 

1823  William  Bandy 1826 

James  Smith 1826 

^^^■^  William   Blakeney 1826 

1825 

Charles  S.  Young 1826 

1825 

Charles  Caraway 1826 

1825  Latham  Folger 1826 

1825  William  Cunningham 1826 

1825  WilHam  Current 1826 

jg25  James   Elliott 1826 

1826  i°^^  D-  ^-  Cline 1826 

1826  John  Johns 1826 

1826  John  Cox 1826 

1826  Ephraim  Acree 1826 

1826  Adam  Pate 1826 


J 


Chapter  XI 


VDIAXA  on   Decenihcr  11 

1816,  was  adm 

ernment  utitil  Decemlier  3, 

1818.  when  she  t 

December  11,   1816 


itted  as  a  state.    Illinois  retained  her  territorial  form  of  gov- 
00  became  a  state  of  the  Union. 

1(1,  Illinois  has  done  more  to  preser\e  and  weld  together  the 
ties  of  the  Union  than  any  state  that  came 
efore  or  after. 

December  3,  1818,  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
ortant  foundation  dates  of  progress  and  se- 
curity in  the  history  of  the  United  States. 

January  13,  1825,  Vermilion  county  was 
founded. 

Tlie  time  has  now  arrived  when  the  Ver- 
m  valley  reaps  the  reward  of  progress  and 
ut  in  control  of  her  own  particular  des- 


The  three  Commissioners  elected  to  or- 
ganize Vermilion  county  were:  James  But- 
ler, Achilles  Morgan  and  John  B.  Alexander. 

The  first  Commissioners  Court  was  held 
at  the  house  of  James  Butler,  March  6,  1826. 
\k-xander  was  absent  at  the  first  session.  A 
-cciind  meeting  of  the  court  was  held  in  the 
same  place  in  the  latter  part  of  March,  all 
I  1  jmmissioners  being  present.  At  this  meeting 
Amos  AMlliams  was  appointed  clerk  and 
Charles  Martin,  constable. 


A  (irand  Jurj^  was  also  selected  at  this  session  of  the  court  in  March.     Those  composing  the  first 
Grand   Jurv  of  \'ermilion  countv  were: 


John  Haworth 
Henry  Canady 
Barnett  Starr 
James  McClewer 
Alexander  McDonald 
Henr\-  Johnson 
Jacob  Brazelton 
Peleg  Spencer,  Sr. 
Isaac  H.  Howard 
Robert   Gricle 
John  Current 
John  Lamm 


Robert   Dixon 
Edward  Doyle 
John  Cassidy 
Henry  Martin 
William  Haworth 
Jonathan   Hawortii 
Francis  W'hitcomb 
Amos  W'oodin 
Jesse  Gilbert 
Cyrus  Douglass 
Harvey  Luddingtnn 
George  Beckwith 


June  5,  1826,  there  was  another  meeti 
of  the  Commissioners  Court.     At  this  sessi 
Charles  Martin  was  given  a  voucher  for  <i 
dollar    ($1.00)    for  his   attending  the   Marci 
term  of  court.    This  is  the  first  money  official  1; 
expended  by  the  county. 

September  4,  1826,  a  new  Commissioner- 
Court  was  organized  with  Achilles  Morgan 
Asa  Elliott  and  James  McClewer  as  member- 

On  December  II,  1826,  they  held  thei 
first  meeting  at  the  house  of  James  Butler. 

Their  next  meeting  was  in  June,  182".  .a 
the  home  of  Asa  Elliott. 


December  3,   1818 


January  13 


At  the  time  the  Illinois  legislature  passed  the  act  for  the  establishment  of  Vermilion  county,  it  also 
made  provision  for  the  founding  of  a  county  seat.  The  legislature  selected  and  confirmed  the  appointment 
of  "John  Boyd  and  Joel  Phelps,  of  Crawford  county  and  Samuel  Pre\o  of  Clark  county,  as  Commissioners 
to  meet  at  the  house  of  James  Butler  on 
the  second  Monday  of  March,  then  next ; 
and,  after  taking  oath  for  a  faithful  dis- 
charge  of  their  trust,  to  examine  for,  and 
determine  on,  a  place  for  the  permanent 
seat  of  justice  for  the  county,  taking  into 
consideration  the  convenience  of  the  peo- 
ple, the  situation  of  the  settlement,  with 
an  e3'e  to  the  future  population  and  eligi- 
bility of  the  place."  Furthermore,  "the 
act  further  required  that  the  owner  of 
the  land  selected  as  the  County  Seat 
should  donate  and  convey  the  same  to 
the  county  in  a  quantity  not  less  than 
twenty  acres  in  a  square  form,  and  not 
more  than  twice  as  wide,  to  be  laid  olT 
in  lots  and  to  be  sold  by  the  County  Com- 
missioners for  the  purpose  of  erecting 
public  buildings.  In  case  of  refusal  of 
the  owner  to  donate  the  required  land 
the  Commissioners  were  required  to  lo- 
cate the  County  Seat  on  the  land  of  some 
other  person  who  would  make  the  do- 
nation contemplated  by  the  act." 

While  the  Commissioners  Court  was 
working  toward  the  establishment  of  or- 
ganized government  for  the  new  county 
of  Vermilion,  the  commissioners  ap- 
pointed by  the  legislature  to  pick  out  the 
site  for  the  county  seat  met  and  con- 
ferred. 

Their  finding  was  of  such  a  nature  that  it  was  self-evident  that  they  did  not  give  the  matter  the 
sincere  thought  that  it  deserved.  They  selected  and  offered  as  a  site  for  the  new  county  seat  one  of  the 
worst  pieces  of  ground  from  a  town  site  proposition  within  the  confines  of  the  new  county.  They  se- 
lected for  confirmation  a  plot  of  land  which  was  included  in  the  .Salt  Springs  district.  There  was  nothing 
to  recommend  their  choice.  The  topography  of  this  area  was  flat  and  low.  Its  drainage  would  at  all 
times  be  an  expensive  problem  for  a  town.  Poor  draining  meant  eventual  and  constant  sickness  with 
an  unhealthy  reputation  for  the  city  built  there. 

Throughout  the  breadth  of  the  county,  there  was  instant  clamor  and  remonstrance.  Fortunately  the 
spot  selected  by  the  Commissioners  was  already  leased  and  the  owner  of  the  lease  objected  strenously 
to  giving  it  up.  So  insistent  were  the  inhabitants  in  condemning  this  selection  that  the  legislature  in  De- 
cember, 1827,  passed  the  following  act: 

"Whereas,  the  seat  of  justice  of  Vermilion  county  has  been  located  by  the  Commissioners  appointed 
at  the  last  session  on  land  which  was  then  and  is  now,  leased  by  the  Governor  for  a  term  of  years  to  cer- 
tain persons  for  the  manufacture  of  salt;  and  whereas;  the  said  lessees  are  unwilling  to  surrender  the 
same  or  any  part,  for  the  use  of  the  county,  in  consequence  of  which  no  improvements  can  be  made 
thereon,  and  the  citizens  having  petitioned  for  its  removal,  and  for  remedy  whereof,  it  was  enacted  that 
William  Morgan,  Zachariah  Peters,  and  John  Kirkpatrick,  of  Sangamon  county,  be  declared  Commis- 
sioners, to  explore  the  county  and  designate  the  place,  which,  on  being  located,  should  forever  remain  the 
permanent  seat  of  justice  of  Vermilion  county." 

Many  towns  tried  then  to  secure  the  coveted  prestige  of  becoming  the  county  seat.  The  now  decadent 
town  of  Denmark  lead  in  the  race,  and  almost  convinced  the  Commissioners  to  favor  it  as  the  suitable 
spot.  While  difl:"erent  established  communities  were  contending  and  bringing  to  bear  every  ounce  of  influ- 
ence to  land  the  county  seat,  two  pioneer  inhabitants  decided  to  take  a  hand  themselves. 

Dan  Beckwith  owned  twenty  acres  at  the  mouth  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Vermilion  River.  Guy  W. 
Smith  owned  sixty  acres  immediately  adjoining  this  land  of  Beckwith's.  After  consulting  together,  they 
offered  their  combined  eighty  acres  as  the  future  seat  of  the  government  for  Vermilion  county.  This  land 
had  many  advantages.  It  was  high  and  healthful.  The  well  water  in  this  vicinity  was  excellent.  The  eighty 
acres  besides  were  located  on  the  banks  of  a  river  which  some  day  might  be  made  navigable.  These 
two  men  urging  their  claim  for  recognition  were  ably  helped  by  the  county  clerk,  Mr.  Amos  Williams, 
who  was  a  staunch  friend  of  Dan  Beckwith.  The  Commissioners,  upon  thorough  investigation,  finally 
approved  this  location.    Beckwith  and  Smith  deeded  their  eighty  acres  to  the  county.    The  land  was  at 

82 


once  sur\-eyed  and  subdivided  into  one  hundred  lots.  Beckwith  himself,  as  county  survej'or,  staked  out 
the  lots.  The  sale  was  advertised  in  a  Vandalia  paper,  "The  Intelligencer,"  to  take  place  April  10,  1827. 
On  this  day  tlie  whole  county  was  represented,  people  coming  from  far  and  near.  The  sale  started  with 
Harvey  Luddington  as  auctioneer.  It  lasted  most  of  the  day  and  when  over  they  found  forty-two  lots  had 
been  sold  for  a  gross  price  of  $922.00 — the  lots  therefore  averaging  about  $22.00  each.  This  in  the  eyes 
of  all  was  considered  a  propitious  beginning,  but  as  yet  the  town  had  no  name.  A  suitable  name  was  at 
once  necessan-.  Many  names  were  advanced,  since  many  people  had  been  prominent  in  urging  a  selec- 
tion of  the  eighty  acres  belonging  to  Smith  and  Beckwith.  Finally  some  of  the  friends  of  Dan  Beckwith 
remarked  that  since  he  had  owned  the  land  originally  and  had  actually  done  the  greater  part  of  the  work 
in  staking  the  lots  out,  it  was  no  more  than  just  that  posterity  should  recognize  and  pay  tribute  to  his 
labors.  This  met  with  the  approval  of  all.  The  county  seat  was  them  named  Danville.  It  had  a  ringing 
sound.  It  was  easy  to  pronounce.  It  was  above  all  a  fitting  reward  for  a  worthy  man.  With  the  meeting 
on  the  first  Monday  in  September,  1827.  of  the  Commissioners  Court  in  Danville  at  the  home  of  Amos 
Williams,  the  county  government  was  in   full  operation. 


Chapter  XII 


IT  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  work  to  chronicle  the  successive  steps  of  Vermilion  County's  gradual 
growth — but  to  blazon  upon  the  scroll  of  fame  the  valiant  deeds  performed  by  her  spirited  sons  in 
her  hours  of  need.  Especial  stress  is  laid  on  the  martial  part  played  by  her  in  our  country's  con- 
flicts with  the  Indians,  the  southern  slave-holders  and  foreign  foes. 

It  is  the  fighting  men  of  Vermilion  we  wish  to  honor,  and  it  is  the  renown  of  their  deeds  we  here 
record,  that  in  the  years  to  come  their  names  may  serve  as  models  of  inspiration  for  the  unborn  genera- 
tions that  follow  after. 

The  first  serious  menace  to  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  Vermilion  County  occurred  in  the  summer 
of  1827.  Again  it  was  the  Indian  who  caused  the  alarm.  It  was  the  Indian  from  far  outside  the  con- 
fines of  Vermilion  County  which  spread  the  ever-present  fear  of  border  warfare. 

The  W'innebagoes  who  lived  in  the  country  lying  between  Green  Bay  and  the  Mississippi  River 
threatened  a  war  of  retaliation.  This  action  on  their  part  was  caused  by  the  ill  treatment  some  of  the 
members  of  their  nation  had  received  at  the  hands  of  the  white  man.  The  W'innebagoes  had  just  cause 
for  resentment.  Some  white  traders  ascending  the  Mississippi  stopped  at  a  Winnebago  camp  immedi- 
ately above  Prairie  du  Chien.  Here  a  general  carousal  took  place.  While  the  drinking  was  at  its  height, 
the  white  men  kidnapped  some  of  the  Indian  squaws  and  taking  them  to  their  boats,  continued  their  voy- 
age up  the  river. 

Their  destination  was  Fort  Snelling.  Reaching  this  point  they  stayed  there  a  few  days  before  start- 
ing on  their  return  down  the  river.  All  this  while  they  held  the  Indian  women  on  their  scows  Floating 
down  the  Mississippi  in  the  narrowest  part  of  the  river,  they  were  attacked  by  the  outraged  friends  and 
relatives  of  the  W'innebago  squaws.  A  general  fight  took  place  in  which  some  of  the  white  men  were 
killed  and  many  were  wounded.  In  the  midst  of  the  excitement  the  women  made  good  their  escape.  Finally 
the  Indians  were  driven  ofif  and  their  boats  gained  the  safety  of  deeper  waters.  The  news  of  the  outrage 
spread  like  wild-fire  throughout  all  the  Winnebago  country.  If  a  Tecumseh  or  Pontiac  had  appeared, 
the  so-called  Winnebago  war  could  easily  have  reached  serious  proportions.  The  Indians'  cause  for  resent- 
ment was  just,  but  lacking  the  necessary  leader  they  only  clamored  and  threatened.  Their  wrath  was 
not  turned  into  action.  The  attitude  Oif  the  Winnebagoes  in  and  around  Fort  Dearborn  became  very 
hostile.  The  settlers  were  seriously  alarmed  for  their  safety,  and  sent  out  messengers  seeking  aid.  The 
ride  of  Colonel  Gordon  Hubbard  was  one  of  the  most  spectacular  feats  of  speed  and  endurance  in  the 
annals  of  the  west.  He  left  Chicago  about  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and  arrived  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Danville  late  the  next  day.  His  destination  was  the  settlements  in  and  about  Vermilion  County. 
He  knew  that  the  inhabitants  here  would  respond  readily  and  quickly  to  Fort  Dearborn's  call  for  assist- 
ance. In  the  archives  of  Wisconsin's  historical  collections  is  an  account  by  Colonel  Hubbard  himself  in 
which  he  says : 

"The  first  intelligence  we  had  of  the  massacre  on  the  upper  Mississippi  river,  in  1827,  here  at  Fort 
Dearborn,  was  brought  by  General  Cass,  who,  at  the  time,  was  at  Green  Bay  far  the  purpose  of  holding 
a  treaty.  The  moment  the  general  received  the  news  of  the  hostile  proceedings  of  the  W^innebagoes,  he 
started  in  a  birchbark  canoe,  descended  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  rivers  to  Jefterson  Barracks, 
where  he  prevailed  on  the  commanding  ofificer  to  take  the  responsibilty  of  chartering  a  steamer  and  send- 
ing troops  up  the  Mississippi.  The  expedition  left  the  morning  after  General  Cass  arrived  there,  he 
accompanying  the  party  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  River,  which  he  ascended,  and  came  here  to 
Chicago  in  his  light  canoe. 

"I  was  taking  breakfast  with  Mr.  John  Kinzie,  when  we  heard  the  Canadian  boat-song.  Mr.  Kinzie 
remarked  that  the  leader's  voice  was  like  Forsyth's,  secretary'  to  General  Cass.  We  all  rushed  to  the 
piazza,  the  canoe  propelled  by  thirteen  voyagers  was  coming  rapidly  down  the  river  in  full  view — a  beau- 
tiful sight.  We  hastened  to  the  bank,  receiving  General  Cass  and  Forsyth,  the  latter  a  nephew  of  Mr. 
Kinzie.  While  they  were  eating  their  breakfast  they  gave  us  full  particulars  of  what  had  transpired. 
General  Cass  remained,  perhaps,  two  hours  and  left,  coasting  Lake  Michigan.  Big  Foot's  village  was 
at  what  is  now  Geneva  Lake,  then  known  as  Big  Foot's  Lake.  An  expedition  was  contemplated  by  Big 
Foot's  band  to  capture  Fort  Dearborn,  and  to  this  end  this  chief  had  been  at  the  fort  circulating  the  war 
wampum  among  the  Pottawatomies  while  they  were  here  receiving  their  annuities.  But  all  to  no  purpose. 
It  was  not  accepted  by  the  chiefs  and  braves  of  the  Pottawatomies.  This  effort  to  get  aid  from  the  Potta- 
watomies was  kept  so  secret  that  not  a  white  man  knew  a  thing  about  it.  The  Indians  had  left  the  fort 
before  General  Cass  came,  but  Big  Foot's  band  lingered.  During  this  time  the  fort,  then  evacuated, 
was  struck  by  lightning.  The  barracks  on  the  east  side,  the  storehouse  at  the  south  gate,  and  part  of  the 
guard  house  at  the  south  gate,  bunied  down. 

"It  was  at  the  time  blowing  and  raining  furiously.  I  was  sleeping  with  Robert  Kinzie,  United 
.States  postmaster,  in  his  father's  house.  We  put  on  our  clothes,  ran  to  the  river,  and  found  our  canoe 
filled  with  water;  we  could  make  no  headway  with  it.  W'e  then  swam  the  river  and  aided  in  extinguish- 
ing the  fire.  We  received  no  aid  from  the  Indians  of  Big  Foot's  band.  We  thought  it  strange  at  the  time 
and  they  decamped  in  the  morning.  The  news  by  General  Cass  made  us  suspicious  of  Big  Foot.  That 
same  day  we  sent  Shaubanee  and  Bill  Caldwell  to  Big  Foot's  village  as  spies,  to  ascertain  what  the  Indians' 


intentions  were.     Caldwell  secreted  himself  in  the  woods,   sending   .shaubanee   into   the   camp.      He   was 
immediately  seized,  but  by  his  presence  of  mind  and  shrewdness,  was  liberated. 

"He  was  escorted  by  Big  Foot  Indians  for  half  a  day,  Shaubanee  giving  a  signal  as  they  passed  near 
where  Caldwell  was,  so  that  he  and  Caldwell  did  not  return  together,  Caldwell  reaching  here  about  two 
hours  later.  Shaubanee  reported  that  he  was  questioned  as  to  the  quantity  of  guns  and  ammunition  the 
traders  had  here,  which  led  him  to  think  an  attack  was  contemplated.  Big  Foot  admitted  he  had  joined 
the  W'innebagoes  to  drive  the  whites  from  the  country,  urging  Shaubanee  to  act  with  him,  who  replied 
that  he  would  go  home,  call  a  council  of  his  braves  and  send  him  an  answer. 

"There  were  only  about  thirty  whites  here  at  Chicago,  able  to  bear  arms  at  that  time.  A  council 
was  called,  which  resulted  in  a  resolution  to  send  two  or  three  to  the  Wabash  for  aid.  Three  volunteers 
were  called  for  this  purpose,  but  no  one  seemed  willing  to  go.  I  volunteered  to  go  alone.  Mrs.  Helm, 
who  was  here  at  the  massacre  of  1812,  but  fifteen  years  ago,  objected  on  the  ground  that  I  was  the  only 
one  who  had  sufficient  influence  to  command  the  voyaguers,  in  case  of  attack,  but  it  was  finally  decided 
that  I  should  go.  I  started  about  four  o'clock  P.  M.  and  reached  within  two  miles  of  Danville,  at  my 
destination,  the  next  afternoon — one  hundred  and  twenty  miles.  Runners  were  immediately  dispatched 
through  the  settlements  and  the  second  day.  one  hundred  mounted  volunteers  reported  and  we  left  for 

Chicago,  reaching  there  the  seventh 
day  after  my  leaving  the  fort.  These 
volunteers  remained,  I  think,  about 
twenty-five  days,  when  we  received 
news  that  the  troops  from  Jefferson 
Barracks  had  reached  the  upper  Mis- 
sissipiii.  The  AMnnebagoes,  surprised 
at  their  arrival,  got  together  and  con- 
cluded a  peace  with  the  commanding 
officer." 

Hezekiah  Cunningham,  a  resident 
of  Vermilion  County,  wrote  an  accu- 
rate and  interesting  treaties  on  the  part 
played  by  the  Vermilion  settlers  in 
this  war.  This  Indian  outbreak  does 
not  deserve  the  title  of  a  war  as  in 
reality  all  the  fighting  that  occurred 
happened  in  the  first  encounter  be- 
ween  the  boatmen  and  the  relations 
of  the  outraged  Indian  squaws.  The 
turmoil  along  the  frontiers  though  was 
Ml  great  the  settlers  did  not  know  what 
to  e.xpect  and  naturally  anticipated 
serious  trouble.  Mr.  Cunningham's 
storj'  as  taken  from  Beckwith's  his- 
tor}'  follows : 

"I  was  out  in  the  Winnebago  war. 
Myself,  Joshua  Parish,  now  living  at 
<  ieorgetown,  Abel  ^^'illiams.  living 
near  Dallas,  and  almost  ninety  years 
old,  and  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard,  of  Chi- 
cago, are  the  only  survivors,  according 
to  the  best  of  my  present  information. 
"In  the  night-time,  about  the  15th 
or  20th  of  July.  1827,  I  was  awakened 
my  brother-in-law,  Alexander  Mc- 
Donald, telling  me  that  Mr.  Hubbard 
had  just  come  in  from  Chicago  with 
the  word  that  the  Indians  were  about 
to  massacre  the  peojde  there,  and  that 
men  were  wanted  for  their  protection  at  once.  The  inhabitants  of  the  county  capable  of  bearing  arms 
had  been  enrolled  under  the  militia  laws  of  the  state,  and  organized  as  'The  Vermilion  County  Battalion,' 
in  which  I  held  a  commission  as  captain.  I  dressed  myself  and  started  forthwith  to  notify'all  the  men 
belonging  to  my  company  to  meet  at  Butler's  Point  (six  miles  southwest  of  Danville),  the  place  where 
the  county  business  was  then  conducted  and  where  the  militia  met  to  muster.  The  captains  of  the  other 
companies  were  notified,  the  same  as  myself,  and  they  warned  out  their  resi)ective  companies  the  same  as 
I  did  mine.     I  rode  the  remainder  of  the  night  at  this  work  up  and  down  the  Little  Vermilion. 

"At  noon  the  next  day  the  battalion  was  at  Butler's  Point.  Most  of  the  men  lived  on  the  Little 
Vermilion  River,  and  had  to  ride  or  walk  from  six  to  twelve  miles  to  the  place  of  rendezvous.  Volun- 
teers were  called   for,   and   in  a   little   time  fifty  men,  the  required  number,  were  raised.     Those  who 

85 


Hezekiah  Cunningham 


agreed  to  go  then  lield  an  election  of  their  officers  for  the  campaign,  choosing  Achilles  Morgan,  captain; 
Major  Bayles,  first-lieutenant;  and  Colonel  Isaac  R.  Moores  as  second  lieutenant.  The  names  of  the 
private  men,  as  far  as  I  now  remember  them,  are  as  follows:  George  M.  Beckwith,  John  Beasley,  myself 
{  Hezekiah  Cunningham),  Julian  Ellis,  Sherman  Cox,  James  Dixon,  Asa  Elliott,  Francis  Foley,  \\iiliam 
Foley,  a  Mr.  Hammers,  Jacob  Heater,  a  Mr.  Davis,  Erin  Morgan,  Isaac  Goen,  Jonathan  Phelps,  Josh- 
ua Parish,  William  Reed.  John  Myers  ('Eittle  Vermilion  John),  John  S.  Saulsbur}-,  a  Mr.  Kirkman, 
Anthony  Swisher,  George  Swisher,  Joseph  Price,  George  Weir,  John  \'aughn,  Newton  Wright  and  Abel 
Williams.  Many  of  the  men  were  without  horses,  and  the  neighbors  who  had  horses  and  did  not  go 
loaned  their  animals  to  those  who  did.  Still  there  were  five  men  who  started  afoot,  as  there  were  no 
horses  to  be  had  for  them.  We  disbanded,  after  we  were  mustered  in,  and  went  home  to  cook  fi\  e  days' 
rations,  and  were  ordered  to  be  at  Danville  the  next  day. 

"The  men  all  had  a  pint  of  whisky,  believing  it  essential  to  mix  a  little  of  it  with  the  slough  water 
we  were  to  drink  on  our  route.  Abel  Williams,  however,  was  smart  enough  to  take  some  ground  coffee 
and  a  tin  cup  along,  using  no  stimulants  whatever.  He  had  warm  drinks  on  the  way  up  to  Chicago, 
and  coming  back  all  of  us  had  the  same. 

"We  arrived  at  the  Vermilion  River  about  noon  on  Sunday,  the  day  after  assembling  at  Butler's 
Point.  The  river  was  up,  running,  bank  full,  about  a  hundred  yards  wide,  with  a  strong  current.  Our 
men  and  saddles  were  taken  over  in  a  canoe.  We  undertook  to  swim  our  horses,  and  as  they  were  driven 
into  the  water  the  current  would  strike  them  and  thev  would  swim  in  a  circle  and  return  to  the  shore  a 


Winnebago  Medicine  Lodge 

few  rods  below.  Mr.  Hubbard,  provoked  at  this  delay,  threw  off  his  coat  and  said,  'Give  me  Old  Charley', 
meaning  a  large,  steady-going  horse,  owned  by  James  Butler,  and  loaned  to  Jacob  Heater.  Mr.  Hub- 
bard, mounting  this  horse,  boldly  dashed  into  the  stream,  and  the  other  horses  were  quickly  crowded  after 
him.  The  water  was  so  swift  that  'Old  Charley'  became  unmanageable,  when  Mr.  Hubbard  dismounted 
on  the  upper  side  and  seized  the  horse  by  the  mane,  near  the  animal's  head,  and  swimming  with  his  left 
arm,  guided  the  horse  in  the  direction  of  the  opposite  shore.  We  were  afraid  he  would  be  washed  under 
the  horse,  or  struck  by  his  feet  and  be  drowned ;  but  he  got  over  without  damage,  except  the  wetting  of 
his  broadcloth  pants  and  moccasins.     These  he  had  to  dry  on  his  person  as  we  pursued  our  journey. 

"I  will  here  say  that  a  better  man  than  Mr.  Hubbard  could  not  have  been  sent  to  our  people.  He 
was  well-known  to  all  the  settlers.  His  generosity,  his  quiet  and  determined  courage,  and  his  integrity, 
were  so  well-known  and  appreciated  that  he  had  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  everybody,  and  was  a 
well-recognized  leader  among  us  pioneers. 

"At  this  time  there  were  no  persons  living  on  the  north  bank  of  the  A'ermilion  River  near  Danville, 
except  Robert  Trickle  and  George  Weir,  up  near  the  present  woolen  factor}',  and  William  Reed  and  Dan 
Beckwith ;  the  latter  had  a  little  log  cabin  on  the  bluff  of  the  Vermilion,  near  the  present  highway  bridge, 
or  rather  on  the  edge  of  the  hill  east  of  the  highway  some  rods.  Here  he  kept  store,  in  addition  to  his 
oflicial  duties  as  constable  and  county  surveyor.  The  store  contained  a  small  assortment  of  such  arti- 
cles as  were  suitable  for  barter  with  the  Indians,  who  were  the  principal  customers.  We  called  it  'The 
Saddle-bags  Store,'  because  the  supplies  were  brought  up  from  Terre  Haute  in  saddle-bags,  that  indis- 
pensable accompaniment  of  every  rider  in  those  days,  before  highways  were  provided  for  the  use  of  vehi- 
cles. 


"Mr.  Reed  had  been  elected  sheriff  the  previous  March,  receiving  fifty-seven  out  of  eighty  votes 
that  were  cast  in  the  election,  and  which  represented  about  the  entire  voting  population  of  the  county 
at  that  time.  Both  Reed  and  Dan  wanted  to  go  with  us,  and  after  quite  a  warm  controversy  between  them, 
as  it  was  impossible  for  them  both  to  leave,  it  was  agreed  that  Reed  should  go,  and  that  Beckwith  would 
look  after  the  affairs  of  both  until  Reed's  return.  Amos  Williams  was  building  his  house  at  Danville  at 
this  time,  the  sale  of  lots  having  taken  place  the  previous  April. 

"Crossing  the  North  Fork  at  Denmark,  three  miles  north  of  Danville,  we  passed  the  cabin  of  Sey- 
mour Treat.  He  was  building  a  mill  at  that  place,  and  his  house  was  the  last  one  in  which  a  family  was 
living  until  we  reached  Hubbard's  trading  post  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Iroquois  River,  near  which  has 
since  been  known  as  the  town  of  Buncombe,  and  from  this  trading  house  there  was  no  other  habitation, 
Indian  wigwams  excepted,  on  the  line  of  our  march  until  we  reached  Fort  Dearborn. 

"It  was  a  wilderness  of  prairie  all  the  way,  except  a  little  timber  we  passed  through  near  .Sugar 
Creek  and  at  the  Iroquois. 

"Late  in  the  same  afternoon  that  we  passed  Treat's  house,  we  halted  at  the  last  crossing  of  the 
North  Fork,  at  Bicknell's  Point,  a  little  north  of  the  present  town  of  Rossville.  Here  three  of  the 
footmen  turned  back,  as  the  condition  of  the  streams  rendered  it  impossible  for  them  to  continue  longer 
with  us.  Two  men  who  had  horses  also  left  us.  After  a  hasty  lunch  we  struck  out  across  the  eighteen- 
mile  prairie,  the  men  stringing  out  on  the  trail  Indian  file,  reaching  Sugar  Creek  late  in  the  night,  where 
we  went  into  camp  on  the  south  bank,  near  the  ]iresent  town  of  Milford. 


-V-i^-- 


/^:^ 


Chicago 


"The  next  day  before  noon  we  arrived  at  Hubbard's  Trading  House,  which  was  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  Iroquois,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  river.  A  lot  of  Indians,  some  of  them  half  naked, 
were  lying  and  lounging  about  the  river-bank  and  trading  house ;  and  when  it  was  proposed  to  swim  our 
horses  over,  in  advance  of  i)assing  the  men  in  boats,  the  men  objected,  fearing  the  Indians  would  take 
our  horses,  or  stampede  them,  or  do  us  some  other  mischief.  Mr.  Hubbard  assured  us  that  these  savages 
were  friendly,  and  we  afterward  learned  that  they  were  Pottawatomies,  known  as  'Hubbard's  Band,' 
from  the  fact  that  he  had  long  traded  with  and  had  a  ver\-  great  influence  over  them. 

"It  is  proper  to  state  that  we  were  deficient  in  arms.  We  gathered  up  squirrel-rifles,  flint-locks,  old 
muskets,  or  anything  like  a  gun  that  we  may  have  had  about  our  houses.  Some  of  us  had  no  fire-arms  at 
all.  I  myself  was  among  this  number.  Mr.  Hubbard  supplied  those  of  us  who  had  inefficient  weai)ons, 
or  those  of  us  who  were  without  them.  He  also  gave  us  flour  and  salt  pork.  He  had  lately  brought  up 
the  Iroquois  River  a  supply  of  these  articles.  We  remained  at  Hubbard's  Trading  House  the  remainder 
of  the  day,  cooking  rations  and  sup])lying  our  necessities.  The  next  morning  we  again  moved  forward, 
swimming  Beaver  Creek,  and  crossing  the  Kankakee  River  at  the  rapids,  just  at  the  head  of  the  island 
near  Momence ;  pushing  along,  we  passed  Yellovvhead's  village.  The  old  chief,  with  a  few  old  men  and 
the  squaws  and  ])apooses,  was  at  home :  the  young  men  were  off  on  a  hunt.  Remaining  here  a  little 
time  we  again  set  out,  and,  going  about  five  miles,  encamped  at  the  ()oint  of  the  timber  on  Yellowhead's 
Creek.  The  next  morning  we  again  set  out,  crossing  a  branch  of  the  Calumet  to  the  west  of  the  Blue 
Island.  All  the  way  from  Danville,  we  had  followed  an  Indian  trail,  since  known  as  'Hubbard's  trace.' 
There  was  no  sign  of  roads ;  the  prairies  and  whole  country  was  crossed  and  recrossed  by  Indian  trails, 
and  we  never  could  have  got  through  but  for  the  knowledge  Mr.  Hubbard  had  of  the  country.  It  had 
been  raining  for  some  days  before  we  left  home,  and  it  rained  almost  every  day  on  the  route.  The  streams 
and  sloughs  were  full  of  water.  A\'e  swam  the  former  and  traveled  through  the  latter,  sometimes  almost 
by  the  hour.     Many  of  the  ponds  were  so  deep  that  our  men  dipped  up  the  water  to  drink  as  they  sat 


in  their  saddles.  Colonel  Hubbard  fared  better  than  the  rest  of  us — that  is,  he  did  nut  get  his  legs  wet 
so  often,  for  he  rode  a  very  tall,  iron-gray  stallion,  that  Peleg  Spencer,  Sr.,  living  two  miles  south  of 
Danville,  loaned  him.  The  little  Indian  pony  which  Hubbard  rode  in  from  the  Iroquois  to  Spencer's 
was  so  used  up  as  to  be  unfit  for  the  return  jounicy. 

"We  reached  Chicago  about  four  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  the  fourth  day,  in  the  midst  of  one  of 
the  most  severe  rainstorms  I  ever  experienced,  accompanied  by  thunder  and  vicious  lightning.  The  rain 
we  did  not  mind  ;  we  were  without  tents,  and  were  used  to  the  wetting.  The  water  we  took  within  us  hurt 
us  much  more  than  that  which  fell  upon  us,  as  drinking  it  made  many  of  us  sick. 

"The  people  of  Chicago  were  very  glad  to  see  us.  They  were  expecting  an  attack  everj-  hour  since 
Colonel  Hubbard  had  left  them,  and  as  we  approached  they  did  not  know  whether  we  were  enemies  or 
friends,  and  when  they  learned  that  we  were  friends  they  gave  us  a  shout  of  welcome. 

"They  had  organized  a  company  of  thirty  or  fifty  men,  composed  mostly  of  Canadian  half-breeds, 
interspersed  with  a  few  Americans,  all  under  command  of  Captain  Beaubien;  the  Americans,  seeing  that 
we  were  a  better  looking  crowd,  wanted  to  leave  their  associates  and  join  our  company.  This  feeling 
caused  quite  a  row,  and  the  officers  finally  restored  harmony,  and  the  discontented  men  went  back  to  their 
old  command. 

"The  town  of  Chicago  was  composed  at  this  time  of  six  or  seven  American  families,  a  number  of 
half-breeds,  and  a  lot  of  idle,  vagabond  Indians  loitering  about.  I  made  the  acquaintance  of  Robert  and 
James  Kinzie,  and  their  father,  John  Kinzie. 

"We  kept  guard  day  and  night  for  some  eight  or  ten  days,  when  a  runner  came  in — I  think  from 
Green  Bay — bringing  word  that  General  Cass  had  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes.  and  that 
we  might  now  disband  and  go  home. 

"The  citizens  were  overjoyed  at  the  news,  and  in  their  gladness  they  turned  out  one  barrel  of  gin, 
one  barrel  of  brandy,  one  barrel  of  whisky,  knocking  the  heads  of  the  barrels  in.  Everybody  was  invited 
to  take  a  free  drink,  and,  to  tell  the  plain  truth,  everybody  did  drink. 

"The  ladies  at  Fort  Dearborn  treated  us  especially  well.  I  say  this  without  disparaging  the  good  and 
cordial  conduct  of  the  men  toward  us.  The  ladies  gave  us  all  manner  of  good  things  to  eat ;  they  loaded 
us  with  provisions,  and  gave  us  all  those  delicate  attentions  that  the  kindness  of  woman's  heart  would 
suggest.  Some  of  them — three  ladies,  whom  I  understood  were  recently  from  New  York — distributed 
tracts  and  other  reading  matter  among  our  company,  and  interested  themselves  zealously  in  our  spiritual 
as  well  as  temporal  welfare. 

"We  started  on  our  return,  camping  out  of  nights,  and  reaching  home  on  the  evening  of  the  third 
day.  The  only  good  water  we  got  going  out  or  coming  back  was  at  a  remarkable  spring  bursting  out 
of  the  top  of  a  little  mound  in  the  midst  of  a  slough,  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Kankakee.  I  shall  never 
forget  this  spring ;  it  was  a  curiosity,  found  in  the  situation  I  have  described. 

"In  conclusion,  under  the  bounty  act  of  1852,  I  received  a  warrant  for  eighty  acres  of  land  for  my 
ser\'ices  in  the  campaign  above  narrated. 


Chapter  XIII 


THE  Black  Hawk  war  was  the  last  Indian  uprising  to  disturb  the  growth  and  development  of  Illinois 
It  was  not  of  serious  enough  character  to  be  entitled  even  a  revolt.  It  was  unplanned  and  unpreme- 
ditated.    Its  growth  was  found  in  the  sudden  bursts  of  passion  of  white  man  and  Indian.    Retali- 
ation by  both  races  soon  took  on  the  proportions  of  a  general  conflict.     Its  result  was  the  passing  of  the 
Indian  from  Illinois  history  entirely.  '' 

Black  Hawk  was  bom  in  1767  at  the  Sac  village  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Rock  river.    His  father 

by  the  name  of  Pyesa,  was  one  of  the 
smaller  chiefs  of  the  Rock  river  band 
of  the  Sac  tribe.  In  the  war  of  1812 
Black  Hawk,  at  the  head  of  his  fight- 
ing men,  fought  under  the  great  Te- 
cumseh.  After  this  war  was  over  with 
and  peace  declared.  Black  Hawk,  like 
most  of  the  other  Indian  chiefs,  en- 
deavored to  live  in  peace  and  harmony 
with  the  white  man,  but  it  seemed  as 
if  in  his  particular  case  this  was  to  be 
an  impossibility.  Unforeseen  instances 
were  ever  occurring  to  widen  the 
breach  between  his  tribe  and  the  white 
man  in  general.  The  real  cause  of  the 
Black  Hawk  war  started  when  Keo- 
kuk, one  of  the  most  prominent  of  the 
Sac  chiefs,  sold  all  of  the  Sac  lands 
east  of  the  Mississipjii  to  the  United 
States  government.  The  amount  of 
land  sold  was  26,500,000  acres  lying 
in  the  states  of  Missouri,  Wisconsin 
and  Illinois,  and  the  price  was  three 
cents  an  acre.  The  treaty  under  which 
this  sale  was  made  was  signed  on  July 
15,  1830,  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  Black 
Hawk  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  sale 
and  when  informed  about  it  was 
stunned  and  astonished.  By  this  treaty 
in  which  he  had  had  noi  voice,  he  and 
his  people  were  e.\])ected  to  abandon 
their  village  immediately.  This  village 
was  located  on  the  point  of  land  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Rock  river  and 
tlie  Mississippi.  Here  they  had  over 
700  acres  of  fine  com  land,  and  accord- 
ing to  their  traditions,  it  had  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  Sac  tribe  for  over 
Black  Hawk  150  years.    Black  Hawk  remonstrated 

with  Keokuk  about  the  sale.  Keokuk 
soon  was  convinced  that  he  had  sold  land  which  he  had  no  right  to  sell  and  promised  Black  Hawk  that 
he  should  see  that  the  village  on  the  Rock  River  should  be  eliminated  from  the  rest  of  the  land  sold. 
Whether  he  fulfilled  his  promise  is  not  known. 

In  the  fall  of  1830,  Black  Hawk  and  all  his  followers  went  on  their  annual  hunt.  When  they  returned 
to  their  village  they  found  many  white  men  there  occupying  their  own  wigwams  and  lodges.  Even  then 
they  did  not  attempt  to  drive  the  intruders  out,  but  when  spring  came,  side  by  side  white  man  and  Indian 
planted  their  corn  together.  The  white  settlers  objected  strenuously  against  sharing  these  fields  with  the 
Indians.  They  persuaded  Governor  Reynolds,  of  Illinois,  that  the  state  had  been  invaded  by  hostile 
Indians.  The  Governor  of  'Illinois  instructed  General  Gaines  to  march  against  Black  Hawk  and  sub- 
due him.  \\  hen  General  Gaines  arrived  at  the  Rock  River  village  and  investigated  conditions,  he  wrote 
the  following  letter  on  June  20,  1831  : 

"I  have  visited  the  Rock  river  villages,  with  a  view  to  ascertain  the  localities,  and.  as  far  jiossible, 
the  disposition  of  the  Indians.  They  confirm  me  in  the  opinion  I  had  previously  formed  that,  whatever 
may  be  their  feelings  of  hostility,  they  are  resolved  to  alistain  from  the  use  of  their  tomahawks  and  fire 
arms  except  in  self  defense.  But  few  of  their  warriors  were  seen — their  women  and  children  and  their 
old  men  appeared  anxious,  and  at  first  somewhat  confused,  but  none  attempted  to  run  off.    Having  pre- 


viously  notified  their  chiefs  that  I  would  have  noihing  more  to  say  to  them  unless  they  should  desire  to 
inform  me  of  their  intention  to  move  forthwith,  as  I  had  directed  them,  I  did  not  speak  to  them,  though 
within  fifty  yards  of  many  of  them.  I  had  with  me  on  board  the  steamboat  some  artillery  and  two  com- 
panies of  infantry.  Their  village  is  immediately  on  Rock  River,  and  so  situated  that  I  could  from  the 
steamboat  destroy  all  their  bark  houses  (the  only  kind  of  houses  they  have)  in  a  few  minutes,  with 
the  force  now  with  me,  probably  without  the  loss  of  a  man.  But  I  am  resolved  to  abstain  from  firing 
a  shot  without  some  bloodshed  or  some  manifest  attempt  to  shed  blood,  on  the  part  of  the  Indians.  I 
have  already  induced  nearly  one-third  of  them  to  cross  the  Mississippi  to  their  own  land.  The  residue, 
however,  say,  as  the  friendly  chiefs  report,  that  they  never  will  move ;  and  what  is  very  uncommon, 
their  women  urge  their  hostile  husbands  to  fight  rather  than  to  move  and  thus  to  abandon  their  homes." 

On  June  30,  1831,  a  treaty  was  signed  betweea  Black  Hawk  and  the  federal  government  in  which 
Black  Hawk  agreed  to  leave  his  village  and  the  faleral  government  agreed  to  supply  him  with  grain  to 
take  the  place  of  the  corn  he  had  planted  and  now  could  not  harvest.  But  Black  Hawk  was  not  given 
his  food,  so  his  young  men  crossed  the  Mississippi  to  steal  corn  from  their  own  fields.  This  immedi- 
ately resulted  in  trouble  and  bloodshed.  In  the  spring  of  1832,  General  Atkinson  and  General  W'hite- 
sides  proceeded  to  gather  their  forces  to  drive  Black  Haw-k  and  his  band  west  of  the  Mississippi  for- 
ever. On  the  13th  day  of  May,  Major  Stillman,  with  a  company  of  270  men,  approached  the  camp  of 
Black  Hawk.  At  this  time  he  had  with  him  only  forty  men,  the  balance  of  his  band  were  hunting.  Black 
Hawk  sent  a  flag  of  truce  by  three  young  warriors  to  learn  the  reason  of  Stillman's  visit.  Following 
the  trail  of  the  three  young  men  he  sent  five  others  to  see  what  occurred.  The  first  three  were  taken 
and  held  as  prisoners,  and  of  the  last  five,  two  were  killed  by  Stillman's  troops.  This  was  enough  for 
Black  Hawk.  He  determined  upon  revenge.  At  Sycamore  Creek  he  attacked  Stillman's  forces  and 
utterly  routed  them.  This  was  the  first  bloodshed  of  the  war.  Governor  Reynolds  called  upon  Illinois 
for  2,000  militia  men  to  subdue  Black  Hawk.  From  that  time  on  they  chased  him  as  a  hunter  would  a 
wild  animal.  Black  Hawk's  band  never  at  any  time  exceeded  500  men.  Black  Hawk,  always  retreat- 
ing, put  up  the  best  resistance  possible.  He  knew  it  was  a  hopeless  fight  and  often  he  endeavored  to 
seek  terms,  but  his  messengers  of  peace  were  never  able  to  obtain  for  him  an  interview. 

On  the  morning  of  August  2,  1832,  General  Atkinson  with  his  army  of  over  1,600  men,  caught 
up  with  the   Indians.    We  ciuote   from  a  newspaper  published  August  6,  at  Galena,  Illinois: 

"The  whole  army  under  General  Atkinson,  embracing  the  brigades  commanded  by  Generals  Henry, 
Posey  and  Alexander,  and  squadron  under  command  of  General  Dodge,  all  crossed  over  to  the  north 
side  of  the  Ouisconsin  at  Helena,  on  the  28th  and  29th  ult.  They  took  up  a  line  of  march  in  a  north- 
erly direction,  in  order  to  intersect  the  Indian  trail.  At  the  distance  of  about  five  miles,  the  great  trail 
was  discovered,  leading  in  a  direction  north  of  west  toward  the  Mississippi,  and  supposed  to  be  about 
four  days  old.  General  Atkinson,  seeing  the  direction  of  the  enemy,  knew  well  that  it  would  require  all 
diligence  and  expedition  to  overtake  them  before  they  could  cross  the  Mississippi,  and  hence  commenced 
from  that  time  a  forced  march,  leaving  all  baggage  wagons,  and  everything  else  which  was  calculated  to 
retard  the  pursuit. 

"The  countr}'  through  which  the  enemy's  trail  led  our  army  between  the  Ouisconsin  Bluiifs  and  the 
Kickapoo  River  w^as  one  continued  series  of  mountains.  No  sooner  had  they  reached  the  summit  of  one 
high  and  almost  perpendicular  hill,  than  they  had  to  descend  on  the  other  side  equally  steep  to  the  base 
of  another.  Nothing  but  a  deep  ravine,  with  muddy  banks,  separated  these  mountains.  The  woods  both 
upon  the  top  of  the  highest  mountains,  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  deepest  hollows,  was  of  the  heaviest 
growth.  The  underbushes  were  chiefly  thorn  and  prickly  ash.  This  is  a  short  description  of  the  route, 
and  shows  the  difficulties  of  the  pursuit.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  our  army  gained  on  the  enemy  daily, 
as  appear  from  the  enemy's  encampments.  The  tedious  march  thus  continued  was  met  by  our  brave 
troops  without  a  murmur,  and  as  the  Indian  signs  appeared  more  recent,  the  officers  and  men  appeared 
more  anxious  to  push  on.  On  the  fourth  night  of  our  march  from  Helena,  and  at  an  encampment  of 
the  enemy,  was  discovered  an  old  Sac  Indian,  by  our  spies,  who  informed  them  that  the  main  body  of 
the  enemy,  had  on  that  day,  gone  to  the  Mississippi,  and  intended  to  cross  on  the  next  morning,  August 
2.  The  horses  being  nearly  broken  down,  and  the  men  nearly  exhausted  from  fatigue.  General  Atkin- 
son ordered  a  halt  for  a  few  hours,  (it  being  after  8  o'clock)  with  a  determination  to  start  at  2  o'clock 
for  the  Mississippi,  about  ten  miles  distant.  At  the  precise  hour  the  bugles  sounded,  and  in  a  short  time 
all  were  ready  to  march. 

"General  Dodge's  squadron  was  honored  with  being  placed  in  front ;  the  infantry  followed  next ;  Gen- 
eral Henry's  brigade  next ;  General  Alexander's  next ;  and  General  Posey's  formed  the  rear-guard.  Gen- 
eral Dodge  called  for,  and  as  soon  received,  twenty  volunteer  spies  to  go  ahead  of  the  whole  army. 

"In  this  order  the  march  commenced.  They  had  not,  however,  gone  more  than  five  miles,  before  one 
of  our  spies  came  back,  announcing  their  having  come  in  sight  of  the  enemy's  picket-guard.  He  went 
back,  and  the  intelligence  was  quickly  conveyed  to  General  Atkinson,  then  to  all  the  commanders  of  the 
brigade,  and  the  celerity  of  the  march  was  instantly  increased.  In  a  few  minutes  more  the  firing  com- 
menced at  about  500  yards  ahead  of  the  front  of  the  army,  between  our  spies  and  the  Indian  picket  guard. 
The  Indians  were  driven  by  our  spies  from  hill  to  hill,  and  kept  up  a  tolerably  brisk  firing  from  every 
situation  commanding  the  ground  over  which  our  spies  had  to  march ;  but  being  charged  upon  and  routed 

90 


from  their  hiding  places,  they  sought  safety  by  retreating  to  the  main  body  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  and 
joining  in  one  general  effort  to  defend  themselves  there  or  die  on  the  ground. 

"Lest  some  might  escape  by  retreating  up  or  down  the  river.  General  Atkinson  very  judiciously 
ordered  General  Alexander  and  General  Posey  to  form  the  right  wing  of  the  army,  and  march  down  to 
the  river  above  the  Indian  encampment  on  the  bank,  and  then  move  down.  General  Henr>'  formed  the 
left  wing,  and  marched  in  the  main  trail  of  the  enemy.  The  United  States  Infantry,  and  General 
Dodge's  squadron  of  the  mining  troops,  marched  in  the  center.  With  this  order  our  whole  force  descended 
the  almost  perpendicular  bluff,  and  came  into  a  low  valley,  heavily  timbered  with  a  large  growth  of  under- 
brush, weeds  and  grass — sloughs,  deep  ravines,  old  logs,  etc.,  were  so  plentiful  as  to  afford  every  facility 
for  the  enemy  to  make  a  strong  defense.  General  Henry  first  came  upon  and  commanded  a  heavy  fire, 
which  was  returned  by  the  enemy.  The  enemy,  being  routed  from  their  first  hiding  places,  sought  others. 
General  Dodge's  squadron  and  the  United  States  troops  soon  came  into  action,  and,  with  General  Henry's 
men,  rushed  into  the  strong  defiles  of  the  enemy,  and  killed  all  in  their  way,  except  a  few  who  succeeded 
in  swimming  a  slough  of  the  Mississippi,  150  yards  wide.  During  this  time  the  brigades  of  General 
Alexander  and  Posey  were  marching  down  the  river,  when  they  fell  in  with  another  part  of  the  enemy's 
army,  and  killed  and  routed  all  that  opposed  them. 

"The  battle  lasted  upward  of  three  hours.  About  fifty  of  the  enemy's  women  and  children  were 
taken  prisoners,  and  many,  by  accident  in  the  battle,  were  killed.  \\  hen  the  Indians  were  driven  to  the 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  some  hundreds  of  men,  women  and  children  plunged  into  the  river,  and  hoped 
by  diving,  etc.,  to  escape  the  bullets  of  our  guns;  very  few,  however,  escaped  our  sharpshooters. 

"The  loss  on  the  side  of  the  enemy  never  can  be  exactly  ascertained,  but,  according  to  the  best  com- 
putation, they  must  have  lost  in  killed  upward  of  150.  Our  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  twenty- 
seven." 

The  following  e.xample  of  Indian  fortitude  is  taken  from  Drake: 

"When  our  troops  charged  the  enemy  in  their  defiles  near  the  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  men.  women 
and  children  were  seen  mixed  together  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  it  difficult  to  kill  one  and  save  the 
other.  A  young  squaw  of  about  19  stood  in  the  grass  at  a  short  distance  from  our  line,  holding  her  little 
girl  in  her  arms,  about  4  years  old.  While  thus  standing,  apparently  unconcerned,  a  ball  struck  the  right 
arm  of  the  child  above  the  elbow,  and,  shattering  the  bone,  passed  into  the  breast  of  the  poor  mother, 
who  instantly  fell  dead  to  the  ground.  She  fell  upon  the  child,  and  confined  it  to  the  ground  also.  Dur- 
ing the  whole  battle,  this  baby  was  heard  to  groan  and  call  for  relief,  but  none  had  time  to  afford  it. 
When,  however,  the  Indians  had  retreated  from  that  spot,  and  the  battle  had  nearly  subsided.  Lieuten- 
ant Anderson,  of  the  United  States  army,  went  to  the  place  and  took  from  under  the  dead  mother,  her 
wounded  daughter  and  brought  it  to  a  place  selected  for  surgical  aid.  It  was  soon  ascertained  that  its 
arm  must  come  ofi,  and  the  operation  was  performed  upon  the  little  sufiferer  without  drawing  from  it  a 
tear  or  a  shriek.  At  the  last  accounts  it  was  doing  well.  When  we  are  told  that  this  Indian  child  was  suck- 
ing a  piece  of  dry  biscuit  during  the  whole  time  of  the  amputation,  it  almost  causes  a  disbelief  of  the 
whole  story,  but  such  are  the  facts  given." 

Although  Black  Hawk's  tribe  was  practically  destroyed  in  this  battle,  he  himself  escaped.  On  August 
27,  Black  Hawk  surrendered  himself  to  General  Street  at  Prairie  de  Chien  at  which  time  he  made  the 
following  speech : 

"You've  taken  me  prisoner  with  all  my  warriors.  I  am  grieved,  for  I  expected,  if  I  did  not  defeat  you, 
to  hold  out  much  longer,  and  give  you  more  trouble  before  I  surrendered.  I  tried  hard  to  bring  you  into 
ambush ;  not  your  last  general  understands  Indian  fighting.  The  first  one  was  not  so  wise.  When  I 
saw  that  I  could  not  beat  you  by  Indian  fighting,  I  determined  to  rush  on  you,  and  fight  you  face  to  face. 
I  fought  hard.  But  your  guns  were  well  aimed.  The  bullets  flew  like  birds  in  the  air.  and  whizzed  by  our 
ears  like  the  wind  through  the  trees  in  the  winter.  My  warriors  fell  around  me;  it  liegan  to  look  dismal. 
I  saw  my  evil  day  at  hand.  The  sun  rose  dim  on  us  in  the  morning,  and  at  night  it  sunk  in  a  dark  cloud, 
and  looked  like  a  ball  of  fire.  That  was  the  last  sun  that  shone  on  Black  Hawk.  His  heart  is  dead,  and 
no  longer  beats  quick  in  his  bosom.  He  is  now  a  prisoner  to  the  white  men  ;  they  will  do  with  him  as  they 
wish.    But  he  can  stand  torture,  and  is  not  afraid  of  death.    He  is  no  coward.    Black  Hawk  is  an  Indian. 

"He  has  done  nothing  for  which  an  Indian  ought  to  be  ashamed.  He  has  fought  for  his  country- 
men, the  squaws  and  pa])00ses.  against  white  men,  who  came,  year  after  year,  to  cheat  them  and  take 
away  their  lands.  You  know  the  cause  of  our  making  war.  It  is  known  to  all  white  men.  They  ought 
to  be  ashamed  of  it.  The  white  men  despise  the  Indians,  and  drive  them  from  their  homes.  But  the 
Indians  are  not  deceitful.  The  white  men  speak  bad  of  the  Indian,  and  look  at  him  spitefully.  But  the 
Indian  does  not  tell  lies ;  Indians  do  not  steal. 

"An  Indian,  who  is  as  bad  as  the  white  men,  could  not  li\  e  in  our  nation  ;  he  would  be  put  to  death, 
and  eat  up  by  the  wolves.  The  white  men  are  but  schoolmasters,  busy  carrj'ing  false  looks,  and  deal  in 
false  actions;  they  smile  in  the  face  of  the  poor  Indian  to  cheat  him;  they  shake  them  by  the  hand  to 
gain  their  confidence,  to  make  them  drunk,  to  deceive  them,  and  ruin  our  wives.  We  told  them  to  let 
us  alone,  and  keep  away  from  us.  but  they  followed  on,  and  beset  our  paths,  and  they  coiled  themselves 
among  us  like  the  snake.  They  poisoned  us  by  their  torch.  We  were  not  safe.  We  lived  in  danger. 
We  were  becoming  like  them,  hypocrites  and  liars,  adulterers,  lazzarones,  all  talkers,  and  no  w-orkers. 

91 


"We  looked  up  to  the  Great  Spirit.  \\'e  went  ta  our  great  father.  We  were  encouraged.  His  great 
council  gave  us  fair  words  and  big  promises,  but  we  got  no  satisfaction.  Things  were  growing  worse. 
There  were  no  deer  in  the  forest.  The  opossum  and  beaver  were  fled ;  the  springs  were  dr}-ing  up,  and 
our  squaws  and  papooses  without  victuals  to  keep  them  from  starving;  we  called  a  great  council,  and 
built  a  large  fire.  The  spirit  of  our  fathers  arose  and  spoke  to  us  to  avenge  our  wrongs  or  die.  We  all 
spoke  before  the  council  fire.  It  was  warm  and  pleasant.  We  set  up  the  war  whoop,  and  dug  up  the 
tomahawk ;  our  knives  were  ready,  and  the  heart  of  Black  Hawk  swelled  high  in  his  bosom,  when  he 
led  his  warriors  to  battle.  He  is  satisfied.  He  will  go  to  the  world  of  spirits  contented.  He  has  done 
his  duty.     His  father  will  meet  him  there,  and  commend  him. 

"Black  Hawk  is  a  true  Indian,  and  disdains  to  cr}-  like  a  woman.  He  feels  for  his  wife,  his  children 
and  friends.  But  he  does  not  care  for  himself.  He  cares  for  his  nation  and  the  Indians.  They  will  suffer. 
He  laments  their  fate.  The  white  men  do  not  scalp  the  head,  but  they  do  worse — they  poison  the  heart; 
it  is  pure  with  them.  His  countrymen  will  not  be  scalped,  but  they  will,  in  a  few  years,  become  like  the 
white  men,  so  that  you  can't  trust  them,  and  there  must  be,  as  in  the  white  settlements,  nearly  as  many 
officers  as  men,  to  take  care  of  them  and  keep  them  in  order. 

"Farewell,  my  nation!  Black  Hawk  tried  to  save  you,  and  avenge  your  wrongs.  He  drank  the  blood 
of  some  of  the  whites.  He  has  been  taken  prisoner,  and  his  plans  are  stopped.  He  can  do  no  more. 
He  is  near  his  end.    His  sun  is  setting,  and  he  will  rise  no  more.     Farewell  to  Black  Hawk." 

Like  every  other  county  in  Illinois,  Vermilion  was  stirred  by  Black  Hawk's  activity.  It  was  on  a 
quiet,  peaceful  Sunday  morning  when  the  people  of  Danville  first  learned  of  the  Indian  uprising  in  the 
north.  Three  spent  messengers  brought  the  dread  tidings  and  spread  the  alarm  throughout  the  whole 
community. 

Preparations  were  immediately  made  to  send  succor  to  the  settlers  farther  north.  A  force  of  volun- 
teers under  George  Beckwith  and  Dr.  Fithian  marched  out  of  Danville  that  afternoon  with  a  purpose  of 
giving  aid  and  protection  to  the  threatened  settlements.  By  nightfall  this  small  force  had  arrived  at 
Becknell's  Crossing  of  the  North  Fork.  With  the  break  of  dawn  they  scouted  and  searched  for  the 
enemy,  but  the  only  Indians  they  encountered  were  some  friendly  Pottav.'atomies  w^ho  lived  in  the  vicinity. 

XVhile  this  force  of  volunteers  was  absent,  messengers  from  Governor  Reynolds  arrived  commanding 
Colonel  Isaac  J.  Moores  to  have  his  regiment  mustered  in  for  active  duty.  Four  hundred  of  the  men 
responded  at  once  to  the  call.  Colonel  Moores  hastily  provisioned  and  equipped  his  troops  and  marched 
out  of  Danville.  On  their  way  north  they  passed  the  small  party  of  volunteers  who  first  left  town  under 
the  command  of  George  Beckwith.  This  small  force  at  once  disbanded,  part  of  them  attaching  them- 
selves to  Colonel  Moores'  regiment  and  the  rest  returning  to  their  homes.  Colonel  Moores  after  forced 
marches  reached  Joliet,  where  he  shortly  received  orders  to  proceed  to  Ottawa,  which  was  at  that  time 
General  .^.tkinson's  base  of  operations. 

The  most  active  service  in  this  campaign  was  seen  by  Captain  Morgan  L.  Paine  and  his  company 
of  Vermilion  boys.  They  were  ordered  to  ascend  the  Du  Page  River  and  there  build  a  storehouse  to 
protect  the  property  which  the  inhabitants  had  hastily  discarded  in  their  flight.  He  also  built  a  small 
fort  near  the  present  site  of  Naperville. 

The  only  casualty  suffered  by  Vermilion  in  this  so-called  war  occurred  near  this  spot.  A  man  by 
the  name  of  William  Brown  ventured  in  company  with  a  small  boy  to  the  outskirts  of  the  community  in 
search  of  some  clapboards.  While  on  this  errand  he  was  fatally  shot  by  the  Indians  from  ambush.  His 
young  companion   fortunately  escaped  and  brought  the  news  of  Brown's  death  back  to  the  camp. 

General  Atkinson,  finding  that  he  had  the  situation  well  in  hand  and  not  requiring  the  assistance 
of  Colonel  Moores'  troops,  ordered  him  to  return  home  and  disband  his  forces.  Shortly  after  Captain 
Paine  received  like  commands  and  the  war,  so  far  as  Vermilion  was  concerned,  was  over. 

As  a  punishment  for  his  behavior,  and  as  an  example  to  the  Indian  race  as  a  whole,  Black  Hawk 
and  five  of  his  principal  warriors  were  held  as  prisoners  or  hostages  by  the  United  States.  On  June  5, 
1833,  Black  Hav>-k  and  his  companions  were  released  and  allowed  to  return  again  to  their  tribes. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1838,  Black  Hawk  was  the  guest  at  an  Independence  Day  celebration.  He  was 
introduced  as  "our  illustrious  guest.  May  his  declining  years  be  as  calm  as  his  previous  life  has  been 
boisterous  from  warlike  events.  His  present  friendship  fully  entitles  him  to  a  seat  at  our  board."  Black 
Hawk  in  replying  said,  "It  has  pleased  the  Great  Spirit  that  I  am  here  today.  The  earth  is  our  mother, 
and  we  are  ncnv  permitted  to  be  upon  it.  A  few  snows  ago,  I  was  fighting  against  the  white  people — 
perhaps  I  was  wrong — but  that  is  past,  it  is  buried ;  let  it  be  forgotten.  I  love  my  towns  and  cornfields 
on  the  Rock  River — it  was  a  beautiful  country.  I  fought  for  it,  but  now  it  is  yours.  Keep  it  as  the  Sacs 
did.  I  was  once  a  warrior,  but  I  am  now  poor.  Keokuk  has  been  the  cause  of  what  I  am  —  do  not 
blame  him.  I  love  to  look  upon  the  Mississippi ;  I  have  looked  upon  it  from  a  child.  I  love  that  beauti- 
ful river;  my  home  has  always  been  upon  its  banks.   I  thank  you  for  your  friendship.   I  will  say  no  more." 

He  died  on  October  3,  1838,  at  the  age  of  71  years.  At  his  funeral  marked  respect  was  paid  the 
memory  of  his  stem  spirit.  He  was  buried  in  a  uniform  presented  to  him  when  in  Washington  by  Gen- 
eral Jackson.  On  his  left  side  was  the  sword  General  Jackson  had  given  him.  and  on  his  right  lay  the 
cane  presented  him  by  Henry  Clay.  Three  medals  hung  about  his  neck,  presents  from  President  Jack- 
son, Ex-President  John  Quincy  Adams  and  the  city  of  Boston  respectively. 

The  death  of  Black  Hawk  was  the  end  of  all  Indian  trouble  for  the  states  and  territories  compris- 
ing the  old  Northwest  Territorj'. 

92 


PRESIDENT  LINCOLN 


Chapter  XIV 


AMERICA  advanced  and  gradually  look  her  place  among  the  established  nations  of  the  world.     W  ith 
the  increase  in  power  and  prestige  of  America,  many  new  problems  sprang  up  and  many  old  ones 
'-became  serious  issues.     None  of  the  subordinate  states  proved  greater  pillars  of  support  for  the  fed- 
eral government  than  those  carved  out  of  the  old  northwest  territor>'. 

93 


Illinois  rapidly  expanded  during  the  next  twenty-five  years  until  she  was  recognized  as  the  most 
inhuential  factor  in  the  western  sisterhood  of  states.  She  was  the  state  to  whoim  the  whole  west  looked 
to  for  guidance.    Her  decisions  voiced  the  sentiment  of  the  old  northwest  territory. 

In  the  later  "50s"  politics  ruled.  It  was  not  a  matter  of  moment  how  rich  a  man  was,  what  his  busi- 
ness was,  what  his  pleasures  were,  but  how  did  he  think,  what  were  his  sentiments  and  what  political 
party  did  he  favor. 

In  politics,  too,  Illinois  led.    The  Douglas-Lincoln  debates  are  historical. 

The  slave,  ignorant  and  humble,  w^as  considered  by  the  west  and  north  a  stigma  and  blot  upon  the 
nation's  past  which  should  be  eliminated  from  the  future  of  a  free  democracy. 

The  south  and  southwest,  with  a  population  of  8,000,000  and  only  300,000  slave  owners,  said  slavery 
was  a  necessity  to  their  existence.  They  needed  labor.  Although  granted  human,  the  negro  was  consid- 
ered and  classed  in  the  same  category  as  the  cows  and  horses  needful  to  the  development  of  a  rural 
community. 

Bitter  and  more  bitter  grew  the  controversy.  It  divided  the  north  from  the  south.  It  separated  home 
ties.  It  broke  the  friendships  of  years  standing.  Even,^  public  man  was  judged  by  his  opinion  on  this 
question.  The  solution  of  the  negro  question  was  the  important  plank  in  the  platform  of  every  political 
party. 

From  the  moment  (November  6,  1860)  Abraham  Lincoln  of  Illinois  was  elected  president  of  the 
United  States,  verbal  discontent  rapidly  began  to  take  the  serious  form  of  open  rebellion.  No  longer 
did  the  dissatisfied  content  themselves  with  acid  invectives ;  they  plotted  and  rioted. 

In  the  highest  tribunal  of  our  country,  the  senator  from  Georgia,  Mr.  Iverson,  said  in  a  speech  de- 
livered December  5,  1860: 

"Sir,  disguise  the  fact  as  you  will,  there  is  an  enmity  between  the  northern  and  the  southern  people 
which  is  deep  and  enduring,  and  you  never  can  eradicate  it — never.  Look  at  the  spectacle  exhibited  on 
this  floor.  How  is  it?  There  are  the  northern  senators  on  that  side,  here  the  southern  senators  on  this 
side.  How  much  social  intercourse  is  there  between  us  ?  You  sit  upon  your  side,  silent  and  gloomy.  We 
sit  upon  ours,  with  knit  brows  and  portentous  scowls.  Here  are  two  hostile  bodies  on  this  floor ;  and  it  is 
but  a  type  of  the  feeling  which  exists  between  the  two  sections.  We  are  enemies  as  much  as  if  we  were 
hostile  states.  We  have  not  lived  in  peace.  We  are  not  now  living  in  peace.  It  is  not  expected  that  we 
shall  ever  live  in  peace." 

With  the  broadest  of  minds  and  viewing  with  the  most  charitable  consideration  the  southern  people, 
Lincoln  took  the  presidency  March  4,  1861.  How  lenient  he  was  towards  the  south  and  how  patient  may 
be  taken  from  his  Peoria  speech : 

"I  think  that  I  have  no  prejudice  against  the  southern  people.  They  are  just  what  we  would  be  in 
their  situation.  If  slavery  did  not  now  e.xist  among  them  they  would  not  introduce  it.  If  it  did  not  exist 
among  us  we  should  not  instantly  give  it  up.  This,  I  believe  of  the  masses,  north  and  south.  Doubtless 
there  are  individuals  on  both  sides  who  would  not  hold  slaves  under  any  circumstances,  and  others  who 
would  gladly  introduce  slavery  anew,  if  it  were  out  of  existence.  We  know  that  some  southern  men  do 
free  their  slaves,  go  north,  and  become  tip  top  abolitionists ;  while  some  northern  men  go  south  and  be- 
come most  cruel  slave  masters." 

In  a  speech  delivered  at  Cincinnati  before  a  partial  southern  audience,  he  said : 

"You,  perhaps,  want  to  know  what  we  will  do  with  you.  I  will  tell  you,  so  far  as  I  am  authorized 
to  speak  for  the  opposition.  We  mean  to  treat  you,  as  nearly  as  possible,  as  Washington,  Jefferson  and 
Madison  treated  you.  We 
mean  to  leave  you  alone,  and 
in  no  way  to  interfere  with 
your  institutions,  to  abide  by 
all  and  every  compromise  of 
the  Constitution.  We  mean  to 
remember  that  you  are  as  good 
as  we ;  that  there  is  no  differ- 
ence between  us  other  than 
the  difference  of  circum- 
stances. We  mean  to  recog- 
nize and  bear  in  mind  always 
that  you  have  as  good  hearts 
in  your  bosoms  as  other  peo- 
ple, or  as  we  claim  to  have, 
and  treat  you  accordingly." 

But  even  such  sentiments 
were  unavailing.  The  situation 
was  too  full  of  discontent. 
The  breach  had  widened  too 
far — not  even  a  Lincoln  could 
bridge  over  the  stormy  chasm 
of  fraternal  animosity. 


Bombardment   of   Fort   Sumter 


Events  now  moved  fast.  With  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter  on  Ajiril  12,  just  eight  days  over 
a  month  after  Lincoln's  inauguration,  the  Civil  War  was  on.  Monday.  Aiiril  15.  1861,  Lincoln  called  for 
his  first  75,000  volunteers. 

Illinois  must  ever  be  considered  the  dominant  state  durnig  the  Civil  War.  She  gave  her  country  Lin- 
coln. To  her  also  is  due  the  honor  of 
rearing  such  a  man  as  Stephen  A. 
Douglas.  The  popular  vote  of  Amer- 
ica was  1,  857,610  for  Lincoln,  with 
1,365.976  for  Douglas. 

Party  politics  forgotten,  Douglas, 
in  his  famous  speech  delivered  on  the 
evening  of  May  1.  1861,  at  Chicago, 
said  : 

"I  beg  you  to  believe  that  I  will 
not  do  you  or  myself  the  injustice  to 
think  that  this  magnificent  ovation  is 
personal  to  myself.  I  rejoice  to  know 
that  it  expresses  your  devotion  to  the 
Constitution,  the  L'nion  and  the  flag 
of  our  countr\-.  I  will  not  conceal  grat- 
ification at  the  uncontrovertible  test 
this  vast  audience  presents  —  that, 
what  political  differences  or  party 
questions  may  have  divided  us.  yet  you 
all  had  a  conviction  that,  when  the 
countr)'  should  be  in  danger,  my  loy- 
alty could  be  relied  on.  That  the  pres- 
ent danger  is  imminent,  no  man  can 
conceal.  If  war  must  come — if  the 
bayonet  must  be  used  to  rnaintain  the 
constitution — I  say,  before  God,  my 
conscience  is  clean.  I  have  struggled 
long  for  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  dif- 
ficulty. I  have  not  only  tendered  those 
states  what  was  theirs  of  right,  but 
I  have  gone  to  the  very  extreme  of 
magnanimity." 

"The  return  we  receixe  is  war. 
armies  marched  upon  our  capitol.  ob- 
structions and  dangers  to  our  naviga- 
tion, letters  of  marque,  to  invite  pi- 
rates to  prey  upon  our  commerce,  a 
concerted  movement  to  blot  out  the 
United  States  of  America  from  the  map  of  the  globe.  The  question  is,  are  we  to  maintain  the  country  ot 
our  fathers,  or  allow  it  to  be  stricken  down  by  those  who,  when  they  can  no  longer  govern,  threaten  to 
destroy  ? 

■■\Vhat  cause,  what  excuse  do  disunionists  give  us,  for  breaking  u\>  the  best  government  on  which  the 
sun  of  heaven  ever  shed  its  rays?  They  are  dissatisfied  with  the  result  of  the  presidential  election.  Did 
they  never  get  beaten  before?  Are  we  to'  resort  to  the  sword  when  we  get  defeated  at  the  i)allot  box.''  I 
understand  it  that  the  voice  of  the  peoi)Ie  expressed  in  the  code  appointed  by  the  Constitution  must  com- 
mand the  obedience  of  everj'  citizen.  They  assume,  on  the  election  of  a  particular  candidate,  that  their 
rights  are  not  safe  in  the  Union.  What  evidence  do  they  present  of  this?  I  defy  any  man  to  show  any  act 
on  which  it  is  based.  What  act  has  been  omitted  to  be  done?  I  appeal  to  these  assembled  thousands,  that 
so  far  as  the  constitutional  rights  of  slaveholders  are  concerned,  nothing  has  been  done,  and  nothing  has 
been  omitted,  of  which  thev  can  complain. 

"There  has  never  been  a  time  from  the  day  that  Washington  was  inaugurated  first  president  of  these 
United  States,  when  the  rights  of  the  southern  states  stood  firmer  under  the  laws  of  the  land  than  they 
do  now;  there  never  was  a  time  when  they  had  not  as  good  cause  for  disunion  as  they  have  today  ''  '— • 
good  cause  have  they  now  that  has  not  existed  under  ever)-  administration  ? 

"If  they  say  the  territorial  question — now,  for  the  first  time,  there  is  no  act  of  congress  prohi 
slaver)-  anvwhere.  If  it  be  the  non-enforcement  of  the  laws,  the  only  comi)Iaints  that 
been  of  the  too  vigorous  and  faithful  fulfillment  of  the  Fugitive  Slave  law.  Then  what  reason  have  they? 
"The  slavery  question  is  a  mere  excuse.  The  election  of  Lincoln  is  a  mere  pretext.  The  present 
secession  movement  is  the  result  of  an  enormous  conspiracy  formed  more  than  a  year  since,  formed  by 
leaders  in  the  Southern  Confederacv  more  than  twelve  months  ago. 


Senator  Stephen  Arnold  Douglas 


What 


'ting 
heard  have 


"But  this  is  no  time  for  the  detail  of  causes.  The  conspiracy  is  now  known.  Armies  have  been  raised, 
war  is  levied  to  accomplish  it.  There  are  only  two  sides  to  the  question.  Every  man  must  be  for  the  United 
States  or  against  it.   There  can  be  no  neutrals  in  this  war;  only  patriots — or  traitors. 

"Thank  God,  Illinois  is  not  divided  on  this  question.  I  know  they  expected  to  present  a  united  south 
against  a  divided  north.  They  hoped  in  the  northern  states  party  questions  would  bring  civil  war  between 
Democrats  and  Republicans,  when  the  south  would  step  in,  with  her  cohorts,  aid  one  party  to  conquer  the 
other,  and  then  make  easy  prey  of  the  victors.    Their  scheme  was  carnage  and  civil  war  in  the  north. 

"There  is  but  one  way  to  defeat  this.  In  Illinois  it  is  being  so  defeated  by  closing  up  the  ranks.  War 
will  thus  be  prevented  on  our  own  soil.  While  there  was  a  hope  of  peace,  I  was  ready  for  any  reasonable 
sacrifice  or  compromise  to  maintain  it.  But  when  the  question  comes  of  war  in  the  cotton  fields  of  the 
south  or  the  corn  fields  of  Illinois,  I  say  the  farther  off  the  better. 

"I  have  said  more  than  I  intended  to  say.  It  is  a  sad  task  to  discuss  questions  so  fearful  as  civil  war; 
but  sad  as  it  is,  bloody  and  disastrous  as  I  expect  it  will  be,  I  express  it  as  my  conviction  before  God,  that 
it  is  the  duty  of  every  American  citizen  to  rally  around  the  flag  of  his  country. 

"I  thank  you  again  for  this  magnificent  demonstration.  By  it  you  show  you  have  laid  aside  party 
strife.  Illinois  has  a  proud  position — united,  firm  determined  never  to  permit  the  government  to  be  de- 
stroyed." 

Such  were  the  great  men  of  Illinois  in  her  country's  crisis.  How  well  the  counties  of  this  proud  state 
responded  is  known  by  every  school  boy  the  nation  over.  Never  lagging,  always  to  the  fore,  Vermilion 
county  acted. 

The  best  record  of  her  valiant  deeds  is  found  in  the  brief  treatises  contained  in  Beckwith's  Historj'. 
We  give  them  here  at  length. 

Twenty-fifth  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers 

The  Twenty-fifth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  three  companies  of  which  (A,  B  and  D)  were  from 
Vermilion  county,  was  organized  in  Vermilion  county  June  1,  1861,  and  mustered  into  service  at  St.  Louis 

Mo.,  August  4,  1861,  and  from  there 
transported  by  rail  to  JelTerson  City, 
Mo.,  and  thence  to  Sedalia,  Mo.,  and 
marched  to  Springfield,  Mo.,  under 
General  Fremont,  in  pursuit  of  Gen- 
eral Price's  army,  and  from  thence  to 
Rollo,  Mo.,  where,  with  a  portion  of 
Fremont's  army,  it  spent  the  early  part 
of  the  winter  of  1861  and  1862,  but 
returned  to  Springfield,  Mo.,  in  Feb- 
ruar)',  1862,  under  command  of  Gen- 
eral Sigel,  and  pursued  General  Price's 
army  to  Benton vi lie,  Ark.,  where  on 
the  March  6,  7  and  8,  1862,  the  mem- 
orable battle  of  "Pea  Ridge"  was 
fought.  The  Twenty-fifth  regiment, 
having  been  held  in  support  until  early 
mom  of  the  third  day,  took  the  front 
under  the  immediate  command  of 
General  Sigel,  in  support  of  the  artil- 
lery which  opened  the  engagement. 
After  a  fierce  contest  with  grape,  can- 
ister and  shell  at  short  range,  the 
enemy's  batteries  were  silenced,  and 
the  memorable  order,  "Up.  Twenty- 
fifth,  Minutes!  Colonel  Minutes!" 
was  given  by  General  Sigel  in  person, 
and  the  next  moment  the  regiment, 
under  the  most  terriflic  fire  of  mus- 
ketr)',  with  other  troops  charged  the 
enemy  in  a  thick  wood,  where,  after 
a  fierce  and  deadly  contest,  the 
enemy's  lines  gave  way  and  the  whole 
army  was  soon  in  full  retreat,  and  thus 
was  victory  brought  out  of  what  but 
a  few  hours  before  was  considered,  by 
the  general  commanding,  a  defeat.  The 
regiment  was  highly  complimented  for 
its  gallantr}'  in  this  (its  first)  engage- 


General  Franz  Sigel 


merit.  Then,  in  connection  with  the  army,  it  took  up  the  line  eastward,  where,  after  a  long  and  tedious 
march,  it  arrived  at  Batesville,  in  Arkansas,  and  was  there  detached  from  the  army  and.  with  nine  other 
regiments  under  command  of  Gen.  Jeff  C.  Davis,  marched  eastward  to  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  a  distance 
of  250  miles  in  nine  days,  having  made  an  average  of  about  twenty-eight  miles  per  day.  xiie  regiment 
then,  by  river  transportation,  joined  General  Hallecks'  army  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  Miss.,  which  place 
was  soon  evacuated  by  the  enemy;  and  after  a  short  stay  in  Mississippi  marched  eastward  under  com- 
mand of  General  Buell  by  way  of  Xashville,  Tenn.,  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  a  distance  of  nearly  500  miles,  in 
tlie  month  of  .August,  in  the  most  extreme  heat  and  drouth.  Here  a  few  days  were  s[)ent  in  reorganizing 
the  army,  when  it  was  ordered  in  pursuit  of  General  Bragg's  army,  then  invading  Kentucky.  Later,  the 
battle  of  Perryville,  or  Chaplain  Hills,  was  fought  between  a  portion  of  the  two  armies,  wherein'  the 
Twenty-fifth  regiment  and  more  than  60,000  other  well-equipped  soldiers  were  compelled  to  act  as  spec- 
tators in  the  slaughter  of  a  portion  of  our  army  under  command  of  General  McCook  because,  the  general 
commanding  said,  that  McCook  had  brought  on  the  engagement  without  his  orders.  After  tliis  battle  the 
regiment  returned  to  Xashville,  Tenn.,  and  General  Rosecrans  put  in  command  of  the  army  then  known 
as  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  which  remained  at  Xashville  until  the  last  of  December,  1862,  when  it 
was  advanced  to  Murfreesboro,  Tenn..  and  met  the  enemy  under  the  command  of  General  Bragg  at 
Stone  River,  Tenn.,  on  December  30,  1862,  and  at  the  dawning  of  the  31st  the  enemy  attacked  in 
great  force.  The  Twenty-fifth  regiment  being  in  the  unfortunate  right  wing  of  our  army,  was  soon 
shaq^ly  engaged,  when  the  charge  grew  fierce  and  deadly.  The  line  on  the  left  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
gave  way.  and  being  fiercely  assailed  in  front  and  left,  the  regiment  was  compelled  to  change  front  under 
a  most  withering  fire.  Here  the  color  bearer  was  stricken  down  and  the  flag  lay  on  the  ground,  when  Col- 
onel Williams,  of  the  regiment  (than  whom  no  more  w'orthy  patriot  has  died),  raised  the  colors  with  his 
own  hands,  and  having  indicated  the  new  line  to  be  formed,  he  planted  the  flag  firmly,  and  uttered  in 
loud  tones  his  living  and  dying  words :  "Boys,  we  will  plant  the  flag  here  and  rally  around  it,  and  here  we 
will  die !"  The  next  moment,  with  flagstaff  in  hand,  he  fell.  The  regiment,  after  twice  repulsing  the  enemy 
in  front,  finding  itself  flanked  on  both  right  and  left,  retired  from  its  position  and  fell  to  the  rear,  leaving 
more  than  one-third  of  its  number  dead  and  wounded  on  the  field.  The  enemy  was  finally  checked,  and 
the  battle  continued  sullenly  until  January  2,  1863,  when  General  Breckenridge  made  his  celebrated  as- 
sault on  the  left  wing  of  our  army.  The  charge  was  brilliant  beyond  comparison.  The  shock  of  battle 
was  terriffic.  Our  left  was  broken,  defeated  and  driven  back.  Fresh  troops  were  in  like  manner  swept 
away  like  chaff'  before  the  wind.  Fifty  pieces  of  artillen,'  were  brought  to  bear  on  the  enemy's  right.  The 
earth  trembled  and  shook  as  a  leaf  in  the  storm  beneath  the  iron  monsters  as  they  poured  their  storm  of 
death  into  the  advancing  column,  and  yet  their  onward  march  was  as  the  march  of  destiny,  until  the 
shout  from  General  Xegly  rang  out:  "Who'll  save  the  left?"  "The  Xineteenth  Illinois."  was  the  reply" 
— the  Twenty-fifth  Illinois  being  close  in  their  support.  They  did  save  the  left  and  the  Twenty-fifth  held 
the  front  thus  carried  until  the  retreat  of  the  enemy,  while  the  heaps  of  the  enemy's  dead  testified  to  gal- 
lantry w^orthy  of  a  better  cause.  The  regiment,  in  connection  with  the  army,  next  marched  south  in  pur- 
suit of  General  Bragg's  army,  until  it  reached  the  Tennessee  river,  near  Stevenson.  Ala.  To  cross  this 
river  in  the  face  of  tlie  enemy  and  lay  the  pontoon  bridge  was  given  in  charge  of  this  regiment  alone; 
consequently,  at  early  mom  our  shore  was  lined  with  skirmishers  and  a  batter}'  of  artiller)-,  while  the  regi- 
ment embarked  in  pontoon  boats  and  rowed  away  to  the  opposite  shore  a  mile  distant,  drove  the  enemy 
back,  laid  the  bridge  and  was  crossing  the  entire  army  over  by  eleven  o'clock  A.  M.  The  sight  of  this 
little  circumstance  was  extremely  grand,  but  the  danger  great.  The  regiment  next  crossed  over  San  Moun- 
tain and  Lookout  Mountain  and  entered  into  the  valley,  again  engaging  the  enemy  in  the  terrible  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  Ga..  where  it  left  more  than  two-thirds  of  its  number  among  the  dead  and  wounded  on  the 
field,  all  of  whom  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  This  battle,  for  severity,  stands  second  to  none  in 
the  history  of  the  war,  and  no  regiment  in  the  engagement  suffered  greater  loss  than  the  Twenty-fifth  Illi- 
nois. The  regiment  was  next  called  to  meet  the  enemy  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  under  command  of 
Cien.  L'.  S.  (irant,  and  when  the  order  came  to  storm  Mission  Ridge,  the  Twenty-fifth  regiment  was  as- 
signed the  front,  or  skirmish  line,  where  it  advanced  slowly  until  within  a  few  rods  of  the  enemy's  guns, 
when,  with  a  simultaneous  charge,  in  connection  with  the  Thirty-fifth  Illinois,  carried  the  enemy's  works! 
captured  their  batteries,  broke  their  lines  on  Mission  Ridge,  and  made  wav  for  a  magnificent  victory. 
Along  the  entire  line  here  again  the  carnage  was  great,  but  the  achievements  brilliant  in  the  extreme.  The 
regiment  was  then  ordered  to  east  Tennessee,  where  it  spent  the  winter  in  various  unimportant  cami)aigns, 
and  in  the  spring  of  18()4  rejoined  the  .\rmy  of  the  Cumberland,  near  Chattanooga,  under  command  of 
General  Sherman,  and  started  on  that  memorable  campaign  to  Atlanta.  Ga..  at  which  ])lace  it  terminated 
its  service  and  returned  home  to  be  mustered  out. 

Duing  the  months  of  this  campaign,  the  endurance  of  both  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  was 
taxed  to  its  utmost — it  was  one  long  and  tedious  battle,  often  violent  and  destructive,  then  slow  and  sullen, 
both  armies  seeking  advantage  by  intrenching,  maneuvering,  flanking  and  by  sudden  and  desperate 
charges,  the  Twenty-fifth  Illinois,  bearing  its  equal  burden  of  the  toils,  the  dangers  and  losses,  as  will 
more  fully  appear  from  the  following  order  or  address,  delivered  by  Col.  W.  J.  Gibson,  commanding  the 
brigade,  on  its  taking  leave  of  the  army  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  20,  1864,  to  wit: 

"Soldiers  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Illinois  Volunteers:  .A.s  your  term  of  three  years'  service  has  expired, 
and  you  are  about  to  proceed  to  your  state  to  be  mustered  out,  it  is  fitting  and  proper  that  the  colonel 
commanding  should  express  to  each  and  all  his  earnest  thanks  for  the  cheerful  manhood  with  which,  dur- 


ing  ihc  present  camijaign,  you  have  suhmitted  to  every  hardship,  overcome  ever}-  difficulty,  and  for  the 
magnificent  heroism  with  which  you  have  met  and  vanquished  the  foe.  Your  deportment  in  camp  has 
been  worthy  true  soldiers,  while  your  conduct  in  battle  has  excited  the  admiration  of  your  companions 
in  arms.  Patriotic  thousands  and  a  noble  state  will  give  you  a  reception  worthy  of  your  sacrifice  and 
your  valor.  You  have  done  your  duty.  The  men  who  rallied  under  the  starry  emblem  of  our  nationality 
at  Pea  Ridge.  Corinth,  Chaplain  Hills,  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  Noonday  Creek,  Pine- 
top  Mountain,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Chattahoochee,  Peach  Tree  Creek  and  Atlanta  having  made  history'  for 
all  time  and  coming  generations  to  admire,  your  services  will  ever  be  gratefully  appreciated.  Officers 
and  soldiers,  farewell.  May  God  guarantee  to  each  health,  happiness  and  usefulness  in  coming  life,  and 
may  our  country  soon  merge  from  the  gloom  of  blood  that  now  surrounds  it  and  again  enter  upon  a 
career  of  progress,  peace  and  prosperity." 

Thirty-seventh  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers 

This  regiment  was  recruited  in  the  counties  of  Lake,  La  Salle,  McHenry,  Cook.  Vermilion  and  Rock 
Island,  and  was  organized  at  Chicago  and  mustered  into  the  United  States  service  on  September  18, 
186L  Its  colonel  was  Julius  White,  since  major-general;  its  major  was  J.  C.  Black,  now  of  Danville, 
111.,  who  recruited  and  took  to  camp  Company  K  from  Vermilion  county.  The  muster  role  of  Company  K 
showed  representatives  from  many  of  the  old  families  of  Vermilion  county :  Fithian,  Bandy.  English, 
Morgan,  Clapp,  Brown,  Henderson,  Allison,  Conover,  Black,  Bulbertson.  Johns,  Canaday,  Lamm,  Myers, 
Payne,  Son^er,  Thrapp,  Delay,  Folger,  Gibson,  Liggett,  and  others.  .Some  of  these  representatives  died  in 
service ;  some  returned  home  full  of  the  honors  of  a  well-rendered  service  and  are  today  prominent  among 
our  business  and  professional  men.  Peter  Walsh,  the  late  prosecuting  attorney;  William  P.  Black  of 
Chicago;  William  M.  Bandy,  editor  of  the  "Post,"  Danville;  W.  H.  Fithian,  of  Fithian,  Illinois;  George 
H.  English,  and  many  others  are  farming  in  this  vicinity.  These  are  of  the  living.  Among  the  dead  we 
recall  Fitzgerald.  Ma'rlatt,  Reiser,  Snider,  Adkins,  Barnard,  Hyatt,  Henderson,  Stute,  Brewer,  Conover, 
George  Johns  and  James  Culbertson.     These  died  without  fear  and  without  reproach. 

Company  K  was  distinctively  the  boys'  company ;  its  recruits  were  most  of  them  under  age  at  the  time 
of  enlistment.  In  the  Memorial  Hall  at  Springfield,  Illinois,  are  found  only  two  captured  flags ;  one  was 
taken  from  the  Mexicans  at  Buena  Vista,  the  other  was  taken  from  the  rebels  at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge 
by  the  Thirty-seventh  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry.  "The  boys"  did  their  share  wherever  they  went.  Mus- 
tered into  service  on  September  18,  they  entered  the  Dejjartment  of  the  Missouri  the  next  day  and  took 
part  in  Hunter's  campaign  against  Price  in  southwestern  Missouri,  marching  to  Springfield  and  back  to 
Laurine  Caulmint.  In  the  dead  of  winter,  breaking  up  their  encampment,  they  joined  in  Pope's  campaign 
against  the  guerrillas.  In  the  spring  of  1-862  the  Thirty-seventh  set  out  on  the  route  for  northwestern 
Arkansas,  and  participated  in  the  bloody  battle  of  Pea  Ridge  on  March  6,  7  and  8,  which  raged  with  especial 
fury  on  the  7th,  near  Lee  town,  when  the  Thirty-seventh  received  the  charge  of  McCullough's  and  Mcin- 
tosh's column,  and  when  in  thirty  minutes  it  lost  120  men  out  of  an  effective  present  force  of  750;  but 
the  charges  was  broken  and  the  enemy  w-ithdrew. 

After  this  battle  General  Custer  was  ordered  to  Batesville  and  Helena  with  the  entire  force,  except 
the  Thirty-seventh  Illinois,  one  battalion  of  the  First  Missouri  Cavalrv*  and  one  section  of  the  Peoria 
battery;  and  until  June  this  force  was  kept  in  the  extreme  front  in  the  enemy's  country,  fifty-five  miles 
in  advance  of  any  assistance,  feeling  the  ])ulse  of  the  rebeldom  beating  daily  in  this  its  farthest  extremity. 
Marching  and  countermarching  over  100  miles  frontage  of  mountainous  region,  ambushed  and  bush- 
whacked day  and  night,  it  kept  the  flag  at  the  front  and  always  flying.  In  the  summer  of  1862  the  Thirty- 
seventh  joined  the  larger  forces.  It  bore  its  share  in  the  marches  and  skirmishes  in  soutliwestern  Mis- 
souri, and  finally,  on  December  7,  assisted  in  the  terrible  fight  and  brilliant  victory-  at  Prairie  Grove,  where, 
in  the  capture  of  a  battery  and  the  assault  upon  the  enemy  in  their  chosen  position,  the  Thirty-seventh, 
reduced  to  350  men,  lost  seventy-eight  killed  and  wounded ;  but  they  took  Cape  Girardeau,  whence  it 
started  after  General  Marmaduke,  overtaking  him  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Francis  River  at  Chalk  Bluft's. 
The  fight  at  this  point  freed  southeast  Missouri  of  all  rebel  forces  and  won  for  the  Thirty-seventh  high 
praise  in  the  reports  of  the  commanding  general.  They  then  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  joined  the  forces 
under  General  Grant  and  participated  in  the  siege  of  Vick.sburg. 

From  this  time  on  the  path  of  the  Thirty-seventh  was  away  from  its  Vermillion  county  comrades,  the 
Twenty-fifth,  Thirty-fifth,  Seventy-ninth,  125th  Infantry,  Fourth  Cavalry,  and  the  old  Twelfth  regiment, 
some  of  whom  swung  across  the  continent  via  Chattanooga  and  Atlanta,  to  the  sea.  The  Thirty-seventh 
marched  to  the  south  ;  it  fought  and  beat  the  rebels  at  Yazoo  City,  joined  in  the  campaign  after  Forrest 
from  Memphis,  and  after  chasing  him  out  of  Tennessee  via  Mississippi,  returned  and  took  part  in  the  Red 
River  campaign ;  in  the  meantime  bearing  a  light  share  in  the  fight  near  Morganzie  Bend.  From  Duvall's 
Blufif  the  regiment  was  sent,  via  New  Orleans,  to  Barrancas  and  Pollard  ;  then  to  Mobile,  and  participated 
in  the  last  great  siege  of  the  war,  and  in  its  last  great  battle ;  for  Lee  surrendered  at  ten  o'clock  A.  M.,  and 
at  5  :45  P.  M.  of  the  same  day  the  federal  troops  assaulted  and  captured  the  Blakely  batteries.  The  time 
occupied  from  the  firing  of  the  first  gun  until  they  were  in  possesion  was  ten  minutes ;  the  loss  was  600 
men  on  the  Union  side;  captured  3,000  prisoners,  forty-two  cannons  and  the  city  of  Mobile.  In  this  charge 


the  Thirty-seventh  was  the  extreme  left  regiment  and  Company  K  was  the  extreme  left  of  the  entire  line, 
which,  advancing  in  a  semicircle,  struck  the  rebel  and  left,  being  a  little  in  the  advance.  After  this  engage- 
ment the  Thirty-seventh  was  removed  to  the  Department  of  Texas,  where  it  remained  until  August,  1866, 
being  among  the  last  of  the  United  States  volunteers  discharged  from  service. 

The  Thirty-seventh  veteranized  in  1864.  It  was  in  the  service  five  years  from  the  time  of  recruiting; 
it  marched  and  moved  four  times  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  gulf;  it  moved  on  foot  nearly  b.OOO  miles, 
and  journeyed  by  land  and  water  conveyance  nearly  10,000  miles  more;  it  bore  its  party  in  thirteen 
battles  and  skirmishes,  and  two  great  sieges.  The  survivors  of  Company  K  are  in  Oregon,  California, 
Texas,  Missouri  and  Illinois.  They,  like  the  vast  mass  of  their  fellow  volunteer  soldiers,  are,  most  of 
them,  respected  and  useful  citizens.  May  their  age  grow  green  and  be  honorable,  and  their  days  be  full 
of  prosperity,  is  the  wish  of  the  chronicler. 

Seventy-third  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers 

Under  the  call  of  the  president  for  300,000  volunteers  July  6,  1862,  Illinois  was  required  to  furnish 
nine  regiments.  Upon  this  call  the  Seventy-third  regiment  was  organized,  of  which  Companies  C  and  E 
were  from  Vermilion  county.  Six  days  after  the  call,  Patterson,  McNutt,  Mark  D.  Hawes  and  Richard 
N.  Davis  began  to  recruit  a  company  of  infantry  in  and  about  Georgetown,  and,  soon  after,  Wilson  Bur- 
roughs. Charles  Tilton  and  David  Blosser  commenced  raising  a  company  near  Fairmount.  McNutt's  com- 
pany, consisting  of  eighty-five  men.  were  assembled  on  the  23d  at  Georgetown,  where  they  were  sworn 
in  by  Squire  John  Xewlin.  After  this  ceremony,  McNutt,  Hawes  and  Davis  were  elected  captain,  first 
and  second  lieutenants  respectively.  The  next  day  the  men  went  to  the  Y,  the  present  site  of  Tilton,  where 
they  were  funished  transportation  to  Camp  Butler,  arriving  there  the  next  morning.  With  the  exception 
of  a  few  squads,  this  was  the  first  company  in  this  camp  under  that  call.  Early  in  August  twenty-one 
recruits  arrived  from  Georgetown,  making  the  total  number  106.  About  this  time  Captain  Burroughs, 
having  organized  his  company,  arrived  with  seventy  men,  which,  being  recruited  from  Captain  McNutt's 
company,  made  their  complement. 

The  first  military  duty  done  at  this  camp  was  the  guarding  about  3,000  prisoners,  who  had  been 
captured  at  Fort  Donelson. 

Toward  the  latter  part  of  August  steps  were  taken  to  organize  the  regiment,  and  this  was  accom- 
plished on  the  21st,  the  regiment  numbering  806  men;  James  F.  Jaques  being  chosen  colonel,  Benjamin 
F.  Northcott,  lieutenant-colonel;  William  A.  Presson,  major;  R.  R.  Randall,  adjutant,  and  James  S. 
Barger,  chaplain.  This  has  been  known  as  the  "preachers'  regiment,"  on  account  of  the  fact  that  all  of 
the  principal  officers  were  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

The  regiment  was  the  second  mustered  into  service  under  the  call.  Of  this  regiment  McNutt's  com- 
pany was  designated  C,  and  the  color  company,  and  Burroughs'  company,  E.  On  the  27th  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  the  field,  and,  without  arms,  they  were  transported  to  Louisville. 

The  first  camp  was  in  the  outskirts  of  Louisville,  near  the  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  depot.  After  a  while  the 
regiment  was  armed,  and  in  the  early  part  of  September  the  camp  was  moved  to  a  point  some  four  miles 
from  the  city,  where  a  division  was  formed  with  the  Seventy-third  and  100th  Illinois  and  the  Seventy- 
ninth  and  Eighty-eighth  Indiana  as  one  brigade,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Kirk.  While  in  this  camp, 
great  commotion  was  caused  by  the  defeat  of  the  Union  troops  at  Richmond,  Ky.,  and  the  division  was 
ordered  under  arms,  and  made  a  rapid  advance  of  near  a  da\-'s  march,  when,  meeting  the  retreating  forces, 
they  returned  to  camp. 

About  the  middle  of  September  the  Seventy-third  was  sent  to  Cincinnati  to  assist  in  defending  it 
against  the  threatened  attack  of  Kirby  Smith.  The  regiment  returned  to  Louisville  in  the  latter  part  of 
September.  A  reorganization  of  the  army  now  caused  the  Seventy-third  to  be  brigaded  with  the  Forty- 
fourth  Illinois  and  the  Second  and  Fifteenth  Missouri,  making  a' part  of  the  division  under  Gen.  Phil 
Sheridan.  On  October  1  the  army  of  100,000,  under  General  Buell,  moved  from  Louisville  to  meet 
General  liragg,  who  with  Kirby  Smith  was  overrunning  the  country  in  that  vicinity.  The  weather  was 
verj^  hot  and  drj',  and  here  the  ex])erience  of  all  new  regiments  of  disposing  of  superfluous  accoutrements 
such  as  overcoats,  knapsacks,  etc.,  began,  and  the  line  of  march  was  strewed  with  a  variety  of  handy, 
though  dispensable  articles.  On  the  8th  Sheridan's  division  neared  Doctor's  Fork,  a  fine  stream  of  water 
near  Perryville.  The  Union  soldiers  were  anxious  to  reach  this  point,  and  the  rebels  were  determined 
to  check  their  advance,  and,  from  a  skirmish,  this  grew  to  be  a  desperate  battle.  Through  some  blunder 
the  .Seventy-third  was  advanced  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  front  of  the  main  line,  up  to  the  very  jaws  of 
a  rebel  battery  and  near  the  columns  of  the  main  rebel  infantr}-.  In  the  nick  of  time  it  was  ordered  to 
fall  back  and  the  rebel  battery  immediately  opening  upon  them,  they  obeyed  with  alacrity,  and  gained  the 
main  line  without  serious  loss.  In  the  fight  that  ensued  the  Seventy-third  was  in  the  froiit  line.  Company 
C  had  in  this  fight  about  seventy  men  engaged,  of  whom  John  J.  H.ilstead.  Zimri  Lewis,  Josiah  Cooper, 
James  E.  Moore,  Samuel  Boen,  John  S.  Long,  F.  M.  Stevens  and  D.  W.  Doops  were  wounded.  Cooper 
and  Lewis  subsequently  dying  of  their  wounds.  In  Company  E  John  Murdock  lost  his  life,  and  J.  M. 
Dougherty  and  John  L.  Moore  were  dangerously  wounded. 


From  here  the  army  was  marched  to  Nashville,  which  place  was  reached  on  November  7,  and  the 
army  went  into  camp.  By  this  time  General  Buell  had  been  succeeded  by  General  Rosecrans.  The  cam- 
paign through  Kentucky  and  part  of  Tennessee,  though  of  but  five  weeks'  duration,  was  an  eventful  one  to 
the  new  troops.  It  had  been  almost  a  continual  round  of  marching,  counter-marching,  skirmishing  and 
fighting  through  a  rough  countr)'  that  had  already  been  stripped  of  almost  everything  in  the  shape  of 
forage.  This  sudden  baptism  into  the  rugged  experiences  of  war  told  sadly  upon  many  whose  lives  had 
been  passed  in  the  quiet  scenes  of  the  village  or  farm.  During  the  six  weeks'  encampment  at  Nashville 
and  Mill  Creek,  eleven  men  of  Company  C  died  and  thirteen  were  discharged  for  disability.  Hawes  and 
Davis,  of  Company  D,  resigned  on  account  of  sickness,  and  T.  D.  Kyger  and  W.  R.  Lawrence  were  pro- 
moted to  the  vacancies.  Lieutenant  Blosser,  of  Company  E,  resigned,  and  one  Presson  was  promoted 
from  another  company  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Less  than  three  months  had  elapsed,  and  the  two  companies 
had  lost  fifty- four  men. 

On  December  26  the  camp  at  Mill  Creek  was  broken  and  the  march  for  Murfreesboro  was  begun  in 
further  pursuit  of  Bragg,  who  had  greatly  reinforced  his  army.  On  the  30th  the  vicinity  of  Murfrees- 
boro was  reached  and  almost  immediately  skirmishing  began.  This  was  a  most  hotly  contested  field  in 
which,  however,  the  federal  troops  proved  victorious.  The  Seventy-third  lost  in  this  severely  and  the 
two  companies  from  Vermilion  were  sufiferers,  John  Dye  and  James  Yoho  being  killed.  Lieutenant  Law- 
rence and  Daniel  Laycott  taken  prisoner,  and  George  Pierce  severely  wounded. 

Rosecrans  was  proud  of  this  victory  and  of  the  men  under  his  command  and  made  a  special  order 
providing  for  a  roll  of  honor  to  be  composed  of  one  name  from  ever)'  company,  to  be  selected  by  the 
members  of  the  company.    Company  C  selected  Sergt.  \\'illiam  H.  Newlin. 

In  June  our  regiment  came  in  contact  with  the  rebels  at  a  point  near  Fairfield,  and  Alexander  Nich- 
olson, of  Company  C,  was  wounded.  In  August,  Captain  McNutt  resigned,  and  Lieutenant  Kyger  was 
promoted  captain^  Second  Lieutenant  Lawrence  to  first  lieutenant,  and  David  A.  Smith  succeeded  to 
the  second  lieutenancy.  Lieutenant  Lawrence  had  returned  in  Alay  after  a  five  months'  absence  in  Libby 
Prison. 

On  September  10  the  army  again  advanced  toward  Chattanooga,  to  dislodge  Bragg  from  that  posi- 
tion. In  the  many  engagements  in  the  vicinity  of  Chattanooga  the  Seventy-third  took  active  part,  and  in 
the  one  at  Crawfish  Springs,  on  September  20,  the  brigade  to  which  the  Seventy-third  belonged  played 
a  most  important  part,  and  displayed  a  degree  of  bra\er\'  seldom  equaled ;  contending  with  and  holding 
in  check  the  massed  columns  of  the  rebels  at  a  most  critical  moment.  Companies  E  and  C  suffered  heav- 
ily. Sergt.  John  Lewis,  of  Company  C,  and  color  bearer,  fell,  but  held  the  flag  aloft.  It  was  taken  by 
Corp.  Austin  Henderson,  of  Company  C,  but  he  carried  it  only  a  few  steps,  when  he  was  wounded.  Each 
of  the  color  guard,  who  took  the  flag,  was  either  dead,  wounded  or  prisoners.  Lieut.  D.  A.  Smith.  Arte- 
mus  Terrell  and  Enoch  Smith,  of  Company  C,  were  killed.  Lieutenant  Lawrence,  Sergts.  John  Lewis 
and  William  Sheets.  Corporal  Henderson,  Privates  John  Burk,  Samuel  Hewit,  John  Bostwick,  Hender- 
son. Goodwine  and  H.  C.  Henderson  were  wounded.  Sergt.  W.  H.  Newlin,  Enoch  Brown,  W.  F.  Ellis 
and  John  Thornton  were  taken  prisoners.  All  of  these  prisoners,  except  Newlin,  died  at  Andersonville 
prison.  Newlin  was  taken  to  Danville.  Va.,  and  about  six  months  later  made  his  escape  to  the  Union 
lines.  Of  those  of  Company  C  who  went  into  this  battle,  more  than  one-third  were  killed,  wounded  or 
captured.  Company  E  lost  William  C.  McCoy,  killed,  and  H.  Neville,  wounded.  The  activity  of  battle 
was  not  the  only  hardship  our  heroes  had  to  bear,  for  at  this  time,  on  account  of  scarcity  of  rations,  and 
the  long  continued  foraging  by  both  armies  on  the  surrounding  country,  the  soldiers  were  not  only  often 
hungrj'  but  in  many  cases  half  starved.  On  October  24  Lieutenant  Lawrence  resigned,  leaving  Captain 
Kyger  the  only  commissioned  officer  in  the  company. 

In  November  the  fights  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Mission  Ridge  took  place,  and  as  usual  the  Sev- 
enty-third was  in  front.  The  flag  of  the  Seventy-third  again  fell  from  the  hands  of  the  new  color-bearer, 
Harty,  to  be  snatched  up  by  Kyger,  and  by  him  and  Harty,  who  had  risen,  was  one  of  the  first  planted 
on  the  heights  of  the  mountain.  In  this  engagement  Stephen  Newlin  and  Nathaniel  Henderson,  of  Com- 
pany C.  and  William  Hickman,  of  Company  E,  were  wounded.  In  March  the  Seventy-third  marched  to 
Cleveland,  Tenn.,  where  it  remained  in  carnp  until  called  into  the  Atlanta  campaign.  The  movement  of 
Sherman's  army  on  the  memorable  campaign  began  with  the  month  of  May,  1864.  and  that  part  to  which 
the  Seventy-third  belonged  broke  camp  at  Cleveland  on  the  3d  of  that  month.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  from 
this  date  until  September  4.  the  Seventy-third  was  under  fire  eight  days  out  of  ten,  Sundays  not  excepted. 
It  was  a  continuous  fight  from  Caloosa  Springs  to  Lovejoy  Station.  During  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and 
until  the  end  of  the  war,  the  Seventy-third  was  in  the  first  brigade,  second  division  and  fourth  army 
corps.  In  the  battles  of  Buzzard  Roost,  Dalton  and  Resaca,  the  regiment  engaged  and  suffered  some  loss. 
At  Burnt  Hickory,  Dallas  and  New  Hope  Church,  the  regiment  was  also  engaged.  The  enemy's  works  at 
this  place  were  very  strong  and  well-night  impregnable ;  but  when  the  order  came  to  advance  and  take 
them  the  lines  swept  forward  and  occupied  them  with  comparative  ease,  but  just  as  the  federal  soldiers 
were  fairly  in  possession,  the  rebels  were  strongly  reinforced,  and  the  Union  forces,  embracing  the  Sev- 
enty-third, fell  back  to  their  original  position.  In  this  engagement,  though  the  lowest  part  of  the  ground, 
the  shots  from  the  enemy  passed  harmlessly  over  their  heads.  On  the  17th  of  July  the  regiment  crossed 
the  Chattahoochee  River',  and  on  the  20th  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek.    In  this  battle 

100 


the  Seventy-third  occupied  a  very  dangerous  position  and  did  most  splendid  execution,  having  but  one 
man  killed  and  a  dozen  slightly  wounded.  Shortly  after  this  the  army  had  settled  down  in  front  of 
Atlanta.  After  the  capture  of  Atlanta,  a  siege  of  six  weeks,  the  army  marched  toward  Chattanooga, 
arriving  there  about  September  20.  From  Chattanooga  the  line  of  march  lay  through  Huntsville  and 
Linville,  arriving  in  due  time  at  Pulaski,  where  the  skirmishers  began  to  come  in  contact  with  those  of 
Hood's  army.  In  the  vicinity  of  Columbia  the  Seventy-third  took  active  part,  in  one  instance  sustaining 
the  shock  af  cavalry.  This  was  about  November  24  to  28.  All  the  way  to  Columbia,  whither  the 
Union  forces  were  returning,  followed  closely  by  Hood  and  his  army,  there  was  continual  fighting,  in 
which  the  Seventy-third  was  almost  constantly  engaged.  This  was  the  last  stand  of  any  consequence 
made  by  the  rebels  in  Tennessee.  It  was  an  obstinately  contested  field  and  seemed  to  be  the  destruction 
of  the  last  hope  of  the  rebels  to  maintain  their  cause  in  this  part  of  the  countr}'.  The  hardships  endured 
by  Thomas'  army  in  the  last  few  days  of  this  struggle  were  extreme,  but  not  more  so  in  the  actual  conflict 
than  in  the  forced  marches,  hunger  and  loss  of  sleep ;  and  to  accord  equal  braverj'  and  endurance  to  the 
Seventy-third  is  only  to  repeat  what  has  already  been  written  by  some  of  the  most  critical  historians  af 
the  country.  A  few  days  later  the  regiment  made,  in  the  assault  on  the  enemy  at  Harpetli  Hill,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Xashville,  their  last  charge,  which  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  splendid  in  their  experience. 
As  if  indicating  that  the  Seventy-third  had  reaped  sufficient  glory,  the  remnants  of  the  rebel  army  with- 
drew from  Tennessee  and  left  our  heroes  in  possession  of  the  state  and  twelve  or  fifteen  thousand  prisoners. 
The  Union  army  marched  now  to  Huntsville,  Alabama,  arriving  there  on  the  5th  of  January,  1865 ; 
the  73rd  remaining  here  until  the  28th  of  March,  at  which  time  it  left  by  railroad  for  East  Tennessee. 
While  encamped  near  Blue  Springs  the  war  closed,  and  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Nashville,  where, 
on  the  12th  of  June,  it  was  mustered  out.  and  in  a  few  days  started  for  Springfield,  going  on  the  same  train 
with  tlie  79th  Illinois.  Two'  trains  conveyed  the  73rd  as  it  was  going  to  the  theatre  of  war;  the  war 
over,  one  train,  no  larger  than  either  of  the  two  mentioned,  conveyed  both  the  regiments  from  Nash- 
ville to  Springfield,  indicating  that  the  hardships  of  army  life  had  dealt  severely  with  their  ranks.  At 
Springfield  the  boys  received  their  final  pay  and  discharges,  and  dispersed  to  their  several  homes,  hav- 
ing been  absent  from  the  county  within  a  few  days  of  three  years.  The  heroic  dead  of  this  regiment, 
whose  absence  was  most  notable  on  the  home  trip,  lie  buried,  some  in  graves  dug  by  friendly  hands ;  but 
were  tombstones  erected  for  those  whose  bodies  were  hastily  pushed  into  the  unwelcome  soil  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Tennessee,  they  would  almost  be  equivalent  to  the  milestones  to  mark  the  road  of  the  army 
through  the  countrj-,  which  they  fought  to  retain  the  Union.  Twenty-six  men  of  the  73rd  were  made 
prisoners,  and  of  these  sixteen  died  of  hunger  and  ill-treatment.  Of  the  keepers  of  these  last,  as  did  Jef- 
ferson on  the  subject  of  slavery,  so  say  we:  "We  tremble"  for  them,  "when  we  consider  that  God  is 
just,  and  that  his  \'engeance  will  not  sleep  forever." 

Thirty-fifth  Regiment  Illinois  Infantry 

This  regiment,  nearly  five  comiianies  of  which  were  from  Vermilion  county,  was  organized  at 
Decatur  on  the  3rd  of  July,  1861,  and  was  one  of  the  very  first  to  go  forward  to  defend  the  country 
from  the  rebel  hordes  who  were  not  only  threatening  the  life  of  the  nation,  but  whose  grasp  seemed  to 
be  already  encircling  it. 

Companies  D,  E,  F  and  I  were  almost  wholly  from  this  county,  and  also  a  large  number  of  Com- 
pany .\.  the  last  named  being  under  the  command  of  Captain  Philip  D.  Hammond,  of  Danville.  Com- 
pany D  was  raised  in  Catlin,  and  had  for  its  officers,  William  R.  Timmons,  captain  ;  U.  J.  Fox,  first-lieu- 
tenant;  and  Josiah  Timmons,  second-lieutenant.  Company  E  was  officered  by  William  L.  Oliver,  L.  J. 
Eyman  and  George  C.  Maxon,  captain,  first  and  second  lieutenants,  respectively.  This  company  was 
raised  in  the  townships  of  Georgetown  and  Carroll.  Company  F  was  a  Danville  Company,  and  had  for 
captain,  A.  C.  Keys;  first-lieutenant.  John  Q.  A.  Luddington,  and  second-lieutenant,  J.  M.  Sinks.  Com- 
pany I  was  raised  in  the  vicinity  of  Catlin  and  Fairmount.  Of  this  company,  A.  B.  B.  Lewis  was  elected 
captain,   Joseph   Truax,   first-lieutenant   and   Joseph   F.   Clise.   second-lieutenant. 

In  the  organization  of  the  regiment,  W.  P.  Chandler,  of  l)an\ille.  was  elected  lieutenant-colonel; 
and,  by  the  disabling  of  Colonel  Smith  at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  Colonel  Chandler  was  put  in  com- 
mand, and  was  afterward  promoted  to  the  office. 

On  the  23rd  of  July  the  regiment  was  accepted  as  Colonel  G.  A.  .Smith's  Independent  Regiment  of 
Illinois  Volunteers,  and  on  the  4th  of  August,  left  Decatur  for  the  theatre  of  war.  The  regiment  arrived 
at  Jefi"erson  barracks,  Missouri,  the  next  day,  where  it  remained  one  week,  and  then  removed  to  Marine 
Hospital,  .St.  Louis,  where  it  was  mustered  into  service.  On  the  5th  of  September  it  was  transported 
by  rail  to  Jefferson  City,  Missouri,  and  from  thence,  on  the  15th  of  October,  to  .Sedalia.  to  join  General 
Sigel's  advance  on  Springfield,  arriving  at  that  i)oint  on  the  26th  of  October.  From  November  13  to  19 
the  regiment  was  on  the  march  from  .Springfield  to  Rolla.  From  January  24,  1862,  the  army  to  which 
the  35th  was  attached  was  in  pursuit  of  (General  Price,  and  here  our  regiment  l)egan  to  experience  a  taste 
of  real  war.  At  the  memorable  liattle  of  Pea  Ridge,  the  regiment  took  active  part,  and  lost  in  killed  and 
wounded  a  number  of  its  bravest  men,  among  the  wounded  being  Colonel  Smith.  At  the  siege  of  Corinth 
the  regiment  took  an  important  part,  and  was  at  that  place  upon  its  evacuation  on  the  30th  of  May.    At 

101 


Perryville  and  Stone  River  the  regiment  was  also  engaged,  at  the  latter  place  losing  heavily  in  killed 
and  wounded.  This  was  during  the  first  three  days  of  Januar)-,  1863.  The  regiment  was  the  first  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Tennessee  River,  crossing  that  stream  on  the  28th  of  August.  At  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  September  20,  the  regiment  was  engaged,  and  again  suiifered  severely.  By  the  22nd  of 
September  the  regiment  was  at  Chattanooga. 

In  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  on  November  23-25,  the  regiment  was  placed  in  a  most  dangerous 
and  important  position,  being  in  the  front  line,  and  displayed  great  valor  and  coolness,  being  led  to  within 
twenty  steps  of  the  rebel  works  on  the  crest  of  the  hill.  In  the  assault  all  of  the  color-guard  were  shot 
down,  and  Colonel  Chandler  carried  the  flag  into  the  enemy  works,  followed  by  his  men.  By  December 
7  the  regiment  was  at  Knoxville,  from  which  point  it  was  sent  on  various  important  and  dangerous  expe- 
ditions. The  regiment  was  assigned  to  duty  next  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  to  recount  all  of  the  inci- 
dents, skirmishes  and  fights  in  which  the  35th  took  part  would  be  only  to  repeat  what  has  been  said  over 
and  over  in  regard  to  other  regiments.  The  reader  will  simply  turn  to  the  story  related  elsewhere,  and 
appropriate  it  here.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  at  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Dallas,  Mud  Creek  and  Kenesaw  the 
regiment  was  fully  tested  in  coolness  and  braver)',  and  never  disappointed  its  commanders.  On  the  31st 
of  August  the  regiment  started  to  Springfield,  Illinois,  where  it  was  mustered  out  on  the  27th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1864. 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  Regiment 

The  125th  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers  was  raised  under  the  call  by  President  Lincoln,  and  was 
organized  and  mustered  intoi  the  service  of  the  United  States  on  the  3rd  of  September,  1862,  at  Dan- 
ville, Illinois.  It  was  composed  of  seven  companies  (A,  B,  C,  D,  G,  I  and  K)  from  Vermillion,  and 
three  companies  (E,  F  and  H)  from  Champaign. 

The  regiment  was  organized  by  the  selection  of  the  following  officers :  Oscar  F.  Harmon,  Danville, 
colonel;  James  W.  Langley,  Champaign,  lieutenant-colonel;  John  B.  Lee,  Catlin,  major;  William  Mann, 
Danville,  adjutant;  Levi  W.  Sanders,  chaplain,  and  John  McElroy,  surgeon.  The  principal  officers  of 
Company  A,  as  organized,  were :  Clark  Ralston,  captain;  Jackson  Charles,  first-lieutenant,  and  Harri- 
son Low,  second-lieutenant.  Of  Company  B,  Robert  Steward  was  captain ;  AMlliam  R.  Wilson,  first- 
lieutenant,  and  S.  D.  Conover,  second-lieutenant.  Of  Company  C,  William  W.  Fellows  was  captain ; 
Alexander  Pollock,  first-lieutenant,  and  James  D.  New,  second-lieutenant.  Company  D  had  for  captain, 
George  W.  Galloway ;  James  B.  Stevens,  first  and  John  L.  Jones,  second-lieutenant.  John  H.  Gass  was 
captain  of  Company  G;  Ephraim  S.  Howells,  first  and  Josiah  Lee,  second-lieutenant.  Company  I  was 
officered  by  Levin  Vinson,  John  E.  Vinson  and  Stephen  Brothers  as  captain,  first  and  second-lieutenants, 
respectively.  The  officers  of  Company  K  were :  George  W.  Cook,  captain ;  Oliver  P.  Hunt,  first- 
lieutenant,  and  Joseph  F.  Crosby,  second-lieutenant. 

Immediately  on  its  being  received  into  the  service,  it  was  sent  to  Cincinnati,  where  it  was  placed 
in  the  fortification  around  Covington,  Kentucky,  but  was  in  a  few  days  sent  to  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
which  at  that  time  was  threatened  by  Bragg,  and  upon  his  retreat  was  connected  with  the  pursuing  forces, 
and  received  its  "baptism  of  fire"  at  the  battle  of  Perryville,  Kentucky,  assisting  in  drixing  the  rebel  army 
out  of  the  state.  After  the  battle  above  named  it  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
which  will  long  be  remembered  by  its  members  as  being  the  most  severe  campaign  of  their  service, 
owing  to  their  experience  in  such  duties,  and  many  of  the  regiment  centracted  diseases  that  resulted  in 
death  or  complete  disability.  During  the  winter  following  the  regiment  did  duty  in  the  fortifications, 
and  on  patrol  and  picket  service  in  and  around  the  city.  Owing  to  the  ignorance  of  camp  life  and  the 
scarcity  of  supplies,  this  period  was  more  disastrous  to  the  organization  than  any  of  its  subsequent  bat- 
tles. Severe  picket  duty,  tiresome  drills,  and  the  dull  routine  of  camp  life,  made  up  the  sum  of  the  regi- 
ment's duties  until  they  were  ordered  to  report  to  General  Rosecrans,  who  was  about  to  take  up  the 
gauntlet  thrown  down  by  Bragg  at  Chattanooga. 

Proceeding  by  a  circuitous  route  through  western  Tennessee  and  northern  Alabama,  driving  the 
enemy  at  Rose  and  other  minor  points,  the  brigade  to  which  the  regiment  belonged,  then  connected  with 
General  Gordon  Granger's  Reserve  Corps,  the  command  found  itself  in  position  in  front  of  the  enemy  on 
the  eve  of  what  proved  to  be  a  disastrous  battle  to  the  federal  forces,  the  day  of  Chickamauga.  In  that 
battle  the  125th  took  a  prominent  part,  by  defending  and  holding  positions  of  importance.  On  the  retire- 
ment of  Rosecrans  to  Chattanooga  after  his  comi)arative  defeat,  the  brigade,  then  commanded  by  Colonel 
Dan  McCook,  was  placed  to  defend  Rossville  Gap,  an  important  pass,  while  General  Thomas  collected 
the  remnants  of  the  army,  to  resist  the  farther  advance  of  the  victorious  foe.  In  the  defense  of  this 
important  position  the  regiment  was  under  a  severe  fire,  and  met  with  loss,  but  held  its  ground  through 
the  day,  and  checked  the  enemy  in  its  front.  After  nightfall  it  was  ordered  to  retire,  and  was  among 
the  last  to  leave  the  field,  marching  to  Chattanooga,  where  it  took  part  within  the  fortifications,  and 
awaited  the  approach  of  the  enemy.  Here  it  remained  until  it  was  determined  that  Bragg  did  not  intend 
to  push  his  successes  farther,  when  the  regiment  was  sent  to  a  point  up  the  Tennessee  River  known  as 
"Caldwell's  Ford,"  at  the  mouth  of  Chickamauga  Creek.  Here  is  experienced  an  incident  which  was  one 
of  the  most  startling  and  trying  of  its  career.     The  camp  was  pitched  about  one-half  mile  back  from  the 


river,  on  the  hillside,  an  exposed  position,  but  rendered  necessary  by  the  nature  of  the  ground.  On  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river  was  a  rebel  picket  post,  and  a  hill  of  some  dimensions.  The  opportunity  to 
attack  was  deemed  so  favorable  by  the  rebels,  that,  on  the  night  of  the  16th  of  November,  1863,  they 
placed  a  heavy  battery  of  eight  guns  in  position,  and  at  the  break  of  day  opened  fire  on  the  camp.  The 
bursting  of  shells  and  the  crack  of  solid  shot  through  the  tents  was  the  first  sound  heard  by  the  com- 
mand in  the  morning.  It  was  truly  a  grand  reveille,  and  certainly  the  men  never  responded  more  quickly 
than  they  did  on  that  memorable  morning  to  roll-call.  Amid  the  thunder  of  the  rebel  guns,  and  the 
quick  and  gallant  response  of  our  own  battery  (two  guns  placed  to  assist  the  regiment),  the  command 
was  formed  in  line  of  battle,  exj^ecting  the  river  to  be  crossed  and  the  camp  attacked.  The  execution 
of  our  guns,  however,  soon  informed  the  enemy  that  they  had  undertaken  a  difficult  task,  and,  as  was 
afterward  learned,  finding  that  they  were  experiencing  loss,  retired.  The  only  loss  sustained  by  the 
regiment  was  the  death  of  the  chaplain,  Levi  \V.  .'zanders,  who  was  struck  by  a  round  shot  in  the  head 
and  instantlv  killed. 


At    Caldwell's    Ford    the    regiment    remained 
the    battle    of    Mission    Ridyc.    and    the    defeat 


the    adxance 
e  enem\-.      In 


,vas  made  which  culminated  in 
this  battle  in  did  not  take  an 
active  part  until  the  enemy  was  in  full 
retreat,  assisting  in  driving  him  be- 
yond reach.  Learning  of  the  threat- 
ened attack  of  Knoxville  by  a  portion 
of  the  forces  from  the  eastern  army, 
it  was  sent  to  the  relief  of  that  post. 
Accomplishing  that  object,  it  returned 
and  went  into  camp  on  Chickamauga 
Creek,  at  a  place  know  as  Lee  and 
Cordon  Mills,  Georgia.  Here  it 
awaited  the  reorganization  of  the 
army,  and  was  placed  in  the  3rd  bri- 
gade, 3rd  division  of  the  14th  Army 
Corps,  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis  com- 
manding. And  now  commenced  the 
most  vigorous  part  of  the  regiment's 
career.  On  the  advance  of  the  Grant 
army  on  what  is  known  as  the  "At- 
lanta Campaign,"  it  was  under  fire 
many  times,  and  participated  in  sev- 
eral battles  in  approaching  that  city. 
In  the  battle  of  Kenncsaw  Mountain, 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  Tennessee,  and 
other  engagements,  the  regiment  suf- 
fered severely,  and  at  the  end  of  that 
campaign  nearly  or  quite  one-half  of 
the  command  that  entered  upon  it 
were  among  the  dead  or  wounded.  .\t 
Kennesaw  Mountain,  on  the  fatal  27th 
of  June,  1S()4.  it  lost  one-half  of  the 
command.  Just  previous  to  the  order 
to  charge  being  given,  the  regiment 
mustered  two  hundred  and  forty  guns. 
.\fter  the  charge,  and  when  the  list 
was  made  of  the  casualties,  it  was 
found  that  over  one-half  had  been 
killed  or  wounded.  Here  fell  Colonel 
Harmon,  Captain  Fellows,  Captain 
Lee,  Lieutenant  McLean  and  many 
a  brave  private,  whose  names  are 
embalmed  in  the  hearts  (if  friends,  and  referred  to  with  sadness  after  a  lapse  of  fifteen  years.  Colonel 
Harmon  had  been  chieliy  instrumental  in  raising  the  regiment.  He  had  left  honors  and  a  lucrative 
profession  at  home,  to  respond  to  his  country's  call,  and  gave  his  life  in  its  defense.  His  name  will  be 
remembered  so  long  as  a  member  of  the  command  lives,  and  venerated  by  them. 

This  campaign  ended  in  the  battle  of  Jonesborough,  in  which  the  regiment  sufiered  severe  loss,  as 
they  did  at  Peach  Tree  Creek,  and  the  .subsequent  capture  of  Atlanta. 

At  Atlanta  a  reorganization  of  the  army  occurred,  and  the  conception  of  the  great  campaign  known 
in  history  as  the  "March  to  the  Sea"  under  Sherman.  With  that  army  the  regiment  took  up  the  fine  of 
march  toward  the  coast,  and  without  any  startling  incidents  aside  from  skirmishes,  etc,  reached  Savan- 
nah about  the  20th  of  December,  1864,  and  participated  in  the  honor  attending  the  capture  of  that  import- 

103 


Colone 


ant  post.  It  lost  many  men  in  this  campaign,  through  capture,  sickness,  etc.  Crossing  the  Savannah  at 
Sister's  Ferry,  at  the  commencement  of  the  campaign  which  culminated  in  the  surrender  of  the  Con- 
federate forces  and  the  suppression  of  the  great  rebellion,  after  the  evacuation  of  Richmond,  it  advanced 
with  the  left  wing  of  the  army  and  participated  in  its  last  battle  at  Bentonville,  a  small  town  in  North 
Carolina,  losing  quite  heavily.  On  the  surrender  of  Johnston  it  marched  to  Washington,  where  it  re- 
mained several  weeks,  and  was  then  sent  to  Chicago,  where  it  was  mustered  out,  paid  and  discharged 
from  the  service  of  tlie  United  States  after  nearly  three  years  of  active  service,  with  hardly  one-half  of 
those  who  had  started  with  it  from  Danville  remaining.  Many  had  died  or  had  been  killed  in  action; 
others  had  been  discharged  from  disability  arising  from  wounds  or  diseases  contracted  by  exposure  and 
the  severity  of  campaign  life,  and  a  few,  a  very  few,  had  been  lost  by  desertion.  And  thus  ended  the 
service  of  the  125th  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers  in  the  "Great  Rebellion." 

The  foregoing  narratives  amply  record  the  proud  part  the  Vermilion  regiments  played  in  this,  the 
greatest  of  civil  wars. 

For  four  years  the  war  raged.  The  hope  of  Douglas  was  fulfilled,  it  was  the  cotton  fields  of  the 
south  and  not  the  com  fields  of  the  north  that  lay  in  devastation.  Crushed  slowly  by  the  weight  of  the 
northern  armies,  the  southern  Confederacy  wilted.  Her  armies,  ill-nourished  and  poorly  supplied,  battled 
with  the  dogged  determination  that  characterizes  tlie  American  everv'where. 

The  soft  beauty  of  the  southern  country  was  now  a  sad  spectacle. 

Fought  out  but  not  outfought  the  South  yielded.  The  northern  victor}'  hastened  by  the  ability  of 
Illinois'  greatest  fighter.  General  U.  S.  Grant,  was  convincing  and  complete. 

With  the  surrender  of  General  Lee  at  Appomatox  Court  House,  General  U.  S.  Grant  brought  the 
war  to  a  close. 


General  U.  S.  Grant 


Chapter  XV 


THE  CIVIL  WAR  fought  and  won.  the  mantle  of  peace  settled  down  once  more  over  the  country 
after  a  period  of  reconstruction. 

Not  again  until  1898,  did  Vermilion  hear  th,;  call  to  arms.  This  time  it  was  a  foreign  foe.  Again 
it  was  the  stor\'  of  America  coming  to  the  aid  of  the  unfortunate.  Cuba,  at  our  very  doors,  down- 
trodden, abused  and  bullied  by  the  decadent  Spain,  excited  the  pity  of  every  freedom-loving  man, 
woman  and  child  in  the  United  States.     Cuba  Libre— was  the  cry. 

What  I'unker  Hill  had  been  to  the  Revolution,  and  Fort  Sumter  to  the  Rebellion,  so  was  the 
Sinking  of  the  Maine  on  Fel)ruary   15.  1898,  the  beginning  of  our  war  with   Spain. 

This  frightful  deed  quickly  brought  about  the  declaration  of  hostilities. 

L-rmilion   sprang  to  the   front,   her  response  to   President    McKinle)'s  call    for  volunteers  was 


1  m  m  I 


■diate,  hrr  manhood   stepped  forth   individu:ill\   and 


.An  example  of  the  part  played  by  \'ermili(in  is  \i\idly  i:ortra\'e(l  b\-  the  history  of  the  cam- 
paign of  Battery  ,\,  1st  Illinois  Light  .Artillery. 

History  of  Battery  A,   1st  Light  Artillery,  Illinois  Volunteers  During 
The  Spanish  American  War 

Battery  .\,  1st  Illinois  Light  Artillery  which  hailed  from  Vermilion  county  was  with  the  invad- 
ing army  in  Porto  Rico.  Battery  A  was  not  included  in  the  first  call  for  troops  from  Illinois,  but 
thanks  to  Hon.  Joseph  G.  Cannon  and  others  in  authority  who  were  friendly  to  the  Vermilion  county 
boys,  the  Battery  was  called  into  service.  It  was  the  only  battery  from  Illinois  during  the  Spanish- 
American  War.  It  was  the  first  volunteer  battery  to  arrive  at  Chickamauga  Park,  (k-orgia,  and  it 
was  the  first  to  have  a  complete  modern  equipment.  For  nearly  two  months  the  men  were  put 
through  training  at  Chickamauga  Park;  all  were  eager  to  get  to  the  front.  It  was  first  rumored 
that  they  would  be  sent  with  the  invading  army  into  Cuba  under  C.eneral  Shafter,  but  with  this  the 
hopes  of  the  men  fell  when  General  Shafter  and  his  army  sailed.  It  w^ns  again  rumored  that  they 
would  be  sent  to  the  Philippines  with  General  Merritt,  but  again  the  men  suffered  defeat  in  their 
expectation.  Finally  the  order  came  to  "strike  tents,"  and  on  July  24,  1898,  the  Battery  broke  camp 
and  started  for  Porto  Rico. 

The  e(|uipment  consisted  of  hnn  3.2  breech-loading  guns,  75  horses,  \(<  mules,  4  baggage  wagons. 
173  men  and  4  officers. 

The  first  excitement  to  arouse  the  men  was  on  August  3,  the  LT.  S.  Transport  Roumanian  ran 
aground  on  a  coral  reef.  There  was  a  great  deal  of  useless  tugging,  but  without  avail ;  there  was 
nothing  to  do  but  wait  for  the  tide  to  come  in  and  carry  that  ship  clear  of  the  reef.  The  ship  safely 
anchored  and  the  troops  disembarked  and  went  into  camp.  On  August  the  12th  the  Vermilion 
county  boys  started  on  a  march  inland  from  Arroyo  to  Guayama.  The  main  fighting  had  been  done 
by  the  infantry,  so  the  Battery  had  a  comparatively  easy  journey.  1'he  situation  had  become  serious. 
The  L'nited  States  soldiers  were  penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  island  with  the  intention  of 
driving  the  Spaniards  into  San  Juan  and  then  laying  siege  to  the  city.  The  (li\  isinn  to  which  Bat- 
tery .\  belonged  was  commanded  by  Major  General  John  R.  Brooke. 

This  i)roniised  to  be  the  hottest  engagement  of  the  war  u])  to  that  time,  'I  he  Spanish  army, 
strongl)'  intrenched  upon  the  mountain  side  and  in  the  \alle\  .  were  in  a  jxisition  to  resist  an}'  attempt 
to  rout  them.  There  were  Illinois  troops  everywhere  in  the  valley,  on  the  mountain  heights,  and 
the  signal  corps  was  busy.  Battery  A,  with  three  other  batteries,  arrived  there  on  August  12. 
.August  13  was  the  critical  day,  and  was  brought  to  a  most  unexpected  conclusion.  Battery  .A's 
guns  were  sighted  on  the  block-house,  the  guns  were  blocked  and  ready.  Then  all  of  a  sudden,  like 
a  bolt  of  lightning  from  a  clear  sky,  came  the  messenger  of  peace  upon  the  scene  "to  cease  hostili- 
ties." There  were  mingled  regrets.  The  Vermilion  county  boys  were  disappointed  and  did  not 
hesitate  to  express  themselves.  They  had  come  hundreds  of  miles  to  fight,  they  had  taken  artillery 
and  ammunition  trains  many  miles  through  rain,  rocks  and  mud,  o\er  the  mountains,  only  to  have 
the  glory  snatched  from  beneath  their  eyes.  But  the  peace  protocol  had  to  be  obeyed.  A  dis- 
appointed and  sad  lot  of  men  started  on  their  return  trip  to  the  coast.  Now  came  some  of  the  real 
hardships  of  war.  The  rainy  season  was  on  and  the  roads  were  almost  impassable.  Many  of  the 
men  were  taken  sick  and  hospitals  were  crowded,  as  the  tropical  fevers  were  beginning  to  tell.  On 
August  28  they  reached  Ponce,  Porto  Rico.  The  soldiers  in  Ponce  turned  out  to  welcome  Battery  A 
and  the  natives  supplied  the  boys  with  food.  This  ended  the  campaign  in  Porto  Rico.  On  Sep- 
tember 7,   1898,   the   Battery   loaded   on  the   U.   S.  Transport   Manitoba,  and   sailed   for  the  L^nited 


States.  Arriving  at  W'eehavvkcn,  X.  J.,  September  13,  the  Battery  immediately  disembarked  and 
loaded  on  a  train  and  started  for  Danville,  Illinois,  arriving  there  September  15.  Battery  A  was 
mustered  out  of  the  U.  S.  service  November  25,  1898,  pursuant  to  G.  O.  No.  124,  A.  G.  O'.,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

The  Battery  lost  two  men  in  the  service,  Corporal   Alden    B.  Yoho  and   Private   Edward  Ash- 
worth. 

Roster 

Battery  A,  1st  Illinois  Light  Artillery 


Captain 

Oscar  P.  Ycagcr 

First  Lieutenants 
Ralph  B.  Holmes 
William  J.  Miller 

Second  Lieutenants 
Eddy  K.  G.  Shutts 
Fred  A.  Baumgart 

First  Sergeant 
Earle  C.  Thornton 

Quarter-Master  Sergeant 
George  Kampcr 

Veterinary  Sergeant 
John  F.  Gillispie 

Sergeants 
John  H.  Lewman 
Lowell   Newlin 
Ethalbert  Jones 
Norman  N.  Pearson 
Joseph  J.  Smith 
Orlando  Spellman 
Herbert  E.  Smith 
.\rthur  Z.  Easton 

Corporals 
Frederick  VV.  Bevcr 
Ross  Phillips 
David  VV.  Burns 
Ferdinand  D.  Mayer 
Alden  B.  Yoho 
Ethbcrt  A.  Brown 
Oscar  W.  Craft 
John  Rcamy 
Gustav  J.  Kohlcr 
Rolla  Mount 
Albert  W.  Stokes 
Phillip  B.  McRcynolds 
LovcU  Gillispie 
Frederick  G.  Brown 
R.  H.  Sutherland 

Farrier 
John  T.  Clancy 
Elmer  J.   Uiiibenhower 

Artificer 
Arnold  Schreiner 

Saddler 
Jesse  H.  Ray 

Musician 
Clvdc  C  Brittingham 
Charles  Haworth 

Wagoner 
Thomas  J.  Daugherty 

Privates 
Anson,  Lewis  M. 
Ashworth,  Edward 
Bushong,  Frank  O. 
Browning,  Cecil  E. 
Balsley,  Alwcrt 


Blood,  Charles  E. 
Bridges,  Guy  W. 
Berg,  Bernard  A.  \V. 
Blakcnev,  Ollie  H. 
Barnett,"  Clarence  J. 
Bales,  John  E. 
Beson,  Clyde  W. 
Burdick,  Burton  S. 
Buckbee,  Edward  J. 
Bivens,  Joseph  E. 
Burrow,  Charles  A. 
Boothe,   lames  A. 
Carson,  Robert  H. 
Cole,  John  D. 
Cloe,  Elmer  F. 
Calkins,  Charles  F. 
Crayton,  Charles  M. 
Christerson,  Peter  N. 
Caldwell,  Joseph  R. 
Cronkhitc,  William  F. 
Crooks,  Arthur  C. 
Dicken,  Jerome  B. 
Dcttman,  Fred  T. 
Dougherty,  Myers  McC. 
Donnelly,  Harry 
Demaree,  Samuel  W. 
Davidson,  John  C. 
Daniel,  George  P. 
Davis,  Nathan   A. 
Finck,  William  E. 
Fairchild,  Roscoe  F. 
P'reeman,  John    L. 
Freeman,  Luther  A. 
Frcmgem,  Charles  W. 
Ford,  Thomas  J. 
Flynn,  Ranson  C. 
Fellers,  Cyrus  S. 
Graham,  William  T. 
Gibson,  Frank  L. 
Griffin,  James  L. 
Grimes,  Guy  C. 
Garwood,  George  B. 
Gilman,  William 
Hinman,  Edward  E. 
Hyland,  William  E. 
Hollowav,  John  F. 
Harkins,'Michael 
Hartson,   Frank   T. 
Harrington,  HarVey  E. 
Hill,  Henry  C.         " 
Hackman,  William  H. 
Hopkins,  Thomas  B. 
Harness,  Herbert  D.  L. 
Hooker,  Leslie  A. 
Hooton,  Walter  M. 
Hughes,  William  R. 
Hall,   Tames  E. 
Hill,  William  T. 
lahnke,    Fred   M. 
Johnson,   Harry  T. 
Jackson,  Vincent   R. 
Krotter,  Joseph 
Kettrick,  Thomas   1. 
Klage,  Albert 
Klausc,  William 
Lane,  Robert  N. 
Luther,  Nathaniel  B. 

106 


Logan,  Charles  M. 
Lahr,  Jacob  B. 
Leverenz,  Charles  E. 
Lcnevc,  Ray  S. 
Laing,  Robert  JL 
Lindstrom,  Charles  A. 
Lewis,  Charles  J. 
Martin,  Herbert  L. 
Minger,  Gilbert  G. 
Myers,  Melvin  J. 
Mayer,  Thomas   L. 
Moulton,  Christopher  C. 
Martin,  Bartlctt  F. 
McReynolds,  Thomas  F. 
McCallister,  Charles  E. 
Nelson,  John  L. 
Nydegger,  Adolph 
Ncel,  Joseph  A. 
Neves,  Grant 
Orr,  Bert 

Osgood,  Charles  E. 
Odle,  Nathan  W. 
Parisoe,  Lewis,  Jr. 
Pickett,  Albert  V. 
Peterson,  Raymond  A. 
Peters,   Ralph   W. 
Parks,  William   H.   L. 
Peterson,  .\ltred 
Peterson,  Ralph  B. 
Pugh,  William   E. 
Quade,  Frederick  F. 
Ross,  Frank  F. 
Rodgers,  Albert  F. 
Ragan,  Walter  B. 
Rieker,  William   F. 
Redden,  Curtis  G. 
Rees,  Frank 
Runyan,  William 
Shortall,  Franklin 
Straw,  Lafayette  C. 
Seibert,  Frank  G. 
Stevens,  Albert  1. 
Shea,  Willard  \\'. 
Schroeder,  Henry  J. 
Simpson,  Oscar 
Simpson,  .\rchic 
ShoafT,   lames 
Smith,  Raymond  D. 
Spandau,  Robert  D. 
Street,   Lemuel  W. 
Scarborough,  W.  E. 
Shaw,  George  E. 
Stephens,  Edward  H. 
Samuels,  John  C. 
Thompson,  Bert  S. 
Taylor,  William  H. 
L'nger,  Frank  P. 
Vance,  Charles  M. 
Wcllman,  F.  H. 
Watkins,  William  F. 
Walker,  Charles  C. 
Wilson,  Robert  E. 
Winfrey,  William  C. 
Wollenc,  Charles 
Wakeland,  Harry  O. 
Wcllman,  Clarence  E. 
Yeazel,  Milton  J. 


PRESIDENT    WILSON 


NEWTON  DIEHL  BAKER 
Secretary  of  War 


JOSEPHUS  DANIELS 
Secretary  of  Navy 


)  &  Underwood 


FRANK  O.  LOWDEN 
Governor  of  Illinois 


ADMIRAL  SIMS.  U.  S.  N. 


GENERAL  FOCH 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the   Allies 


SIR   DOUGLAS   HAIG,  G.  C.  B. 
Field  Marshal  of  Great  Britain 


GENERAL  FOCH  AND  GENERAL  PETAIN 


COLONEL  H.  J.  REILLY, 
149th  Field  Artillery. 


^^ 

^m.^m 

w* 

mm 

^H 

p^ 

Ir^ 

I'll  w 

irt-fr^^B            V'l 

>• 

__,^  ■■  1 

i't  - 

THOMAS  HENRY  BARRY 
Major-General  U.  S.  Army. 


GENERAL  WOOD 
Major-General  U.  S.  Army 


AMERICAN   MEMORIAL   DAY  IN  RECONQUERED  ALSACE 

American    troops   headed    by   their   band    marching  through  the  town  of  Masevaux. 


THE  Y.  M.  C.  A.  IN  CAMP 

clothing  to  be  sent   lioiiic.     On  the  right  soldi 
and  purchasing  postcards 


mailing  their  letters 


AMERICAN  TROOPS  IN  FRANCE 

The    Relief   l_)etachnient   and   Infantry   awaiting   for  assignment   to   duty   bcl 


THE   ARKANSAS 

Leaving   New   York   harbor.        Brooklyn  bridge  in  the  distance. 


NATIONAL  ARMY  MEN  MARCHING  THROUGH  LONDON 

National  Army  troops  who  inarched  through   London  recently.     The   colors   of   the   reg 
men  passed  a   detachment  of  the   Horse   Guards  at   Whitehall.     The   new   .\mcr 
King  George  and   General   Biddle,  U.   S.  A.,  at   Buckingham   Palace.     They  also 
where  both  Admiral  Sims  and  Ambassador  Page  reviewed   them. 


giment  are  shown  as  the 
oopers  were  received  by 
I  the  American   Embassy, 


SALVATION    ARMY    LASSIES    BAKE  PIE  FOR  OUR  SOLDIERS  ABROAD 

girls  are  baking  pies  and   doughnuts   for   .American   doughboys  so 


Somewhere  in   France  these  Salvation  A 

that  home  won't  seem  so  far  away  after  all.     "Doughnuts  for  the  doughboys"  is  a  popular  saying 

in   the   trenches.      Notice    the   helmets   and   gas   masks  worn  by  these  brave  American  women. 


th  our  boys 


INDEPENDENCE   DAY    CELEBRATION    IN    PARIS 


SHOWS   HOW  SMOKE  SCREEN   PROTECTS  CONVOY 

This  is  the  first  photo  to  reach  the  United  States  showint,'  how  the  famous  smoke  screen  is  used  to  protect  ships 
from  U-boats.  It  shows  allied  merchant  ships  under  convoy  being  hidden  from  any  Teuton  submarines  that 
may  be  near  by  the  screens  of  dense  smoke  sent  up  by  the  guard  of  war  ships.  Smoke  screens  like  those  pic- 
tured here  were  used  to  good  effect  by  the  British  ships  that  participated  in  the  raid  on  Ostend  and  Zeebruggc. 
An  adverse  wind  prevented  the  full  success  of  the  employment  of  the  smoke  screen  at  Ostend. 


'LAFAYETTE,  WE  ARE   HERE." 

— Pershing  at  the  Tomb  of  Lafayette. 


CANADIAN  TROOPS  GOING  INTO  ACTION 


f-'^S^^- 


ON  THE  BRITISH  FRONT 

American  troops  on  their  way  to  the  trenches. 


«JUTIS)(   OF  FACIAL  PH0Tq6»A>H  IItJl.' 

American   troops   re?ling   belor 


FIRST    LILUThNANT  ' 

PRIVATE    LEWIS    ADAMS 

•MAN   CARftR  ABLRNIATH\ 

,'V"   ,    ^""In        nh!"!'''''No\'l-'.X'"r 

\1    ,nalh\     and 

1             <            1      1    red    suMce 

11            1,1         Mi\     B.     14th 

\:  ,    1,  „       (   n„      1       -    h    n      9th     Bn 

304  Sidcll  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
October    3,     1889,     in     Auburn,     Ken 
Husband   of   Maud   Whitmore  Adams 
tered    service    August    27.    1918,    wit 
58th    Pioneer    Infantry,    Company    E 

Danvilie,  Illinois,  R  R.  4.  Born  in  Dan- 
ville, Illinois,  August  22,  1892.  Son  of  L. 
P.  Adams  and  Minerva  A.  Rouse  Adair  s. 
Volunteered  April  5.  1917,  with  the  IS.   S. 


gade     Ml.     L 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  STEWART  ACREE 
314  Harmon  Street,  Danville,  Illinoi.s.  Born 
in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois.  February  1, 
188S.  Son  of  the  late  Jared  Acree  and 
Sarah  D.  Church.  Father  of  Mary  Cather- 
ine Acree.  Voluiiteered  January  4,  1918, 
,vith  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Department. 


BUGLER  KENNETH  BURCHIT  AKERS 
02.i  North  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illint)is. 
Born  August  5,  1897,  in  Blooinington,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Maud  Burchit  Akers.  Vol- 
unteered in  May,  1916i  with  the  1st  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery  Cor 


F-**^-'-^ 

'^-SM^'*-^- 

wSi^ 

^1 

n 

Battery  B. 


PRIVATE  NOEL  MONROE  AKERS 
925  North  Hazel  Street.  Born  February 
11,  1899,  in  Woodstock,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Claude  and  Maude  Burchit  Akers.  En- 
tered service  August  5,  1918,  with  the  U. 
S.  Mortar  Supply,  427th  Company,  540th 
Regiment. 


PRIVATE    ELONZL 

1    .\Li;X.\.M)KR 

l'l;l\" ATI     w  ' 

, i;i;l,.\  .\i.i 

■.ij;r 

032     t'hicago     Avenue, 
Born  October  12,   1880, 

Danville,     Illinois. 

1  Jr.      Li.L'.n,      Ml  i   i   1,      1 

l.nn  ,ll>  ,     Mill 

"Vi       'l°o''-" 

in   Kentucky.     Son 

ri,    1893. 

of    William    and    ihc    \: 

Hte    c:alherine    Witt 

1  III. in  Wise- 

Alexander.      Ilu.baiid  u 

f   Olive  Akers  Alex- 

[uiK.    1917, 

ander    and    father    of    Ci 

i.lhmer    ICugeiie   and 

with  lialtery  A.  1491 

h    L'.  S.    l-iei 

Marv    Louise    Alexan.ki 

:•  .,.''"i';':rf  ^;t"^ 

Rainbow  Division. 

PRIVATE  CHARLES  O.  ALBERT 
126  Logan  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Potomac,  Illinois,  March  20,  1873.  Son 
of  Charles  O  Albert  and  Lillian  Wiseman 
Albert.  Volunteered  March  1,  1918.  with 
the    r.    S.    Mail    Service. 


,.  IS'U.  in  Ambia,  Indian 
of  John  \V.  and  Margaret  Rossitcr  Alkii 
Huiband  of  Ruth  Fern  Whitecotton  Alkii 
Entered  service  August  6,  1918,  with  t 
V.  S.  Infantry  Replacement  Camp,  Co 
panv    F,   2d    Battalion. 


SERGEANT  H. 
-unninghaiT  Avenu 
August  5,  1882,  i 
1.      Son   of   Hira:n 


U.    S.    FielJ   Artillcr 


Husband  of  Annie  Sutherland 
Entered  service  May  28,  1918, 
V.  S.  Quartermasters  Corps. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  HAROLD  ALLISON 
R.  F.  D.  No.  6.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  24,  18<)4,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  F.  and  the  late  Letta  John- 
son Allison.  Entered  service  May  28,  1918, 
with  the   10th   U.  S.   Infantry,  Company  C. 


nois.  Born  January  4.  1888,  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Perry  and  Jane  Cade 
Allison.  Husband  of  Coralie  D.  Borror 
Allison  and  father  of  Mary  Alice  Allison. 
Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  the 
106th   U.   S.   Trench   Mortar   Battery. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  ALPERS 
O.UI  North  Collett  Street,  Danville,  Illinois 
Born  September  12,  1893,  in  Momence 
Illinois.  Son  of  William  and  Lena  Flore 
Alpers.  Volunteered  in  February,  1918 
with    the    Aviation    Department.    2o8th    C 


„,.     Street,     Danville, 

of     Andrew     anti     Marie     Emanulson 

Anderson.      Entered  service  in  June.   1918. 

with   the    r.    S.    Army. 


610  Robinson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  October  1,  1893,  in  Oklahoma.  Son 
of  Anders  and  Maria  Johanson.  Entered 
service  May  24,  1918,  with  the  363d  U.  S. 
Infantry,   Company   I.  3d    Battalion. 


1    r.i-ape   Creek,    Illi 
_    A.   and   Hannah    An 
Entered    service    April    28,     1918 
345th    U.    S.    Field    Artillery,    Bat 


PRIVATE  AUGUST  VV.  ANDERSON 
421  South  Bowman  Avenue,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  December  19,  1896,  in  Dan- 
ville, Illinois.  Son  of  Elizabeth  Walters 
Anderson.  Entered  service  June  28,  1918, 
with    the    106th    U.    S.    Ammunition    Train, 


STABLE  SERGEAiNT 
WILLIAM    A.    ANDERSON 
Danville,  Illinois. 

is.    May    26,    1892. 
..     Volunteered  Ja 


704  Jewell  Stre 
in  Danville,  III 
of  Frank  Andei 


PRIVATE    JOHN    E. 


oSth    U.    S.    Ensin 


IVATE  O.  H.  ATKINSON 
Villa  Grove.  Illinois.  Born  July  13.  1 
in  Effingham.  Illinois.  Son  of  Harr; 
and  Bertha  May  Atkinson.  Volunte 
March  17.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Coast 
tillery    Corps,    ist   Company. 


SKRCKA.NT  WIl.LIAiy  D.  ANDREWS 
503  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  in  1896.  Son  of 
W.  H.  Andrews.  Entered  service  Novem- 
ber 28,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Ordnance  De- 


PRIVATE  STEPHEN  ARNOLD 
522  Green  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Be 
September  2,  1892.  in  Danville.  Illinc 
Son  of  Joseph  and  Magdeline  Lawrer 
Arnold.  Entered  .service  June  3,  19 
with   the  2l5t   U.  S.   Infantry,  Company 


in    Idlewood,    I „..,    .,„.,„.„,,     .^,    ,„,. 

Son   of  W.  T.  Atterbury.      Entered  servic 
with    Company    E,    315th    U.    S.    Engineer: 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 

C.   BERNARD  AUSTIN 

1111   Gilbert  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 

in  Vermjlion  Grove.  Illinois.  January.  1890. 


Ii;.S  RUSSELL  AUSTIN 
t.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
imois,  in  December,  1894. 
-tin  and  Charlotte  Austin, 
n    May.    1917.    with    Com- 


U     S.    Depot    Brigade 


MVRON    T.    BACH 

CHIEF  ELECTRICIAN,  U.  S.  N. 

16   South   CollctI   Street,    Danville,   Illinois. 

Born    October    11,    1890,    in    Danville,    Illi- 

nois.      Son    of    Oscar    and    Elma    Gertrude 

Enlisted    in    December,    1906, 


PRIVATE   HARRY    S.    AVEY 
108  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in     Potomac.    Illinois,    in     1894.        Son     of 
George  D.   Avey  and  Mrs.   Effie  Lawrence. 

tecred  November  17,  1917,  with  Coir- 


pany  42,    U. 


Signal   Corps. 


ALFRED    HENRY    BAHLS 
FIREMAN.    U.    S.    N. 
R.    F.    D.    No.    5.    Danville.    Illinois       Born 
August     11,     1896,     in     Danville,     Illinois. 
Son    of  John   and    Lena    Lahr    Bahls.      En- 
listed June   1,    1918,   with   the   U.   S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  CARL  BAHLS 
904  North  Bowman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  July  2,  1899. 
Son  of  Joe  B.ihls  and  Lena  Radloff  Bahls. 
Volunteered  January  2,  1918,  with  the  rth 
Regiment,  2d  Company,  U.  S.  Naval  Train- 


CAPTAIN  HENRI  S.  BABCOCK 


17     Robit 


Danville 


Husband  of  Mabel  Hock  Babcock  and 
father  of  Joe  H.  Babcock.  Volunteered 
with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Rain- 
bow Division,  67th  Brigade,  42d  Division; 
transferred  to  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


SERGEANT  JOE  H.  BABCOCK 
117  Robinson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  June  10.  1897.  Son  of  Dr.  Henri 
S.  Babcock  and  Mabel  Hock  Babcock.  Vol- 
unteered in  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
Battery  A.  Rainbow  Division.  67th  Brigade, 


MELTON    AYRES,   SEAMAN,    U.S.N. 
Danville.  Illinois.     Born  in  February,  1901, 


iicago 
1917 


th  the   U.   S.   Na 


BERKAKD   E.   BAILEY. 
MECHANIC,    U.    S.    X. 

523  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
noi!,.  Born  December  4.  1895,  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  A.  VV.  and  Anna  Myers 
Bailey.  Enlisted  June  .1,  I'lIS.  with  the 
l\   S.   Navy,  as   Mechanic. 


SERGEANT 
DONALD   JAMES    BAILEY 
Danville,    Illinois.       Born    June    13,     1892, 
in    Danville,    Illinois.      Son    of    Frank    and 
Mary  Jane  James   Bailey.      Entered  service 
Ju.ie  26.  1918,  with  Battery  F,  U.  S.   Field 


SERGEANT 
JAMES  FRANKLIN  BAILEY 
822  North  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  February  18,  1897,  in  Park  County, 
Indiana.  Son  of  James  F.  and  Sarah  Hoi- 
dan  Bailey.  Volunteered  in  July,  1917, 
with  Company  K,  46th  L'.   S.   Infantry. 


ARTHUR  ERNEST  BALDWIN, 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N  R.  F. 
1028  Walnut  Sfieet,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  9,  1897.  in  Fairii;ount,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Oscar  G.  and  Endamile  Makemson 
Baldwin.  Enlisted  July  10.  1918,  with  the 
U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  SAMUEL  CHESTER  BAILEY 

Danville,  Illinois.  Born  August  28,  1893, 
in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  and 
Mary  Jane  James  Bailey.  Entered  service 
June  25,  1918,  with  the  V.  S.  Mortar  Sup- 
ply Corps,  Company  C 


CARL    H.    BAHLS,    SEAMAN.    U. 


708  East  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  November  28,  1887,  in  Dan- 
ville. Illinois  Son  of  Carl  and  Veronika 
Theurcr  Bahls,  Enlisted  March  26,  1918, 
with   the   U.    S.   Navv. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  E.  BAKER 
1627    Meitzler    Avenue,    Danville.    Illinois. 
Born  in  Potomac,  Illinois,  August  20,  1892, 
Son  of  Henry  Baker.     Volunteered  Decem- 
ber 13,  1917,  with  the  U,  S.  Coast  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  E.  BAKER 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois. 
February  4,  1897,  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
of  George  and  Rosie  Overman  Baker, 
band  of  Jessie  Marie  Turner  Baker, 
tered  service  September  6,  1918.  wit 
10th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade.  10th  Batt 
38th    Company. 


Son  of  Charles 
d  service  in  July. 
49th    U.    S.    Field 


PRIVATE  ROSS  BAKER 
R.  R.  1.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Gr< 
town,  Howard  County.  Indiana.  Hu.sl, 
of  Mary  Ford  Baker  lintercd  .er' 
Scpte.iiber  7.  1917.  with  the  T.  S.  Ar 
as   Cook    and    Baker. 


MARY  KORD  BAKER 
R.  R.  1,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  1900, 
in  Danville,  Illinois.  Daughter  of  Francis 
Marion  Ford  and  Manila  Belle  Hays  Ford. 
Wife  of  Ross  Baker.  Entered  service  in 
August,   1918,   as   Red   Cross   Xurse. 


SAM  BARKER,  SEAMAN,  C.  S.  .\. 
S  East  Harrison  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  June  .28.  1901,  in  Yorkshire,  England. 
Son  of  Amelia  Oldham  Barker  and  the 
lale  Thomas  Barker.  Enlisted  in  the  U.  S. 
Naval  Oi>erating    Base,   Company   .^63. 


Born  November  14,  KS9y,  in  Yorkshire, 
England.  Son  of  Amelia  Oldham  and  the 
late  Thomas  Barker.  Volunteered  in  1913, 
with  the  French-Canadian  Army,  1st  Batta- 
lion.    Killed  in  action. 


nd  Ja 
1    Ma: 


Son  of  John 
irwin  Barker.  Volun- 
917,    with    the    U.    S.  ■ 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  C.  BALES 
R.  R.  3.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Decem- 
ber 13.  1887.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Joseph  and  Lulu  Smutz  Bales.  Husband 
of  Gertrude  Hart  Bales  and  f.ither  of  J. 
Robert  Bales.  Entered  service  August  27, 
1918,  with  the  5th  U.  S.  Supply  Company, 
Truck  Company. 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE   E    BARKER 

PRIVATE   E.    LaVERXE    BARKLEY 

319     Harmon     Avenue.     Danville,     Illinois. 
Born   .\pril   28,    1898,   in    Danville.   Illinois. 
Son    of    Tom    and    Ada    Murfey     Barker. 
Husband    of    Thelma    Cook    Barker.      Vol 
unteered.  September   14,   1917,   with   the  V. 
S.    Quartermasters   Corps. 

419    Anderson     Street,     Danville,     Illinois. 
Born    November    5.    1892.    in    Coffeen,    Illi- 
nois.      Son    of    Thoma-s    and    Nellie    May 
McGriffin   Barklcy.     Volunteered  November 
28.    1917,    with    the    U.    S.    Aviation    Corps. 

4i 


March  10.  1897.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  En- 
listed June  3.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  X. 
Medical    Corps. 


PRIVATE  LEO  C.  BARRY 
433  Outten  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  18.  189J.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  F.  and  Rosa  Barry.  Volun- 
teered June  15.  1918.  with  the  Arsenal 
Technical  Training  Department.  Company 
B.    V.    S.    Army 


PRIVATE    FLOYD    M.    BARTLETT 
17    East    Green    Street.    Danville.    Illinois. 
orn  May  8,  1889,  in  Ogden.Illinois.    Son 


'>     '■>?, 


PRIVATE   CORNELIUS   W.    BARTLOW 


inu3 


cago    Av 


Dan 


mil 


Born  August  25,  1893,  in  West  Poii 
diana.  Son  of  Benjamin  and  Jennie  Kes- 
ner  Bartlow.  Husband  of  Gertrude  Le- 
Blance  and  father  of  Virgil  C.  Bartlow. 
Entere.l  service  June  28,  1918,  with  Com- 
pany   F.    106th    U.   S.   Supply  Train. 


PRIVATE  J.  E.  BARTON 
306  Recker  Couit,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  17,  1895,  in  Princeton,  Indiana. 
Son  of  James  E.  and  Rosa  Barton.  Hus- 
band of  Dolly  Antone  Barton  and  father  of 
Lavona  Barton.  Volunteered  June  24,  1918, 
with  the  Supply  Section   1,   B.  E.  M.  T.  D. 


PRIVATE  ROY  McKINLEY  BAUER 
310  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois  Born 
November  6.  J  897.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  F.  W.  and  Ida  Nevin  Bauer.  Vol- 
unteered December  7,  1917.  with  the  U.  S. 
Army. 


SERGEANT  GEORGE  H.  BAUM 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  March  2,  1882, 
in  Ridge  Farm,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  C. 
and  Margaret  Salt  Baum.  Volunteered 
March  1.  1917,  with  the  129th  V.  S.  In- 
fantry,   Headquarters   Company. 


CORPORAL  WALTER  F.  BAUMGART 
512  Commercial  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  January  24.  1897.  in  Danville.  Illi. 
nois.  Son  of  Christofer  and  Lena  Demeen 
Baumgart.  Entered  service  September  6, 
1918,  with  the  16th  Recruiting  Company, 
2d   Battalion,  U.  S.   Engineers. 


PRIVATE    RAY    REX    BAXTER 
305    Commercial    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born   in    1896       Son   of   Mrs.    Baxter.      En- 
tered  service  in  June,    1918,   with   the    14th 
U.    S.    Infantry,    Machine    Gun    Company. 


ALBERT  H.  BECKER.  SEAMAN.  C.  S. 
The  Elks.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  July 
1889.  in  Missouri.  Son  of  Dr.  H.  F.  a; 
Laura  A.   Becker      Enlisted  Julv   l.i.   191 


LIEUTENANT  OSWALD  F.  BECKER 
17  Walnut  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
uly  4.  1889,  in  Missouri.  Son  of  Dr.  H. 
'.  and  Laura  A.  Becker.  Volunteered  in 
911.  with  Company  I.  Illinois  National 
.uards.  Now  with  the  122d  U.  S.  Machine 
•.un    Battalion.    Company    A. 


Born  March  2.  1893,  in  Adams.  Massachu- 
.setts  Son  of  Peter  Becker.  Volunteered 
December  12,  1917,  with  the  Aerial  Sec- 
tion,  38th    Squadron,    U.    S.    Signal   Corps. 


SECOND  LIELTENANT 
WALKER  EDMONDS   BELL 
18  Gilbert  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Creek,  Illinois,  September  18, 


teercJ    May    26. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  CLARK  BELL 
125  North  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinoi 
Born  July  12,  1895,  in  Ridge  Farm.  H 
nois.  Son  of  Walter  and  Lulu  Clark  Be 
Entered  service  June  28.  1918.  with  tl 
6U3d  U.  S.   Engineers  Corps.   Headquarte 


PRIVATE  ELMER  J  lill.l. 
43,i  South  Street.  Danville.  llliiu.i~ 
in  Danville.  Illinois.  April  1.  issr.  .^ 
William  Bell  and  Lydia  Bratton  Bell, 
unteeered  with  Battery  A.  l-19ih  V.  S. 
Artillery.    Rainbow    Division. 


PRIVATE 
DAN  WILLIAMS  BECKWITH 
704  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
December  23,  18So.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Lynne  Williams  Beckwith  and  the 
late  Will  Beckwith.  Entered  service  June 
3.   1918,  with  the  Central  Officers  Training 


HORACE  V.  BENJAMEN, 
ASSISTANT  BANDM.\STER,  U.  S.  N. 
1106  Logan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  March  2,  1891.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Alonzo  B.  and  Angle  W.  Benjamen. 
Enlisted  June  7,  1918,  with  the  10th  Regi- 
ment  Band.  U.   S.   Navy. 


CORPORAL  DENNIS  BENNETT 
Danville.  III.  Born  in  Lancashire,  England, 
February  9,  1891  Son  of  James  Bennett 
and  Honora  Readon  Bennett.  Entered 
service  September  18,  1917,  with  the  U.S. 
Army  as   Assistant   Drill   Instructor. 


m 


PRIVATE  JOHN  L.  BEXSYL 
11^  Bensyl  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  17,  1890,  m  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Louis  and  Clarinda  Frances  Bensyl. 
Kntered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  ihe 
121st    U.    S.    Infantry,   Company    B. 


innie  Berndt.    Volunteered  June  7,   1917 
ith  Company  G,  41st  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  BERNDT 
706     Kimball     Avenue,     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  in  1897.     Son  of 
Minnie  Berndt.     Volunteered  May  24.  1918, 
with    Company    2i,    U.    S.    hicld    Artillery. 


^- 


^      /i 


.^ 


BEN   FORD  BEYER 
Chandler     Street,     Danville, 


•ith    the    U.    S.    Av 


"Son    of    Frankln    and    Pear! 
iteered    December    10,    1918, 


PRIVATE 
HERBERT  FRANKLIN  BEYER 
.?09  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illin 
Born  May  3.  1.S94,  in  Milwaukee,  V 
Son  of  Franklin  and  Pearl  Beyer.  Vol 
leered  June  20,  lylS,  as  Telephone  Ei 
neer   of   the    L'.    S.    Signal    Corps. 


DONALD  E.  BEYER, 
AVIATOR,  U.  S.  A. 
603  West  Seminary  Avenue,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois Born  in  March.  19U0.  in  Danville. 
Illinois.  Son  of  Eleanor  and  the  late  David 
Beyer.  Entered  service  in  October,  1917, 
vith  the  208th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


ROBERT   J.    BIGGERS, 
MACHINIST.  U.  S.  A 

e.  Danville.  Ulii 


19.  18 


Husband  of  Bertha  riille 
father  of  Robert  Biijgers. 
RcBular  Ariry  from  1911  t< 
service  with  Company  D. 
transferred  to  Company  E, 


Indiana. 

y  Biggers  and 
Served  in  the 
1917.     Entered 

132d    Infantry; 

116th  U.  S.  En- 


EDWARD  R.  BINGHAM 

East    Seminary    Street.    Danv 

Born    in    Galesburg.    Illinoii 

1893.      Son   of  John    Bingham 

Bingham.       Volunteered     in 

,  with  the  V.  S.   Navy. 


320  North  Hazel  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  December  22,  1891,  in  Mount  Car- 
mel,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  M.  and  Mary 
Longnecker  Birkett.  Volunteered  Decem- 
ber 11.  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVAT1-: 
LAWRENCE  MESERVE  BIRCH 
102  Logan  Av>.nuf,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  3.  1887.  in  Robinson,  Crawford 
County.  Illinois.  Son  of  Edward  L.  and 
Maud  Meserve  Birch.  Entered  service  Aub- 
30.  1918,  with  the  IJ.  S.  Central  Officers 
Training    bchool,    20th    Company. 


FRANK   EARL  BLACK. 
SEAMAN.   U.   S.   N. 

riniir  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
4,     liOo.    in    Oakland    City.    ln< 
,f    IKnry    K.    and    Louisa    Pennii 
.       Entered    service    in    March. 


tlu- 


s,„,     of 

W.   R     Blakely   an. I    M,ii>     MpI ilakely. 

Volunteered  March  _'f.,  I'M/,  wiih  Com- 
pany D.  121d  V.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion: 
transferred  to  Company  I,  123d  U.  S.  Ma- 
chine Gun   Battalion. 


PRIVATE  MILO  BLAKENEV 
f.2l.  Sputh  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois,  July,  1897.  Grandson 
of  Mrs.  C.  Racers.  Volunteered  in  Novem- 
ber. I'll/,  with  the  4th  Truck  Company, 
23d  U.  S.   Eniineers. 


9  North  CoUett  Avenue,  Danville,  UUn 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  January  4.  1( 
Son  of  Arthur  E.  Blankcnburg  and  Ch 
tina    Linne    BlankenburR.      Volunteered 


A 


WALTER  WINFORD  BLANKliMiUKG 
832  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois  May  in.  \W1. 
Son  of  Edward  Blankenburg  and  Ricka 
Walters  Blankenburg.     Volunteered  Dece 


'ith 


U.   S.   Av 


SERGEANT  EUGENE  J.  BLARY 
909  South  Main  Street.  Danville,  Illin< 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.  October  11.18 
Son  of  Louis  J.  Blary  and  Catberine 
Count  Blary.  Volunteered  July  2/.  1<. 
with   the  466th    Construction    Squadron. 


HERMAN    L.    BLARY. 
SEAMAN,    U.    S.    N. 
909    South    Main    Street.   Danville,   Illinois. 
Born  August  31,  1900,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son    of    Louis   J.    and    Catherine    LeCount 
Blary.      Enlisted    June    II,    1918, 
U.   S.  Naval  Rifle   Range. 


ith    the 


PRIVATE  IKNLSI  C  BLOOMIILLD 
South  Danwlle  Illirois  Born  in  Pilot 
Township  DanvilU  Illinois  May  8  1896. 
Son  of  henry  blou.nficld  ...J  J  a...  L„ck- 
hart  Bloonifield.  Volunteered  June  5.  1916. 
with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Bat- 
icrv  A.  Rainbow  Division. 


1'   "  A    '  :2L._llL„  " 

CORPORAL   WALTER   R.    BLOUNT 

2505    Henderson    Street.    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born  January   17,   1897,  in   Carmi.  Illinois. 
Son    of  Walter    and    Hattie    Elliott    Blount. 
Volunteered    October    20.     1914,     with     the 
53d   U.   S.   Artillery.   Battery   M. 

PRIVATE  CLYDE  F.  BOAZ 
611  Harrison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Bom  June  30,  1895,  in  Ridge  Farm,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Charles  M.  and  Lilly  F. 
Boaz.  Entered  service  June  1.  1918,  with 
the    8th    U.    S.    Field    .\rtillery.    Battery    D. 


PRINATE  LAWRENCE  BOGAN 
6  North  Main  Street,  South  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  29,  1896.  in  Montreal. 
Canada.  Son  of  Bernard  and  Catherine 
Gauhan  Bogan.  Volunteered  June  10,  1918. 
with   U.   S.   Service. 


lOHLAND, 
DRAFTSMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
310  South  College  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Johanna  Bohland.  Hus- 
band of  Tillie  Bohland  and  father  of  George 
J.  Bohland.  Enlisted  in  July.  1918.  with  the 
U.    S.    Navy. 


HAROLD   GEORGE 

SEAMAN.  U.  S.  iN. 
Corner  of  College  and  Bryan  Streets,  Dan- 
ville  Illinois.  Born  December  20,  1900, 
in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  L.  and 
Blanche    L.    Dickerson    Bohla 


PRIVATE  ERNEST  GORDON  BOLLA 
443  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  26,  1893,  in  Perrysville, 
Indiana.  Son  of  Alice  Dickinson  Bolla 
and  the  late  John  D.  Bolla.  Husband  of 
.Augusta  Hanks  Bolla.  Entered  service 
June  28,   1918,  with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infan- 


FLOYD    BOLTON.    SEAMAN.    U.    S.    N. 


PRIV.\TE    FRED    BORGWALD 

Born  Tune  14,  1891.  in  Danville.  Illinois! 
Son  of  Herman  and  the  late  Minnie  Riebe 
Borgwald.  Entered  service  June  3,  1918, 
with  the  21st   U.   S.   Infantry.  Company   E. 


PRIVATE  OTIS   A 

1118     Franklin     Strc 

Born    in    1900.      Foster   son    of    Mrs.    Alice 

E.     Ferris.      Volunteered    April     19,     1917, 

with  Battery  A.  149th  L.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


WILLIAM  HUBERT  HACKLEY. 

MUSICIAN,   U.    S.   A. 

118     Franklin     Street.     Danville.     Illii 

orn    April    7,    1896.      Son    of    Mrs.    t 


PUIV 
FRANCIS    EDW 

18    North    Franklin 


Artillery.   Rainbow  Div 


May  30, 
Ferris  and  Adelaide 
Volunteered  July  9, 
"     ""     "     Field 


JOO  Park  Street 
in  Danville,  Illinu.s,  March  8.  1899.  Son 
of  Geoi  gc  W.  Hoswell  and  Lucy  A.  Yelton 
Boswcll.      Volunteered   July    3.    1917.    with 


SERGEANT  FRANK  F.  BOTT 
610  Bryan  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
November  6,  1892,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Lawrence  and  Catherine  Dietz 
Kramer.  Entered  service  October  14.  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Corps. 
Transferred   to   U.    S.    Infantry. 


RIXATK    THOMAS    BOTT 
).    No     8.   Danville.    Illinois.      Born 
1.    1894,    in    Grape   Creek.    Illinois. 
Hcnrv    and    Esther    Roberts    Bott. 
service    May    2.    1918.    with    the 


Milford.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  M.  and  Maud  Dee  Bottorff 
Entered  service  June  23,  1CI18,  with  the 
12id  U.  S.  Ambulance  Company,  126lb 
Sanitary  Train. 


PRIVATE  SANDIE  BOYD 
Lyons,  Rural  Route  No.  8,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Septem- 
ber 26,  1895.  Son  of  John  W.  Boyd  and 
Eliza  Telford  Boyd.  Volunteered  April 
II,  1917,  with  Company  E,  26th  U.  S. 
Infantry. 


I'RANK  BOYER,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N 
.118  Sidell  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  7,  1895.  in  West  Newell.  Illinois 
Son  of  George  and  Sarah  Evans  Boyer, 
Enlisted  in  May.  1917,  with  the  13th  Regi 
ment.   Company   C,    U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  ROY  M.  BOTTORFF 
25  Oakwood  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  14.  1896.  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Charles  M.  and  Maud  Dee 
Bottorff.  Volunteered  April  1,  1918.  with 
the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps.  11th  Com- 
pany 


PRIVATE    ROBERT   BOYD 
Danville.    Illinois.      Born    in    Danville,   I 
nois.      November    13,    1899.      Son    of   Jo 
W.  and   Eliza   Telford   Boyd.      Volunteei 
Mav   13.   1918.   with  the  I'.   S.    Cavalry. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  C.  BOYER,  JR. 
12U  V'ance  Lane,  R.  F.  D.  No  1,  Danville, 
Illinois.  Born  October  3,  1894,  in  Pine 
Village,  Indiana.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza- 
beth Boyer.  Husband  of  Viola  Stewart 
Boyer  and  father  of  Francis  L.  Boyer.  En- 
tered service  April  2,  1918,  with  the  54th 
U.    S.    Coast    Artillery    Corps.    Battery    B. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  E.  BOWMAN 
417  Avenue  A,  Vermilion  Heights.  Illi- 
nois.  Born  November  9,  1887,  in  Wallace, 
Indiana-  Son  of  Jake  and  Catherine  Wil- 
kinson Bowman.  Husband  of  Anna  Boyd 
Bowman.  Entered  service  September  6, 
1918.    with     the    12th    U.     S.    Provisional 


PRIVATE  CORNELIUS  P.  BOWMAN 
1105  Polk  Avenue.  R.  F.  D.  Danville. 
Illinois.  Born  January  29.  1887.  in  No- 
komous.  Illinois.  Son  of  Samuel  and 
Christine  Swartz  Bowman.  Husband  of 
Icy  Bowman.  Entered  service  July  28. 
I9I8,    with    the    2d    Provisional    Regiment, 


'RI\-ATE 
GROVER  CLEVELAND  BOYER 
835  Normal  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  14.  1893.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Mary  Maggclin  Boyer. 
Volunteered  in  May.  1918.  with  Company 
G.  46th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


Born   No ^-,    - 

nois.     Son  of  John   Boyle  and  Anna  Plun 
kelt   Boyle.      Entered  service  June  3.   1918 


PRIVATE   ROY   D.    BRACEWELL 

PRIVATE    ESTOL   BRADBURX 

8  West  Second  Street,  South  Danville.  Illi- 
nois.     Born    February    6.    1895.    in    South 
Danville.    Illinois.      Son    of    Edwin    E.    and 
Jessie    L.    Anderson    Bracewell.        Entered 
service  April  29,  1918.  with  the  603d  U.  S. 
Engineers,   Company   B. 

Route  5,  Danville.  Illinois.     Born  April  16. 
1894,   in    Gessic,    Indiana.      Son   of   Charles 
S.  and  the  late   Rebecca   Eshute    Bradburn. 
Volunteered  March   13,  1916.  with  Company 
D,  123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun   Battalion. 

WILLIAM    C.    BRANDT, 
AVIATOR.  U.  S.  N. 
822  Martin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.    B 
March  29,   1893.  in   Danville,   Illinois, 
of  John  and  Johanna  Stoltz   Braiult.      ^ 
untcered    June    3,    1918,    with    the    U. 
Naval   Aviation   Base. 


ember    3,    1894,    in    Indianola,    Illino 

of    Sherman    and    Almedia    Dunov 

nham       Entered  service  June  28,    191 

1    the    106th    U.    S.    Ammunition    Trai 


PRIVATE  PAUL  R.  BRAWNER 
427  Short  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  4,  1899.  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  S.  A.  and  Ella  Brawncr.  Volun- 
teered June  12,  1917,  with  the  123a  U.  S. 
Machine  Gun  Battalion,  Company  D. 


May  21,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illii 
of  Francis  M.  and  Lottie  Dunavan  Breezely. 
Volunteered  June  4,  1918,  with  the  67th 
U.    S.    Coast    Artillery,    Battery    E. 


PRIVATE  AMOS  BREEZELY 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois, November  16,  1893.  Son  of  Frank 
M.  Breezely  and  Lottie  Dunavan  Bieezcly. 
Entered  service  April  3.  1918.  with  the 
U.  S.  Coast  .Artillery  Corp^. 


Born  April  19,  1886,  in  Oakwood,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Mary  J.  and  the  late  Richard 
Brewer.  Entered  service  May  10.  1918, 
with  Company  B,  I9th  U.  S.  Machine  Gun 


PRIVATE  JOHN    G.    BRIGGS 

West  4th    Street,    South   Danville,   IIH- 

Born  February  28,  1894,  in  Danville, 

.i£.      Son    of   Peter   A     and    Lula    May 

insnn    Briggs.      Volunteered    June    22, 

,vith    the    27th    V.    S.    Spruce    Squad- 


BEVERLEV    BRITTON, 
MARINE,   U.   S.   N. 
R.    F.    D.    2,    Danville.    Illinois.      Enlisted 
with   the  U.   S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  L.  BRODERICK 
207  Commercial  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  19.  1890,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Fairy  Specht  Broderick. 
Volunteered  May  20.  1918.  with  the  46th 
U.    S.   Infantry,    Company   I. 


LEONARD  PAUL  BRONSING, 
YEOMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
913  Martin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.    Born 
August  25,  1895.  in  Danville.  Illinois.    Son 
of    Frederick  ----- 

Enlisted    Ma 
Navy. 


PRIVATE  EARL  BROOKS 
■  lie,  Illinois.  Born  in  Westville,  Illi- 
August  2.  189.!.  Son  of  Clark  Brooks 
Nannie  Galbrcath  Brooks.  Volunteered 
U.  1917,  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 
1  Artillery.  67th  Brigade,  42d  Divi- 
Died   April    1,    1918,   of   pneumonia. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  F.  BROOKSHIER 
919  Gilbert  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  9,  1891,  in  Decatur,  Illinois.  Son 
of  B.  M.  and  Rosetta  Price  Brookshier. 
Entered  service  June  28.  1918.  with  the 
122d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  A. 


PRIVATE  ANDREW  BROWN,  JR. 

7  Chandler  Street,  Danville.  Illino 
irn  May  18.  1896.  in  Garner.  Illino 
n  of  Elizabeth  Brown  and  Andn 
Brown.    Entered  service  May  28.  1918.  w: 


the  U. 


PRIVATE 

FRANCIS   W. 

BROWN 

909 

Har 

mon 

Avenue. 

Danv 

ille. 

Illinois. 

Born 

Ma 

rch   8 

1897.  in 

Hed 

ick. 

Indiana. 

Son 

of 

Isaac 

M.    and 

Flor 

a    B 

Randel 

Entered   servic 

Oct 

abcr 

WlT 

'"he 

U.    S 

Army. 

PRIVATE  PAUL  E.  BROWN 
909  Harmon  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  January.  1895.  in  Hutchison.  Kan- 
sas. Son  of  Isaac  M.  and  Flora  Randel 
Brown.  Entered  service  in  June,  1918,  with 
Company  G.  124th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


12i 

noi?.  Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.  February 
9.  1895.  Son  of  Charles  F.  Brown  and 
Minnie  Anders  Brown.  Volunteered  in 
September,  1916.  with  the  Artillery;  trans- 
ferred to  Battery  E,  52d  U.  S.  Artillery, 
7th  Regiment. 


HUDSUX    lUMWN.    sn.VMAN.   U.   S.   N. 

SERGEANT    CLARENCE    M.    BROWN 

3U9    East     ILiin^un    .^trtcl.    Danville.    Illi- 
nois.      B.ini     luiK'     I'i.    1H"7.    in    Danville. 
Illinois.      So.{    of    Hudson    and    Catherine 
Gillis    Brown.       Entered    service    June    18, 
191S.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

309  East   Harrison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born   January    20.    188/.    in    Danville.    Illi- 
nois.    Son   of   Hudson   and   Catherin   Gillis 
Brown.      Volunteered    in    July,    1917,    with 
the     41st     U.    S.     Infantry,     Company     B. 
Served    in    Philippine    Islands. 

PRIVATE  CLYDE  B.  BROWN 
610  Plum  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  12,  1887,  in  Glenwood,  Iowa. 
Son  of  Elizabeth  Crayton  Brown  and  the 
late  William  Brown.  Husband  of  the  late 
Ethel  Deck  Brown  and  father  of  Virgil 
and  Lucille.  Volunteered  May  30.  1918, 
with  the  54lh  r.  .S.  Entiineers,  Company  A. 


SERGEANT    DARREL    BROWN 
Payne  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.     Born 


March  1.  1897.  in  bl 

of   Henry  and  Nan    Brown.      Entered  si 

ice  Ausust  31.   1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Ar 


Fail  Brown.  Volunteered  April  7.  1917. 
with  Batterv  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  .\rtil- 
Icry.    b7th    Brigade,   42d    Division,    Rainbow 


CORPORAL   GCV    llARRI.Si 
622     Chandler     Street.     Danv 

r.awrenreville.     Illin, _.         - 

vn  and  Catherine  Fail 


Born 

Son  of  John  W 

Brown.      Volunteered 


November,    1914, 


622     t 

handler 

Street. 

Danville, 

111 

nois 

Born  i 

n  Danv 

lie.  Illin 

3is,  November, 

895'. 

Son   0 

J.    W 

Brown 

and   Calhe 

Fail 

Brown 

Vol 

ntcercd 

in     1916, 

with 

the 

U.  S. 

y.     Now 

in   Battery 

A. 

49th 

c.  s 

Vield" 

:V,il!ery 

Rainbow 

Div 

PRIVATE   EARL   RADFORD   BROWN 


red    again    July    24. 


24th    U.    S.    Field 


PRIVATE  EUGENE  LESLEY  BROW: 
2305  Canon  Street.  Born  October  2,  189( 
in  Jacksonville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Williar 
D.  and  Helen  Taylor  Brown.  Entered  ser\ 
ice  June  28,  1918,  with  Company  B,  123 
U.   S.  Infantry,  31st  Dixie  Division. 


PRIVATE  ERNEST  RUSSELL  BROW.N 
2305  Canon  Street.  Born  July  31,  1889,'  in 
Jacksonville,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  D. 
and  Helen  Taylor  Brown.  Husband  of 
Mattie  McHenry  and  father  of  Harold. 
Mildred,  Helen  and  Kenneth  Brown.  En- 
tered service  May  19,  1918,  with  Company 
13,    66th    U.    S.    Engineers. 


iM^'^  "^ 


CORPORAL  ELMER  H.  BROWN 
614  Douglas  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  March  17,  1896. 
Son  of  Gus  C.  Brown  and  Minnie  Krohm 
Brown.  Volunteered  in  Auigust,  1916,  with 
Cavalry  Band:  transferred  to  the 


3d    U.    S.    Field   Artille 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  C.  BROWl 
205  South  Bowman  Avenue,  Danvill( 
nois.  Born  January  26,  1895,  in  Da 
Illinois.  Son  of  August  Brown.  i 
teered  May  22,  1918,  with  the  49th 
Engineers,    Company    B. 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  M. 
23  West  Harrison  Street,  D 
nois.  Born  May  17,  1897,  in  V 
Indiana.  Son  of  Alice  and  tl 
ningham  Brown  Entered  serv 
1918,  with  the  25th  Company,  7 
160th  U.   S.  Depot  Brigade. 


^^^ 


MIKE  BROWN.  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1551  Oakwood  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinoi 
Born  October  30,  1898,  in  Batestown,  II! 
nois.  Son  of  Louis  and  Mary  Gerolin 
Brown.  Enlisted  June  27,  1918,  with  tl 
U.  S.  Navy. 


MISS    IDA     11.     BROW.N 
121    South   Bowman  Avenue,   Danville,   Illi- 
nois.     Born    February    14,    1885,    in    Dan 
lille,  Illinois.     Daughter  of  Charles  F.  and 
"olunteered  May  27,  1918, 


PRIVATE  JESSE  K. 
(cr  Street,  Danville, 
ockville,   Indiana,  July 


Red 


USS     NU 


Hospital. 


PRIVATE  ALEXANDER  BROWN 
503  Anderson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  December  29.  1889.  in  Grape  Creek, 
Illinois.  Son  of  W.  H.  and  Olive  Brown. 
Entered  service  in  June,  1918.  with  the  121sl 
U.    S.   Infantry,   Company    F. 


PRIVATE  BUSEY  BROWN 
503  Anderson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  28.  1890.  in  Grape  Creek. 
Illinois.  Son  of  W.  H  and  Olive  Brown. 
Entered  service  in  July.  1918.  with  the 
U.    S.    Infantry. 


Illinois.  Son  of  W. 
Entered  service  in 
U.    S.    Infantry.    Coi 


in   Grape  Creek. 

i,d  Olive  Brown. 

1918.    with    lb.- 


PRIVATE  ORVILLE   BROWN 
Anderson     Street.     Danville.     Illil 
March  9.    19U1.   in  Grape  Creek. 
Son    of    W.    H.    and    Olive    Bn 
leered  in  J 
National    Guards, 


WILLIAM  O.  BROWN. 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
4  East  First  Street.  South  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  October  14,  1900,  in  South 
Danville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Christopher  and 
May  Carroll  Brown.  Volunteered  June  22. 
1918.   with   the  4th    Regiment,   Company    f. 


SERGEANT  LEMUEL  S.  BRL  BAKER 
1008  Chandler  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  June  7.  1894.  in  Joliet.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Lemuel  S.  and  Ada  E.  Bruhaker.  En- 
tered service  in  February.  1917.  wi;h  Com- 
pany   D.    123d    I'.    S.    Regiment 


CAPTAIN 
HOMER    HONEYWELL    BEALL 
Danville,  Illinois.     Born  in  Aledo.  IWuv 


R.  Patterson  Beall  and  father  of  Dorothy 
Beall.  Volunteered  June  19.  1916.  in  3rd 
Illinois  National  Guard.  Commissioned  Cap- 
tain September  25.  1918. 


PRIVATE  R,\Y  WILLIAM  BRYANT 
704  Kimball  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  24.  1896,  in  Morgan  County,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Lillie  Rudd  Bryant  and  the  late 
Jackson  Bryant  Entered  service  June  3, 
1918.   with    the   21st    U.    S.    Infantry.    Com- 


t  IIAUI.ES    K.    BCNTING. 
R.VDIO.  U.  S.  N. 
15    McVcv   Strict.    Snulh    Danville,    Illin- 
Son    of    Charles    .ind    Lulu    Bunting.      \ 
unteercd    in    May.    1918.    with    the    U. 
Radio    Department. 


CORPORAL  ISHMAEL  L.  BUCK 
15  North  Main  Street,  South  Danville, 
Illinoii  Born  May  19,  18ii8,  in  Vigo 
County.  Indiana.  Son  of  David  J.  and 
Manda  J.  Harvev  Buck.  Volunteered 
April  21,  1917,  with  the  149ih  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery,    Battery    A. 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  H.  BLXK 
15  North  Main  Street,  South  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  July  26.  1891.  in  Vigo  County, 
Indiana.  Son  of  David  J.  and  Manda  J. 
Harvev  Buck.  Volunteered  May  22.  1917, 
with  the   5th  U.   S.    Reg.   Engineers,   Com- 


JOHN  PHILLIP  BURCHIT, 
QUARTERMASTER,  U.  S.  X. 
1122  Franklin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  December  2.  1900.  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Adeline  Rigdon  Burchit  and 
the  late  Frank  P.  Burchit.  Volunteered 
June  18.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Quar- 
termasters Department. 


ALBERT    BURGESS 
902     Robinson     Street.     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born   February  31.   1882.  in   Hope.   Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Nancy  J.  Reed.     Enlisted 
in   April.    1918,   with   the   U.   S.    Red   Cross. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  BURMEISTER 
1308  Martin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  30,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Carl  and  Fredericka  Leisch  Burmeister. 
Entered  service  April  3,  1918,  with  the 
U.   S.   Heavy  Artillery,   68th   Company. 


PNIX'ATK  CARL  JOHN  BURMEISTER 
1308  Martin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
May  12,  1897.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Carl  and  Fredericka  Leisch  Burmeister. 
Entered  service  September  6,  1918.  with 
the  15th  U.  S.  Provisional  Recruit  Com- 
pany,   Engineer    Replacement    Troop. 


PRIVATE  HERMAN  F.  BURMEISTER 
1308  Martin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
Oclober  9,  1890.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Carl  and  Fredericka  Leisch  Burmeister. 
Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  with  the 
113lh    U.    S.    Field    Signal    Battalion. 


PRIVATE  MAX  A.  BURMEISTER 
1308  Martin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  18,  1895,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Carl  and  Fredericka  Leisch  Bur- 
meister. Volunteered  March  20,  1918, 
with    the    U.    S.    Motor    Transport    Service. 


August  18,  1895,  in  Chaska.  Minnesota. 
Son  of  Michael  and  Bertha  Hecklin  Burlin. 
Volunteered  June  10,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Aviation,    Machine    Shop,    Company    F. 


PRIVATE  FRED  WILLIAM  BURNETT 
20  Wisconsin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Greenup,  Illinois,  December  4, 
1890.  Son  of  J.  K.  Burnett.  Volunteered 
May    17,    1918,    with    the    T.    S.    Engineers 


FRED  BUROW 
lon.i  Pcrryville  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  January  27,  1894. 
Son  of  Joseph  Burow  and  Delia  Specht 
Burow,  Entered  service  February  4,  1917, 
with    the    f.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  F.  BUROW 
1005  Perrysvillc  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  25,  1889,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Joseph  and  Delia  Specht 
Burow.  Husband  of  Elsie  Dryer  Burow 
and  father  of  John  F.  Burow.  Entered 
service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  106th  U.  S. 
Supply   Train. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  S.  IIUROW 
1005  Perrysvillc  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  April  14,  1896. 
Son  of  Joseph  Burow  and  Delia  Specht 
Burow.  Entered  service  April  1,  1917, 
with  Battery  A.  I49th  U.  S.  Field  Artil- 
lery. Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE 

GUY    HERBERT    BURROUGHS 

R.    F.    D.    No.   8,    Box    59,    Heglcr,   Illinoi 

Born    March    11,    1892,    in    Catlin,    Illinoi 

Son    of    Marion     L     and    Florence    Payr 


Rev.  George  E.  and  Katie  J.  Brown 
Burton.  Volunteered  in  June,  1917,  with 
the   149th   U.   S.  Field  Artillery. 


U.    S.    Infant. 


13th    Div 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
GEORGE  WILBUR  BUSHONG 
7  South  Buchanan  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Georgetown  Township,  Illi- 
nois, September  20,  1881.  Son  of  Andrew 
M.  Bushons  and  Elizabeth  Ross  Bushong. 
Volunteered  in  1898,  with  the  Machine  Gun 
Battalion;  transferred  to  Company  D,  122d 
U.   S.    Machine  Gun   Battalion. 


PRIVATE    ORVILLE    W.     BUTLER 

PRIVATE 

CLARENCE  T.   BUTTS 

4    East    13lh    Street.    South    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.      Born    July    30.     1894.    in     Danville. 
Illinois.      Son    of    Morton    and    Bertha    L. 
Richards  Butler.     Entered  service  June  26. 
1918.    with    the    306th    U.    S     Ammunition 
Train.    Company   F.   as    Saddler. 

936     Chicago 
Born     in     Att 
1896.      Son    0 
Mills     Butts. 
1918.   with  the 
pany   L. 

Avenue.     Danville.     Ulino 
ca.     Indiana.     February     2 
Manford    Butts   and    Car 
Entered    service     April     : 
359th    U.    S.    Infantry.   Co 

PRIVATE  CHARLES  BYERS 
103  Delaware.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  12.  1896.  in  Hobby ville,  Indiana. 
Entered  service  in  June,  1918.  with  the 
46th  U.  S.  Commissary  Department.  Com- 
pany 6. 


Son   of    Moses 


uary    25. 


Byrain.  Husband 
Lola  Harper  Byram.  Volunteered  wi 
the  Headquarters  Company,  54th  U.  S.  1 
fantry. 


COLO'R  SERGEANT 

CHESTER  J:  CAIN 
MS'A  West  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.' 
Born  in  Moorefield.  Indiana.  July  27,  1888. 
Son  of  Louis  H.  Cain  and  Carrie  Cain. 
Volunteered  in  June.  1917.  with  the  149th 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Headquarters  Com- 
pany,   Color   Bearer. 


Byrd  and  Salina  Vi 


S91.  Son  of 
William  S.  Byrd  and  Salina  Vincent  Byrd. 
Volunteered    December.    1917.   with    the   U. 


BYRD 

ary  2.   18 
Son   of  Morton   £ 
Bertha    Makemson    Byrd.      Entered   serv 


in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  June  15.  1897. 
Son  of  Thomas  Callahan  and  Louise  Mil- 
ler Callahan.  V^olunteered  December  12. 
1917,  with  the  274th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  JESSE  CAMERON 
423  Wyman  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Blue  Mound,  Illinois,  August  26, 
1886.  Son  of  Jacob  Cameron  and  Mary 
Carmeny  Cameron.  Volunteered  in  August, 
1916,   with   the   U.    S.    Cavalry,   Troop   213. 


SERGtANT  IRA  CANADAY 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  October  14.  1! 
in  Urbana,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  P. 
Irene  Bass  Canaday.  Volunteered  in  1' 
with  Company  A,  11th  U.  S.  Machine  ( 
Battalion. 


^ 


^ 


1«JK 


^ 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  H.  CAMPBELL 
119  Warington  \venue,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  April  19,  1892,  in  Buffalo.  Kentucky. 
Son  of  Charles  H.  and  Elizabeth  Morris 
Campbell.  Entered  service  June  1.  I9I8. 
with  the  intelligence  Corps. 


^ 

\, 

y 

' 

^r 

y  V. 

x 

unteered  June  1.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Ar 


Born  in  Fithian,  Illinois,  December  28. 
1891.  Son  of  Harriett  Harris  Cass.  En- 
tered  service   with   the   U.   S.   Photographic 


PRIVATE  LLOYD  CARTWRIGHT 
Danville.  Illinois.  Born  m  Kingman.  Indi 
ana.  Decen^ber  15,  1897.  Son  of  Charles 
L.  Cartwright  and  Sarah  J.  Rayhole  Cart- 
wright.  Volunteered  April  15,  1917.  with 
the   U.    S.    Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  S.  I'ARTWRIC.HT 
609  West  Fairchild  Street.  Danville.  Illi 
nois.  Born  February  18.  1891.  in  Silver 
wood,  Indiana.  Son  of  William  M.  an( 
Harriet  Cartwright.  Entered  service  Jun( 
28.    1918,    with    the    121st    U.    S     Infantry 


PRIVATE  OSCAR  CAVNESS 
1640  Cleveland  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Brown  County,  Indiana,  February 
29.  1880.  Son  of  John  Cavness  and  Abbie 
Pogue  Cavness.  Volunteered  December 
26,   1917,   with   Company   A,   U.   S.   Guards. 


PRIVATE   FRANK   CAVNESS 

Danville.    Illinois.      Born   in    Stineville,   In- 

1889       Son    of   James 

Pogue    Cavness.      Vol- 

"■"       ith  Company  D, 


Decembe 
Cavness    and   Abbie 
unteered  March   I. 
122d   U.    S.    Machini 


Battalii 


PRIVATE  JOHN  CAVNESS 
1640  Cleveland  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Cnionville.  Indiana.  June  IS.  1874. 
Son  of  John  Cavness  and  Abbie  Pogue 
Cavness.  Volunteered  March  1.  1917.  with 
Company   A.   U.    S.    Guards. 


WILLIAM   EARL  CATEV 
SEAMAN.   U.   S.    N. 
924  Martin   Street.  Danville.   Illinoi 
in    Bis. 
of   J.    W.    Catey 


Gate 


.      Vol 
the  U. 


..    May    9.    1898       S 

d    Mary    E.    Roberts 

eered    Dece.Tiber     12,     191 


Born  April  23.  1894,  in  Hope.  Illin 
Son  of  John  and  Nancy  J.  Reed  Cesi 
Entered  service  January  8,  1918,  with 
12th  Cadet  Squadron,  U.  S.  Aviation. 


^"ered    M 

123d    U.    S.    Machine 


,ERGEA.\T 
LIFTON  CHA.MHERS 
ain  Street.  Danville,  Illi- 
Cissna  Park.  Illinois.  Sep. 
.  Son  of  C.  C.  Chambers 
Johann  Chambers.  Volun- 
6.  1917.  with  Coirpany  D. 
Gun    Battalion,    33d 


LOVELL  C.  CHAMBERS. 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
i  West  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
[  in  Pekin,  Illinois,  July  26,  1898. 
of  C.  C.  Chambers  and  Magdeline 
nn  Chambers.  Volunteered  September 
)18.   with   the   U.   S.   Navy   Radio   Flag 


SERGEANT  JOHN  CHANDLER 
103  Jones  Crossing,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  14,  1890,  in  Urbana,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Mary  Chandler.  Hus- 
band of  Flossye  Calhoun  Chandler.  Vol- 
unteered October  4,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Quartermasters   Corps. 


PRIVATE 
JOHN'    VAX    LIEW    CHAPMAN 
1226     Walnut     Street.      Danville,     lllino 
Born  July   13,    1896,   in   Lakeville,   Illino 
Son    of    Oscar    J,    and    Idness    Van    Li< 
Chapman.       Volunteered    with     the     U. 
Aviation     Headquarters    Department.    Ae 


PRIVATE  OSCAR  J.  CHAPMAN 
1226  Walnut  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Jamestown,  Indiana,  December  20, 
1869.  Son  of  John  I.  Chapman  and  Louisa 
Carmon  Chapman.  Volunteered  May  20, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Ariry. 


PRIVATE  GASTON  CHARLES 
122  Pennsylvania  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  16.  1895,  in  Hartford 
City,  Indiana.  Son  of  Leon  and  Anna 
Morlier  Charles.  Entered  service  June  21, 
1918,  with  the  I'.  S.  Engineers  Corps, 
84th   Division. 


SERGEANT 
ALEX.  F.  CHMIELEWSKI 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Hegler.  Illinois. 
in  April,  1896,  in  Zarnows.  Russia, 
of  Anton  and  Feleksa  Chmielewski. 
unteered  February  7,  1916.  with  the 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  L. 


PRIVATE  CARL  C.  CITIZEN 
701  North  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illi 
nois.  Born  March  30,  1895,  in  Danville 
Illinois.  Son  of  Samuel  E.  and  Ameli: 
Kienzle  Citizen.  Entered  service  in  Octo 
ber.  1917.  with  the  127th  U.  S.  Infantry 
Medical    Detachment.    32d    Division. 


PRIV.\TE  CHARLES  HYDE  CHfRCH 
931  Walnut  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Mt.  Carmel.  Illinois.  Son  of  Albert 
C.  Church  and  Frances  Una  Church.  Vol- 
unteered  with   the   U.   S.    Engineers.    R.    C. 


PRIVATE  ORL. 
931  Walnut  Stre 
August  14.  1895, 
of  .\lberl  C.  an 
Entered  service 
S.    Machine   Cur 


KND  ARRISON  CHCRCH 
;t.  Danville.  Illinois  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
J  Frances  Orland  Church. 
June   3.    1918.    with    the    U. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  MERLE  CHURCH 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  June  2.  1895.  in 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  A.  and 
Nora  B.  Hawkins  Church  Entered  .service 
June  2o,  1918,  with  the  1st  Battery.  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery. 


SERGEANT  ALFRED  E.  CLAPP 
504  West  Harrison  Street.  Danville,  Illi- 
nois.  Born  June  5,  1892,  in  Hendsboro, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  C.  and  Sarah  Kirk- 
Patrick  Clapp.  Volunteered  November  7, 
1917.    with    the    U.    S.    Machine    Gun    Com- 


PRIVATE  ROSS  B.  CLAPP 
R.  F.  D  No.  3.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  11.  1889.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Isaac  S.  and  Mary  F.  Knot  Clapp. 
Husband  of  Elizabeth  Ray  Clapp.  Ln- 
tered    service    October    1,     1918.    with    the 


l^mt 


kfr-"^ 


PRIVATE  JOHN   RAYMOND   CLARK 

612  West  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  October  31,  1894,  in  Danville, 
Illinois  Son  of  John  E.  and  the  late 
Mary  Etta  Clark.  Volunteered  February 
27,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 
70th  U.   S.   Coast  Artillery  Corp... 


PRIVATE  FRANK  E.  CLAWSON 
Commercial    Street.    Danville,    Illinoi 
iber  27,  1888.  in  Fayette  Count: 


Indiana.  Son  of  William  E.  and  Emit 
Dawson  Clawson.  Brother  of  Clyde  E. 
Clawson,  who  has  been  in  U.  S.  Regulars 
fourteen  years.  Entered  service  April  28, 
1918,  with  the  22d  U.  S.  Engineers.  1st 
Battalion. 


PRIVATE    MERLE    CLAUSON 
Minnesota    Avenue,    Danville,    Illinois. 
n   July   2U,    1895,   in   Centralia,   Illinois. 

of  A.  M.  Clauson  and  Versa  Carpenter 
Lisband  of  Emma  Young  Clau- 


Ent( 
Medical 


3.    1918, 

Ist    U. 


CORPORAL  MELVIN  LcROY  CLAUSON 
22  Minnesota  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Trenton,  Kentucky,  February  17, 
1890.  Son  of  A.  M.  Clauson  and  Versa 
Carpenter  Clauson.  Volunteered  in  No- 
vember, 1918,  with  the  23d  U.  S.  Infantry. 


Born  July  22.  1897,  in  Brocton,  Illinois. 
Son  of  R.  F.  and  Dora  B.  Clem.  Enlisted 
May  14,   1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy,  Engi- 


the   U.   S.  M 


PRIVATE 

BENJAMIN    EDWARD    CLEMONS 

815   Coliett   Street.   Danville.  Illinois.    Born 

of  Bell'  Pl'akc  demons  Lanib  and  the  late 
Alfred  .VcClellan  Clcmon.s.  Entered  serv- 
ice  .Mav  2i.  1018.  with  the  139th  T.  S. 
Machine    Gun    Battalion.   Coirpany    B. 


Son  of  Bell  Flake  Clemons  Lamb  and  the 
late  Alfred  MrClellan  Clemons.  Volun- 
teered September  16,  1917.  with  the  U.  S. 
.Aviation    Squadron. 


JOE  MILTON  CLIFTON 
527  North  Beard  Street.  Danville.  Illinois 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  November  S 
1898.  Son  of  John  Clifton  and  Eliz 
(Crimes  Clifton.  Enlisted  January  26,  191S 
vith  the  U.  S.  Navy.  8th  Resiment.  2, 
Company. 


PRIVATE 

ORVILLE  CLINGAN 

409    Van    Burc 
Born    in     Dan 
1895       Son  of 
in    May.    1917 

n    St 
■ille. 
Alice 
with 

Illir 
Cli 
the 

Danville.    Illi 
ois.    Februar> 
igan.     Volunte 

24th  r.  s. 

ered 

.March  12.  1888.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Hu" 
band  of  Mayme  Sanders  Coates  and  father 
of  Richard  E.  Coates.  Volunteered  in 
1900.  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry.  Company 
I.  Re-enlisted  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery  A. 


SERGEA 

457 

Jackfon  Str 
Danville,     1 

in 

Son 

of    W.    A 

Cole.       Volume 

Bat 

ery    A.     14' 

sT  JOHN  U.  COLE 
eet.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
llinois  October  24.  1877. 
C'ole  and  Fanny  Finley 
■red  .\ugust  3.  1896.  with 
ilh     C,     S.     Field     Artillery. 


SERGEANT  CLAUDE  W.  COAKE 
704  Walnut  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.    Born 
January  2,   1894.  in  Danville,  Illinois.    Son 
of    William    H     and    Louise    Puzey    Coakc. 
Husband  of  Irma   Feltncy  Coake.     Entered 


JOSEPH  W.  COFFEV,  COOK,  U.  S.  A. 
710  Sherman  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  February  25.  1872,  in  Champaign,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Patrick  Coffey  and  Mary 
O'Neil  Coffey.  Husband  of  Rosa  M.  Guy 
Coffey  and  father  of  Guy,  Beatrice,  Ver 
nice  and  Margaret  Coffey.  Volunteered  in 
June.  1916,  with  Battery  A.  149th  V.  S. 
Field   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  SAMUEL  B.  COLLI XGS 
810  Harmon  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Muncie.  Illinois,  April  12,  1894. 
Son  of  John  Q.  Collings  and  Emma  Wise 
Collings.  Volunteered  May  21.  1918,  with 
the  14th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  N.  COLLINS 
R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  4,  1888,  in  Robinson,  Indiana.  Son 
of  Alex,  and  Sarah  Ellen  Strawser  Collins. 
Volunteered  February  2,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Construction  Company  12,  Aero  Serv- 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  W.  COLLINS 
527  rfarmon  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  23,  1894.  in  Delphi.  Indiana.  Son 
of  P.  G.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  L.  Randell 
Smith.  Husband  of  Anna  O.  Smith  Collins. 
Entered  service  April  26.  1918,  with  the 
134th    U.    S.    Field    Artillery,    Battery    D. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  LeROY  COLLINS 
i27  Harmon  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  1.  1S84.  in  Dublin,  Ireland.  Son 
of  Ralph  Jester  and  Emma  E.  Wilson  Col- 
lins. Husband  of  Mary  E.  Collins  and 
father  of  Mary  Jester  Collins.  Entered 
service  July  28,  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Army, 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  E.  COLLINS 
527  Harmon  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  15,  1887,  in  Frankford,  Indiana. 
Son  of  P.  G.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  L.  Randell 
Smith.  Entered  service  June  15,  1918, 
with  the  U.   S.  Engineers  Corps. 


PRIVATE  VIRGIE  COLLINS 

527  Harmon  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  23,  1886,  in  Frankford,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Robert  I.  and  Elizabeth  Bowcock 
Collins  Husband  of  Clita  Weisen  Collins 
and  father  of  Earl  Collins.  Entered  serv- 
ice April  25,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


SERGEANT  CHARLES  S.  COMBS 
118  Cunningham  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  April  14.  1896.  in  Hindslow,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  and  Liddie  Martin  Combs. 
Volunteered  December  7.  1914.  with  the 
9th    U.    S.    Infantry,   Company    L. 


SERGEANT  DAN.  W.  COMPTON 
115  West  Bridge  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  September  15, 
1896.  Son  of  Maggie  Chapin  and  Timothy 
Coropton.  Volunteered  in  December.  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Signal  Corps. 


PRIVATE  HUGH  W.  CONLIN 
944  Walnut  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  20.  1890.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  M.  and  Theresa  Werner  Con- 
lin.  Entered  .service  May  30.  1918.  with 
the    U.    S.    Medical    Corps. 


LESLIE    T.    COMRIE 
J05    South    Main    Street,    Danville,   Illinois. 
Born    in     Danville.    Illinois,     December    9, 
1894.      Son   of  Andrew   Comrie   and    ^essie 
Bracewell    Comrie.        Volunteered    July    5, 


1917, 


ith   the  U.  S.  Na 


CORPORAL  ROY  COMRIE 
9  Park  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  7.  1887,  in  Tilton,  Illinois.  Son 
of  James  and  Elizabeth  Alexander  Comrie. 
Husband  of  Ada  Duncan  Comrie  and  father 
"~  Comrie.      Volunteered    Ji 


S.    Ma 


Gun 


PRIVATE  PAUL  LYMAN  CONTANT 
516  Lafayette  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Bom  in  Buycrus,  Ohio,  March  18,  1898. 
Son  of  Mary  Gates  Contant.  Volunteered 
in  December,  1917,  with  the  Quartermasters 
Department.    U.    S.    Motor  Truck   Company 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  T.  COOKINGHAM 
609  Plum  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  2,  1894,  in  Lake  Forest,  Illinois. 
Son  of  J.  F.  and  Ella  Gordinier  Cooking- 
ham.  Volunteered  in  June.  1918.  with  the 
21  St  V.  S.  Infantry,  Machine  Gun  Com- 
pany. 


PRIVATE  L.  P.  COOKINGHAM 
609  Plum  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  2i,  1896,  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  Son 
of  J.  F.  and  Ella  Gordinier  Cookingham. 
Volunteered  June  5,  1918.  with  the  310th 
U.   S.   Field   Signal   Battalion.   Company   B. 


PRIVATE  CARL   li;  1  h 

1  Kh   K   COOPER 

1017    Vermilion     - 
Born    in    Litchti.M      i 
1892.     Son  of  B,   W     .    ... 
December    10.    I'M,.    „„1, 

1             .    Illinois. 

PRIVATE    ROY    GEORGE    COON 
Danville.  Illinois.     Born  in  Hoopeslon.  I 


ce    April 
U.   S.    E 


PRIVATE  RALPH  COON 
Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Hoopeston,  Ilil- 
nois.  May  16,  1895.  Son  of  George  W. 
Coon  and  Mary  Daugherty  Coon.  Volun- 
teered December  14.  1917.  with  the  U.  S. 
Aero  Squadron.  Section  A.  872d  Aero 
Squadron;   tran.sfered  to   Squadron   C.   Sec- 


CORPOKAL  ALBERT  A.  COONS 
409  Avenue  C.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  25.  1881,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Fraiik  M.  and  Hanna  E.  Wharton 
Coons.  Volunteered  in  May.  1915.  with 
the    123d    U.    S.    Machine    Gun    Battalion, 


Born  February  9,  189(1.  in  Vanceburg,  Ken- 
tucky.     Husband   of   Estelle   Swisher.      En- 


PRIVATE  JACKSON  COOPER 

305    Coirmercial    Street,    Danville,    Illino 
Born  April    14.    1894.   in   Terre   Haute.   I 


intt  IT*"! 


■n  April    14.    1894 

la.     Son  of  Jacks 

Cooper.     Entered  set 

with  the  9th  F.  B.  5 


PRIVATE  WALTER  A.  CORCORAN 


PRIVATE  CHARLES 
517    South    Main    Street 
Illinois.     Born  February  19,  1892 
Illinois.     Son  of  Crawford  and  I 
Bolsey     Cornwell.       Volunteered 
1918,  with  the  63d  U.   S.   Engin 


.  CORNWELL 
South  Danville, 
*,  1892,  in  Paris, 


WALTER    REED    CORNWELL, 

SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
South  Maine  Street,  South  Danville, 
lois.  Born  May  31,  1895,  in  Paris, 
lois.  Son  of  Crawford  and  Harriett 
Boslev  Cornwell.  Enlisted  December 
1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
PAUL  COTTINGHAM 
309     Franklin     Street.     Danville.     Illino 
Born  in  Danville,  Ilinois,  August  28,   ISQ 
Son     of     Charles     Cottingham     anrd     Cla 
Cottingham.     Had  two  years  military 


ith  the  Coast   Artillery 


PRIVATE  FRANK  CORRELL 
433    South    Washington    Avenue.    Danv 
Illinois,     Born  September  6,   1883,  in  I 
ville,    Illinois.      Son    of  John    and   Caro 
High  t'orrcll      Husband  of  Josephii 


mber  24.  1897.  in  Da 
of  John    and    Carolii 

lunteered  in  Januar 
Regiment. 


PRIV.XTE 

WILLIAM 

CORRELL 

433 
Illin 

Sout 

°'iiii 

1    Col 

h    Washing 
Born    Mar 

ton    Av 
ch    24, 

n'^yreH 

T896. 
n    and 
with 

the   I 

PRIVATE    ORVEL    RK 
48    Bensyl.    Danville,    Illino 
7,    1890,    in    Oakwood,    Illinois. 
Steohen    A.    and   AUie   O.    Wonderl 


\RD    I  OX 
Doin    Jun 


Entered    service    June    28,    1918, 
122d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  H 


918,    with    the 


PRIVATE    RAY    C.    COX 

South    Maine    Street,    South    Danv 

inois.    Born  August  17,  1887,  in  Ravci 

th°the   Military    Police,    Compan"y  '  A. 


M:)v  Jl.  1SS4,  in  Vecdt-rstiurg.  Indian 
Son  of  Thomas  and  Estclla  Craft.  Vc 
untecred  in  September,  1917.  with  the  Cor 
pany  D,  123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalio 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 

DONALD  JULIUS  CRANSTON 

Danville,    Illinois.      Born    in    Zcnia,    Ohio. 

February   5.    1893.      Son    of   Leslie   Atwood 

Cranston    and    Lillian    Hope    Maury   Crans- 


tht 


Artille 


CBula 


July    21.    1! 

Illinois.  Son  of  Thon, 
Kress  Crandall.  Husbanc] 
Crandall  and  father  of  I 
Entered  service  June  2!- 
122d    U.    S.    Infantry,    31: 


SERGEANT  EUGENE  CRAMER 
307  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  November  18,  1890.  Son  of 
Charles  \V.  and  Atha  W.  Cramer  Vol- 
unteered November  1.  1916,  with  the  22d 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Ordnance  Department. 


L_!t 


SERGE. 


'ERK.T- 


■RAMER 

R.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Sep- 
nber  9,  1894,  in  Vermilion  County.  Illi- 
is.  Entered  .service  in  September,  1917, 
Ih  the  340th  U.  S.  Infantry,  87th  Divi- 
n.    Headquarters   Company. 

155 


October  2!-'. 
Son  of  Carol 
J 


3.     in     Oakwoi 

Scott  Cramer  and  the  late 

Volunteered  in   November, 

,lh  the  15th  Company,  U.  S.  Arn:y. 


CLAUDE    CRANE. 
COMPANY  COMMANDER.  U.  S.  N. 
408  Martin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.    Born 
June  25.  1898.  in  Indian  Springs,  Indiana. 
Son    of    James    and    Charity    Crane.       En- 
listed    December   26,    1917.   with    the   U.    S. 


PRIVATE  MERLE  J.  CRANE 
846    Oakwood    Avenue.    Danville,    Illi"oi|- 
Born  in  Lucerne.  Indiana,  August  24,  189/. 
Volunteered  in  April.   1917,   with  Company 
D      123d    U.     S.    Machine    Gun    Battalion, 


NORVAL  CRANE.  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
408  Martin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  6.  1896,  in  Indian  Springs,  Indi- 
ana Son  of  James  and  Charity  Crane. 
Enlisted  June  4.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Navy. 


PRIVATE  CECIL  R.  CRA\I  \.- 
443 '/i  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinui^ 
Born  June  9,  1900.  in  Grape  Creek.  Illi 
nois.  Son  of  Oscar  and  Grace  Uhey  Cra 
vens.  Volunteered  June  10,  1918,  will 
the  U.   S.  Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  BART  B.  CRAWFORD 
508  East  Commercial  Street,  Danville.  lUi- 
nnis  Born  January  24.  1890,  in  Brazil, 
Indiana  Son  of  George  and  Sarah  Hall 
Crawford.  Entered  service  May  20.  1918. 
with  the  22d  U  S.  Engineers.  Detention 
Division.   N.   A. 


PRIVATE  HARRISON  CRAWFORD 
Manchester.  Ohio.  Born  October  25  1888 
in  McKenzie.  Kentucky.  Son  of  J.  H.  and 
Laura  A.  Fry  Crawford.  Entered  service 
in  April,  1918,  with  the  12th  U.  S.  Infan- 
try.  Company   E. 


ith  the   U.  S.  Medical  Department. 


SFCOND  LIEUTENANT 
CHARLES  MAURICE  CRAVTON 
124  Beard  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Hillsboro,  Indiana.  November  9.  18/2. 
Son  of  George  M.  Lrayton  and  Elizabeth 
Murphy  Guilliam  Crayton.  Volunteered 
with   the  U.    S.   Artillery. 


SERGE.\NT   MARTIN    D.   CRIM 
1219    North    Gilbert    Street.    Danville,    Illi- 
nois     Born  February  22,  1895.  in  Mitchell, 
Indiana.       Son    of    Charles    A.    and    Dora 
Brown    Crim.      Volunteered   jn    November. 
1917,   with   the  A\Mation   Depai 
U.    S.    Telegraph- 
pany  E. 


lilroad    Battalion,    Com- 


SERGEANT  DAVID  H.  CROCKETT 
Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Lafayette.  In 
diana.  September  16,  1892.  Son  of  Thomas 
V.  Crockett  and  Helen  J.  McLain  Crockett 
Volunteered  September  16,  1910.  with  the 
U.   S.   Infantry. 


S  ERG  E A  NT  M  A  J  O  R 


of  Thomas   V.   Cr. 
Lain  Crockett.     V 
with    the    U.    S. 
Received    an    hont 


PRIVATE    IIDI.I.',     (  koMKR 
South   Vcrmilioi.   Slieet.   Danville.   Illi- 
nois.    Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  August  25, 
1891.     Son  of  J.  W.  Cro:ner  and  Elizabeth 


PRIVATE  ALBA 
218    Kentucky    Avenue,    Danville.  ..Illino 


Born    October    11, 
nois.      Volunteered   in    C 
the    130th    U.    S.    Infan 
Company.  33d  Division. 


Rossville.    Uli- 


E  CHARLES  CLARK  CROSE 
th  Collett  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
rn  in  Kingman,  Illinois,  February 
Son  of  William  S.  Crose  and 
terson  Crose.  Volunteered  De- 
S.   1917.   with  Troop  C.  6th  U.  S. 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
HARRY  JOHN  CROWDER 
1512  Franklin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Rock  Falls.  Illinois,  May  2.  1892. 
Son  of  William  Daniel  Crowder  and  Jose- 
phine Caroline  Stoll  Crowder.  Volunteered 
in    June.    19i;.    with    the    U.    S.    Infantry. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  CUNNINGHAM 
722  Bryan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  March  2,  1899.  Son 
of  David  Cunningham  and  Louisa  Brakia 
CunniriRham.  Volunteered  in  June.  1916. 
with  the  Machine  Gun  Battalion;  trans- 
ferred to  Company  D,  123d  U.  S.  Machine 
Gun  Battalion,  then  received  an  honorable 
discharge,  February  8,   1918. 


nois,  December  13.  1895.  Son  of  Frank 
Culp  and  Victoria  Adams  Culp.  Volun- 
teered June  5.  1917.  with  Company  E.  57th 
U.    S.    Infantry. 


HAM 


.  l»')i.  Son  of 
David  Cunningham  and  Louisa  Brakia 
Cunningham.  Volunteered  in  June.  1918. 
with  the  Machine  Gun  Battalion;  trans- 
ferred to  Company  D,  123d  U.  S.  Machine 
Gun    Battalion. 


PRIVATE  ORVILLE  E.  CUMMIXGS 
12.'.?  Freeman  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Eugene,  Indiana.  December  21. 
1898.  Volunteered  Tulv  8,  1917.  with  the 
M9th    U.    S.    Field    Artillery.     Battery    A. 


PRIVATE  EMILE  CURTIN 
412  East  Van  Buren  Street.  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  1896.  Son  of  Ulcer  and 
Eliza  Hauret  Curtin.  Volunteered  in  Sep. 
tember.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Engineers 
Corps,  Company  A. 


PRIVATE  HARRISON  CURTIS 
1203  Grant  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Catlin,  Illinois,  August  1,  1889.  Son 
of  Marion  Curtis  and  Mary  E.  Curtis. 
Volunteered  May  3,  1917,  with  the  149th 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  Battery  A,  Rainbow 
Division. 


CAPTAIN 
IIMKACE  OSCAR  CUSHMAN 
1  North  Vvalnut  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
5.  Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  January 
1894.  Son  of  W.  J.  Cu.shman  and  Ber- 
M.  Holloway  Cushman.  Volunteered 
March,    1917.    with    the    4f,th    U.    S.    In- 


l^ffi. 


^^■ 


\ 


t: 


PRIVATE   WAT 

East    9th    Stre- 
Born    March 


aXENANT   BYRON   SCOTT   DAGUE 


1916.  with   the  U.   S.   Uj 


ALBERT  F.  DALES,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
19  Virginia  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  17.  1898,  in  Pendleton,  Indiana. 
Son  of  George  and  Betsy  White  Dales. 
Enlisted  May  8.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  HORACE  JOHN  DALES 
19  Virginia  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  14,  1894,  in  Pendleton,  Indiana.  Son 
of  George  and  Betsy  White  Dales,  Entered 
service  June  1,  1918.  with  the  46th  U.  S. 
Infantry,   Company   D. 


PRIVATE  PERCY  GEORGE  DALES 
19  Virginia  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.    Born 
December    5,    189(1,    in    Lincolnshire,    Eng- 
land.    Entered   serv'ice  May   20.   1918.   with 
the  14th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  G. 


PRIVATE  XORiMAN  MADDEN  DALE 
409  North  Gilbert  Street.  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Decem- 
ber 2,  1894.  Son  of  Thomas  J.  Dale  and 
Jessie  B.  Tarrant  Dale.  Volunteered  April 
21,     1914,     with    Company    I.     5th     Ulin   ' 


Machine  Gun   Battalion. 


23d 


PRIVATE 
CHARLES  HOBART  DANIELS 
114  East  Madison  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  February  7.  1897,  in  Richmond,  Ken- 
tucky. Son  of  C.  F.  and  Louvicia  Crutcher 
Daniels.  Volunteered  August.  1918,  with 
the   U.    S.   Coast   Guards. 


PRIVATE  PARKER  DANIELS 
114  East  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illi 
nois.  Born  in  August,  1894,  in  Richmond, 
Kentucky.  Son  of  C.  F.  Daniels  and  Lou- 
vicia Crutcher  Daniels.  Volunteered  in 
April,  1917,  with  the  2d  Motor  Truck  Divi- 
sion,   Company    2,    1st    U.    S.    Ammunition 


PRIVATE    JOE    DANZALL 

R.  F.  D.  No.  8.  Hegler.  Illinois, 
in  April.  189U.  in  LaSalle.  Illinois, 
of  Makary  and  Allen  Hart  Danzall. 
unteered  May  20,  1918,  with  the 
U.   S    .\mbulance  Company,  310th   Sa 


Son  of  Fred 
Darling  and  Captolia  Ilangel  Darling.  En- 
listed May  7,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  P>lavy. 


Son  of  Ella  Fircbaugh  Davidson.  Ente 
service  September  1.  1918.  with  the  L'. 
Automobile    School. 


FRANK  DAVIDSON. 
MECHANIC,  U.  S.  A. 
2li.i  Cronkhite  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Horn  December  25,  1895,  in  Ludlow,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Ella  Firebaugh  Davidson. 
Volunteered  February  2,  1918,  with  the 
I".    S.   Aviation   Corps. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  F.  DAVIDSON 
205  Cronkhite  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  21,  1893.  in  .Armstrong, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Ella  Firebaugh  Davidson. 
Volunteered  in  April,  1917.  as  Chief  Me- 
chanic. Battery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Ar 
tillery.  Rainbow  Division. 


159 


PRIVATE  EDGAR  ORLAND  DARINGER 
933  North  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  i.  1894,  in  Mattoon.  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Cora  B.  Ballah  Dar- 
inger.  Volunteered  March  27,  1918,  with 
the  U.   S.  Ordnance  Department. 


PRIVATE  PEARL  DAVIDSON 
203  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  5,  1887,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Rowena  Davidson.  Entered  service  June 
1,  1918,  with  the  9th  Division,  U.  S.  Mili- 
tary  Police. 


November  20,  1898,  in  Chicago,  lUino 
Son  of  Frederick  and  Nellie  Watson  Davi( 
Entered  service  December  II,  1917,  wi 
the  610th    U.    S.   Aero   Squadron. 


PRIVATE  JOEL  DAVIS 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  February  6,  1892, 
in  Joplin,  Missouri.  Son  of  George  Davis. 
Husband  of  Eliza  Potts  Davis  and  father 
of  Milton  Lee  and  Verne  Albert  Davis. 
Entered  service  April  2,  1918,  with  the 
U.    S.   Medical   Corps. 


LIEUTENANT  FREDERICK  A.  DAVIS 
8  Corrinne  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois,  March  10,  1894. 
Son  of  John  H.  Davis  and  Ruth  Miller 
Davis.  Entered  service  with  the  U.  S. 
Signal  Corps. 


PRIVATE  MELVIN  F.  DAVIS 
230  Cunningham  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  February  21, 
1891.  Son  of  Julius  and  Delilah  Davis. 
Volunteered  December,  1917,  with  the  U. 
S.  Quartermasters  Department. 


PRIVATE  OLIVER  DAVIS 
447  South  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Gas  City,  Indiana,  Decem- 
ber 7,  189.'i.  Son  of  C.  T.  Davis  and 
Charlotte  E.  Brewer  Davis.  Volunteered 
April  1,  1918,  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery,  Rainbow  Division. 


LIEUTENANT  RAYMOND  E.  DAVIS 
105  East  English  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  August  10,  1894. 
Son  of  Lon  S.  Davis  and  Eva  A.  Davis. 
Entered  service  with  the  U.  S.  Reserve 
Officers  Training  Camp,  July,  1917. 


1^1 


is 


m 


PRIVATE  RALPH  F.  DAVISON" 
1006  North  Collett  Street.  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  .'VIvin.  Illinois.  December  31, 
1894.  Son  of  Ferdinand  Davison  and  Anna 
Edna  Reinhold  Davison.  V'olunteered 
March  6,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Signal 
Corps,  Aero   Squadron. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH   LEWIS   ROACH 
1006    North    Collett    Street.    Danville.    II 
nois.     Born  October  17.   1892.  in  Breedn 
Connecticut.      Son    of    Simeon    and    Nancy 
Henager  Roach.    Husband  of  Muriel  Davi 
son  Roach.    Entered  service  June  28.  1918 
with  the  121st  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  L 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  DAY 
6l4'A    Vermilion    Street.    Danville.    Illinois. 
Born  in  Hillsboro,  Indiana,  May  25.   1895. 
Son   of   N.   V.    Day   and   Minerva   Gebhart 
Day.     Volunteered  December  8.   1917, 
the^U.   S.  Quarterma 
Company. 


Supply 


Corps,   3Hlh   U. 


WILLIAM  DANIEL  DAY,  U.  S.  N. 
201    Stewart    Street,    South    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.     Born    in    Danville,   Illinois.      Son   of 
William    Day    and    Johanna    Kneidel    Day. 
Volunteered  May  20,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 


FIRST  COOK   LOUIS  L.   DEAN 
5     ChicaEO    Avenue.    Danville.     Illin 


lioi 


Mi: 


uly  11,  1893,  in  Arbel; . 
John  Dean.  Husband  of  Rcna 
Vhite  Dean  and  father  of  Gordon  Fred- 
rick Dtan  Entered  service  August  1, 
918,  with   the  U.   S.   Army. 


WALTER  V.  DECK,  GUNNER.  U.  S.  N. 
1119  Dakota  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  2f>.  1897.  in  Bismark.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Zacariah  and  Isabelle  Leonard  Deck. 
Enlisted    July     18.     1917,    with    the    U.    S. 


^'"^. 


CORPORAL  HERMAN  N.  DEMLOW 
1105  Sherman  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  April  15.  1894.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Husband  of  Zoe  Harshbarger  Demlow.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918,  with  Company 
M,    124lh    U.    S.   Infantry,    Dixie   Division. 


PRIVATE    HAURV    L.    DE.MMEKLV 

n    North    Robinson    Street,   Danville,    llli- 

iv.      Born   in    Danville,   Illinois,   May    18, 

Volunteered    March    11,    1916,    with 

.   S.  Artillery,   with   Battery  A.    149th 

Field  Artillery.    Rainbow   Division. 


1  896 


PRIVATE  OTTO  JOHN  DEMMIN 
500  North  Bowman  Avenue,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  November  15.  1894,  m  Dan- 
ville. Illinois.  Son  of  Fred  and  Anna 
Schultz  Demmin.  Entered  service  May  20, 
1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Engineers  Corps. 


HARRV  DE  MOSS,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
R  R.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville,  Illinois  in  June,  1900.  Son  of 
J.  M.  De  Moss  and  Hattie  Belle  Madden 
De  Moss.  Volunteered  April  26,  1917,  with 
the  V.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  R.  DENGLER 
30  Pine  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bon 
in  Rossville,  Illinois,  January  i.  1896.  Soi 
of  Thomas  R.  Dengler  and  Letha  McClur. 
Dengler.  Volunteered  in  1917  with  Bat 
tery  A,  U.  S.  Array. 


f 

S 

1 

?s 

1 

1 

^  ^    m 

■ 

A 

?^  Jj 

1 

1 

i 

mm 

w 

PRIVATE 

CLARENCE  J.   DEPKE 

901 

Gilbert  S 

reet.  Danville,  Illino 

is     Born 

No 

vember    22 

1891,    in    Danville 

Illinois 

Sor 

of  Chad 

s  and  Emma  Martir 

s  Depke 

En 

ce    September    6,    1918,    with 

the 

Supply   Department.    Engineer 

Replace 

It  Troops, 

16th   Regiment,  2d 

PRIVATE  THOMAS  A.   DEVLIN 
'A    East   Nprth   Street,   Danville,    Illinois, 
.rn    in     1886.       Volunteered    April,    1918, 
th  the  14th  V.  S.  Infantry,  5th  Company, 


Danville,  Illinois,  March  4,  1887.  Vol- 
iteercd  with  the  149th  U.  S,  Field  Artil- 
•y.  Battery  A.  Rainbow  Division. 


SERGEANT 
HAROLD  E.  DIFFENDERFER 
908  Oak  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Fountain  County,  Indiana.  May  24, 
1893.  Son  of  J.  A.  Diffenderfer  and  Eliza- 
beth Spinks  Diffenderfer.  Volunteered  in 
April,  1917.  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,   Rainbow  Division. 


lOSEPH  CHARLES  DIETZEN, 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
205  Sidell  .\vcnue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
March  31,  1895,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Joseph  M.  and  Caroline  F.  Dietzen. 
Enlisted  in  May.  1918.  with  Company  G. 
Regiment   7.  U.  S.   Navy. 


Danville.  Illinois,     i 

and    Caroline     F.     Dietz 

line    2.    1918.    with    the    H 

X.   U.   S.   Medical   Corps 


PRIVATE  JOHN  REGNALD  DITTER 
102  Porter  Street.  Danville.  Illinois  Son 
of  Benjamin  M.  and  Belle  Popjoy  Ditter. 
Entered  service  June  2.  1918.  with  the 
Machine    Gun    Company,    21st    U.    S.    Infan- 


PRIVATE  HURSCHEL  H.  DODD 
4  North  Collett  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
is.  Born  in  Oakland  City,  Indiana,  Aug- 
t  4,  1895.  Son  of  Joseph  E.  Dodd  and 
ne  I.  Dodd.  Volunteered  February  27. 
15,  with  the  U.   S    Infantry;   transferred 

Company   D,    123d   V.    S.    Machine   Gun 


PRIVATE  EARL  E.  DODSON 
91  r  West  Clay  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  AuKust  JO,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  lohn  W.  and  Eva  K.  Fairchild  Dod- 
von.  Entered  service  August  27,  1918,  with 
the  5th  r.  S.  Artillery,  Company  C. 


Born  November  20,  lK9o,  in  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri. Son  of  Rudolph  and  Jennie  Brown 
Dombroskie.  Husband  of  Clare  McCus- 
ker  Dombroskie  and  father  of  Pauline 
Don-broskie.  Volunteered  June  15,  1918, 
with  the  57th  U.  S.   Balloon  Company. 


27  in  LaSalle, 

Ellen     Hart     Domz 

May  28,  1918,  with  the  37th  U.  S. 

Company   A. 


^Ji 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  P  DONALDSON 
31  North  Mam  ^reet.  South  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  Aprff  30,  1891.  in  Peoria,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  James  W.  and  Ellen  Petti- 
grew  Donaldson.  Volunteered  December 
10,  1917,  with  the  28th  U.  S.  Engineers, 
Company  A.     Killed  in  action. 


Flora    Siders    Dorsett.        V^olu 
c  25.  1918,  with  the  U.  S-  Quar 


10  Baldwi 

une  21.  1897.  Son  of  Otto  Doud,  Sr., 
nd  Elizabeth  Hershfield  Doud.  Vol- 
nteered  May  6,  1918,  with  the  U.  S, 
ield  Artillery. 


PRIVATE   ELDON   J.    DOWLING 
8   Fifth   Avenue.   Danville,   Illinois.      Bo 
Carolina 

1918,   with 'the    123rd  'u 
Battalion. 


PRIVATE 

ARTHUR    JAMES    DOUGHERTY 
R.    No.    I,   Danville,  Illinois.      Born  Jan- 

rv   21.    1892,   in   Oakwood,   Illinois.      Son 
William   and    Majjjie    Parcy   Dougherty. 

>lunteered    March    11.    I"'"        '  '      ' 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  DOUGHERTY 
R.  R.  No.  1.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
April  17.  1884.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  and  Maggie  Parey  Dougherty. 
Volunteered  May  30.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Infantry,  as  Baker. 


PRIV.N  11  I.I  'i  .n.  -  li'.WNEV 
410  Martu,  -i:..  ^  I  i..i:  ■,  ■!:.  ,  llhim,..  Born 
in  Tuscola.  Illinois,  ^eptcniiier.  ]»S*3.  Son 
of  Oliver  F.  Downey  and  Emma  J.  Broad- 
stom  Downey.  Volunteered  in  I9I5,  with 
149th   U.    S.    Field   Artillery,   67th    Brigade. 


CORPORAL    FRANK    J.    DOWNING 
Danville,  Illinois.      Born  April   15,   1891,  in 
Danville,   Illinois.      Son   of   the   late  James 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
EARNEST  BOONE  DOWNS 
305  South  Maine  Street.  South  Danville. 
Illinois.  Born  April  6.  1891.  in  Gila.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Henry  B.  and  Maggie  Yelton 
Downs.  Husband  of  Ida  Loman  Downs 
and  father  of  Stephen  E..  Kathryn  L.  and 
Margaret  A.  Downs.  Volunteered  March 
1.  1918,  with  U.  S.  Base  Hospital. 


PRIVATE  ELMER  DREWS 
North  Collett  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
n  December  16.  1898,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
.  Son  of  Herman  and  Lena  Leverenz 
ws.  Volunteered  February  4,  1918, 
the  73d  U.  S.  Squadron.  Aviation  Sec- 
.  Balloon   Rigger. 


DRUM   SERGEANT 

EARL   L.    DRAPER 
924  Harmon  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Farmer  City,  Illinois,  January   16,   1891. 
Son    of    George    W.    Draper    and   Addie    E. 


Jorn  January  7,  1895,  in  Danv 
nois.  Son  of  Herman  and  Len 
Drews.  Volunteered  Februar' 
with  the  601st  U.  S.  Squadron,  " 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  DREWS 
921  East  Seminary  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  22,  1894,  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  William  and  Minnie  Lev- 
ercnz  Drews.  Entered  service  May  28, 
1918,   with   the   U.    S.   Infantry. 


CORPORAL  WILLIAM  DREWS 

;i  East  Seminary  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
)is.  Born  August  1,  1891,  in  Danville, 
[inois.  Son  of  William  and  Minnie  Lev- 
enz  Drews.  Volunteered  in  April,  1914, 
ith  the  I.  C.  Coast  Artillery,  Company  13. 


PRIVATE  HARRV  DREWS 
703  Porter  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  4,  1895.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Charles  and  Minnie  Hank  Drews.  En- 
tered  service  in  June,  1918,  with  the  46th 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


SERGEA.NT  JOHN  DRAWERT 
16!^  -North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  February 
18,  1895.  Son  of  Annie  Drawert.  Volun- 
teered April  12,  1914.  with  the  V.  S.  In- 
fantry Now  with  Company  3.  1st  Train 
Battali"!'     l^H.l,    I-     s;     Depot  Brigade. 


SERGEANT 
632  Sherman  S 
February  28.  1897.  in  Danville, 
Son  of  Irvin  and  Effie  Meade  Drive 
unteered  November  23,  1917,  with  tl 
U.   S.   Aero   Squadron. 


SERGEANT  OLIVER  W.  DIBRE 
204  Fourth  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  i.  1890,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Hus- 
band of  Cora  B.  Dubre  and  father  of 
Helen  M.  and  Marion  E.  Dubre.  Volun- 
teered in  April,  1915,  with  the  5lh  Regi- 
ment,   Battery    A,    V.    S.    Army. 


MESS  SOIGEANT  JOHN  W.  DUNBAR 
230  Cunningham  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  24,  1898,  in  Vermilion,  Illi- 
nois.  Son  of  George  Dunbar  and  Dora 
Dunbar.  Volunteered  May  3,  1917.  with 
Battery    E.   77th    U.   S.    Field  Artillery. 


RGEANT  OMAR  H.  DUN"BAR 
117  East  Madison  Street.  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  January  1,  1890,  in  Watertown, 
South  Dakota.  Son  of  E.  and  Anna  E. 
Dunbar.  Entered  service  August  18.  1917, 
with  the  337th  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battal- 
ion,  Company    1. 


HOBART  M.  DI;NLAP. 
ENGINEER,  U.  S.  A. 
1018  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  May  21,  1896,  in  Springfield,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Edward  L.  and  Mary  B.  Dunlap. 
Entered  service  May  20,  1918,  with  the  6th 
Training  Battalion.   U.   S.   Signal   Corps. 


Son  of  Edw.  and  Ellen  McCarthy  Dyer 
Husband  of  Mary  Schacfcr  Dyer  and  fathei 
of  Ralph  James  Dyer.  Entered  servict 
June  28.  1918,  with  the  I24th  U.  S.  Infan. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  EARLEV 
1102  Martin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  1,  1893.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Mary  Ellia  Earley  and  the  late  Solo- 
mon T.  Earley.  Volunteered  May  28.  1918. 
with  the  School  Troops  No.  2,  Central 
Officers   Training   School. 


PRIVATE  JASPER  N.  EASTERDAY 
102  East  Bridge  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  January  10.  1895.  in  Oakwood.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Jasper  N.  and  Elizabeth  Mid- 
dleton  Easterday.  Volunteered  in  Tune, 
1918,  with  Company  E,  21st  L".  S    Infantry. 


ALEXANDER    CAMPBELL    EDWARDS. 

SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
221  East  Fairchild  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  September  24.  1900.  in  St.  Paul.  Min- 
nesota. Son  of  William  .\.  and  Margaret 
Campbell  Edwards.  Enlisted  July  6,  1918, 
with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


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DAVID  EDWARDS.  COOK.  U  S.  N. 
414  Sidcll  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  20,  1895,  in  Loda,  Indiana.  Son 
of  John  and  Minnie  Haworth  Edwards. 
Entered  service  in  May.  1918.  with  the 
U.    S. 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  EDWARDS 
414  Sidell  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  Br 
February  16,  1897.  in  Marshfield.  Illinc 
Son  of  John  and  Minnie  Haworth  Edwards. 
Entered  servic 
U.  S.  Navy. 


18.    1916, 


PRIVATE  EVERT  EDWARDS 
115  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  20.  1899,  in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Charles  and  Amanda  Starley  Edwards. 
Volunteered  in  September.  1917.  with  the 
U.   S.    Light   Artillery.  Company   D. 


HARR^■    WILLIA.M    Kll  LK.XFF.LD 
Danville.      Ulinoi.^.        Born      S.plember      14. 
1890.     Son  of  Chris  Ehlenfeld  and  Minnie 
Lcmpke    Ehlenfeld.      Entered   service   April 
th    the    U.    S.    Heavy    Artillery. 


npke 
1918. 


PRIVATE 
CHARLES  REYNOLDS  EHLERS 
107  Pine  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois,  December  31,  1895. 
Son  of  Charles  F.  Ehlers  and  Sarah  Wolf 
Ehlers.  Volunteered  in  December.  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Reserve 
Corps. 


WILLIAM  R.\Y  ELLER, 
GUNNER'S  MATE,  U.  S.  N. 
2209  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  November  22.  1899.  in  Muncie.  Indi- 
ana. Son  of  William  F.  and  Ella  Kidd 
Eller.  Entered  service  May.  1918,  with 
the   U.   S.   Navy. 


GEORGE   WAYNE    ELLER, 
FIREMAN,   U.    S.    N 
2209    East    Main    Street.    Danville, 


olT 


and    Ella    Kidd    Eller 
July.    1918.    with    th< 


Born  in  Muncii 

:.  Indiana. 

October   5.    189h. 

Son    of    Williaii 

:i    F.    Ellei 

■    and    Ella    Kidd 

Eller.     Volunte. 

=red   May 

S.   1917,  with  the 

CORPORAL  RALPH  HOOVER  ELLIOTT 
402  Gilbert  Street,  Danvilk-.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Rossville.  Illinois.  April  21.  1884.  Son 
of  Morgan  K.  Elliott  and  Clara  Hoover 
Elliott.  Entered  .service  April  3.  1918.  with 
the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery;  transferred  to 
the  Clerical  Depart.Tient.  Headquarters  Di 
vision,    v.    S.    Ordnance    Deparlmcnt. 


PRIVATE  BERT  ELLIOTT 
R.  R.  No.  2.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Sep- 
tember 8.  1886.  in  Danville.  Illinois-  Son 
of  Huston  and  Betty  Watts  Elliott.  Hus- 
band  of  Esther  Kinsey  Elliott  and  father 
of  Bertie  May  Elliott.  Entered  service 
June  2i,.  I9I8.  with  the  .vid  Pioneer  In- 
fantry.  C.impany   .\. 


diana.  luiv  21.  1893.  Son  of  William  O. 
Elliott  and  Laura  Elliott.  Entered  .service 
September  18.  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Infan- 
Drowned  while  trying  to  save  the 
child. 


Ii7e    of    a"' 


PRIVATE  DIAL   El.AM 
133    South    Logan    Avenue,    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.     Born    December    26,    1894,    in    Ken- 
tucky.     Son    of    Frank    and    Anna    Lewis 


Son  of  W.  J.  Elliott  and  Helen  D.  Coff, 
Elliott.  Volunteered  in  October.  1917. 
Indianapolis.    Indiana,    with    the   7lh    U- 


CORPORAL  FRED  WM.  ELLEMAN 
711  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  9.  1893.  in  Elkhart.  Indiana.  Son 
of  Fred  H.  and  Gertrude  Dclo  EUen-an. 
Husband  of  Edna  Rice  Elleman.  Entered 
service  December  13,  1917.  with  the  112th 
Squadron,  U.  S.  Aviation  Section. 


PRIVATE  DALLAS  M.  ELZEY 
601  Bensyl  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Preble,  Indiana,  November  20,  1893. 
Son  of  J.  D.  Elzey  and  Flora  Elzey.  En- 
tered service  November  17,  1917,  with  the 
67th   U.   S.   Aero   Squadron. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  ARTHUR  EMERY 
626  Porter  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Georgetown,  Illinois,  October  23,  1895. 
Son  of  Leonard  A.  Emery  and  Emily  Mor- 
gan Emery.  Volunteered  June  28,  1917, 
with  Company  B.  4l5t  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE    FRED    E.    ENGELMAN 
1212    East    Main    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born  September  12,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
noib.      Son    of   John    W.    and    Sophia    Dill 


PRIVATE  HARRY  U.  ENGLE 
48  Bismark  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  1,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  and  Anna  Siedelmann  Engle. 
Volunteered  May  16.  1918,  with  the  3d  U. 
S.    Field   Artillery,    Battery   C. 


PRIVATE  LEVI  TRONTMA.N  ENGLE 
606  Cunningham  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
'  1   January,    1894,   in    Belmont,    Ken- 
Son   of  John   and   Lida   Winehover 
Husband    of    Ada    Purvis    Engle. 


Bor 

tucky. 

Engle. 


CAPTAIN  BENJAMIN  C.  ENGLI.SH 
1540  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  February  5,  1885.  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Charles  Lewis  and  Mary 
O'Hara  English.  Volunteered  in  May, 
1917,  with  the  86th  Division,  343d  U.  S. 
Infantry. 


PRIVATE 
CONNELL   ABDILL    ENGLISH 
Danville,    Illinois.      Born    April    10,    1896. 
Son  of  Ernest    Y.    English   and   Bertie  Ab- 
dill    English.      Volunteered  with   the   U.    S. 
Aviation  Corps,  Fifth  Cadet  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  ERB 
2101  Cannon  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  28,  1887,  in  Block,  Illinois. 
Husband  of  Beatnce  Gray  Erb.  Entered 
service  June  3,  1918,  with  the  Kahe  Motor 
School,    Company    I. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  ERICKSON 
lli  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
arn  May  11,  1898.  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
3n  of  Emil  and  Elsa  Erickson.  Entered 
rvice  Tune  28,  1918,  with  the  106th  U. 
Supply  Train,  Comi)any  E,  as  Chauffeur. 


SERGEANT  HARRY  ANTON  ERNEST 
428  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  November  23.  18^7 
Son   of  Anton    Ernest.      Volunteered  June, 

U.  S.  Q.  Nf^C.  N.  A. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  ERVIN 
25    North    Vermilion    Street,    Danville, 
nois.     Born  in   November.    1896,   in   M 
cello,  Indiana.     Son  of  Luther  Ervin. 
unteercd  in  July,    1917,   with   the    l.ils 
S.  Infantry,  Company  G. 


Esslinger.  Volunteered  w 
6th  Regiment,  U.  S.  Engii 
action  July  15,  1918. 


PRIVATE  DOLPll  EVAN 
213  Bensyl  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinc 
October  19,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illin 
of  Grant  and  Eva  Henderson  Evai 
band    of    Maymc    Harper    Evans. 


PRIVATE  RAY  T.  EVANS 
807  North  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Tangier,  Indiana,  February  5, 
1898.  Son  of  Louis  Evans  and  Catherine 
Evans.  Volunteered  June  12,  1917,  with 
Company  I,  V.  S.  Infantry.  Honorably 
discharged. 


i 


PRIVATE    FRED    B.    EVERITT 

LIEUTENANT    MAX    EVERS 

Danville,     Illinois.       So,,     of     Mrs.     Jennie 

704J^    Johnson     Street,     Danville.    Illim 

Everitt.     In  servtce  with  the  67th   Rrieade, 
Headquarters    Department.    U.    S.    Field   Ar- 

Born  in  1890,  in  San  Antonio,  Texas.    \ 

untcered    in    l'>\b.    with    the    8th    Regime 

tillerv. 

Company    L.       Now    3-0,h    U.    S.    Infant 

PRIVATE    FLOYD    E.    EWING 


CORPORAL    GAIL    EWING 
413   Washington   Avenue,  Danville.   Illinois. 
Born  June  25.   1894.   in   Brownsville,  Ohio. 
Brother    of    Maggie    Yarger.      Volunteered 


FRANK   M.    FAGAN. 
MACHINIST,    U.    S.    N. 
213    East    English     Street.    Danville,    lUi- 
August    2,    1896.    in    Danville. 


PRIVATE    ENDS    E.    FAIRCHILD 


in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Emma  Fire- 
Ijaugh  Fairchild  and  the  late  M.  E.  Fair- 
child.  Entered  service  May  31.  1918.  with 
the  46th  C.  S.  Infantry.  Compatty  D. 


fW      ^**- 


PRIVATE  JOE    FALCO 
State     Streirt.     Westville,     Illinois.       Born 
May    15,    1893.    in    Carvonara,    Italy.      En- 
tered service  June  26,  1918,  with  the  306th 
U.  S.  Ammunition  Train.  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  M.  FARNSWORTH 
R.  K.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Oc- 
lol.er  I.  1896.  in  Jan:tsburg.  Illinois.  Son 
of  James  and  Luella  M.  Ca-ss  Farnsworth. 
Entered  -ervice  April  3.  1918,  with  the 
68th  Regiment.  Supply  Company,  U.  S. 
Coast   Artillery   Corps. 


Born  April  14.  1886.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  August  and  Minnie  Fair  Faulstich. 
Entered  service  in  June.  1918.  with  the 
123d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  C. 


HENRY  FAUVER. 
SE.\MAN.  U.  S.  N.  R.  F. 
14  North  Street  Street.  Danville.  Illini 
Born  May  25,  1888.  in  Kell.  Illinois.  S 
of  James  A.  and  Suanna  Walker  Fauv 
Entered  service  June  10,  1918,  with  i 
U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE 
BURTON  McNEIL  FERGUSON 
1110  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  19,  1890,  in  Perrysvillc, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Wilbur  and  Jennie  McNeil 
Ferguson.  Husband  of  Alta  H.  Griffith 
Ferguson.  Entered  service  June  24,  1918. 
with   the  U.   S.  Ordnance   Department. 


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PRIVATE  ERNEST  L.  FERGl'SO.N 
14  Kentucky  Street.  Danville.  lUinc 
Born  December  14,  1887.  in  CovinRton. 
diana.  Son  of  Fred  and  Tillie  Lewi.^  F 
euson.  Entered  service  June  1.  1918.  « 
the    53d    U.    S.    Engineers,    Company    A. 


/'Ci' 


716   Grant    Street,   Dami: 
December    14,    189.i.    ui 
Son  of  Samuel    L.   and    :-,,. 
Entered    service    Mav    Jl. 
pany    C.    14th    U.    S.'  Infai 


PRIVATE    AUGUST    FAUVILLE 

PRIVATE  HARRY   W.  FELGENIIAUER 

PRIVATE  LOUIS  FELGENHAUR 

4    East    Main    Street.    Danville.    Illinois, 
untcered   with    Company   Z,    163d    Sixth 

R.     R.     No.     9,     Bismark     Road,     Danville, 
Illinois.      Born    October    2,    1895,    in    Dan- 
ville, Illinois.     Son  of  William  and  Hannah 
Witt    Felgenhauer.       Entered    service    May 
12,    1918,    with    the    12th    U.    S.    Infantry, 
Company  E. 

316  Cherry  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April   10,   1897,   in    Danville,   Illinois.     Vol- 
unteered    March    8.     1918,    with     the    4»lh 

PRIVATE  HERBERI 
13    East    Fairchild 
ois.      Born    March 


of  Andrew 
Fissell.  Entered 
with    Company    82, 


PRIVATE 

GEORGE    HENRY    FITZGERALD 

824  Hazel  Street.   Danville,   Illinois.     Born 

August   I,   1892,  in   Danville,  Illinois.    Son 

of    William    and    Mar(;aret     Downey    Fitz- 


PRIVATE  BASIL  PAUL  FLANNERY 
R.  R.  No.  I.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  2.  1895,  in  Grape  Creek.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  and  Carrie  Rufus  Flan- 
nery.  Entered  service  August  1,  1918. 
with  the  156th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade,  3d 
Battalion.    12th   Company. 


LEVIN  K.  FORD,  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
1701  Lincoln  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  December  22,  1896  in  Vermilion 
Grove,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  H.  and 
Rose  Cook  Ford.  Entered  service  June  3, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


1893,    ii 

Illinois.  Son  of  John  and  Carrie  Rufus 
Flannery.  Husband  of  Elsie  Holden  Flan- 
nery  and  father  of  Melvin  and  Theodore 
Flannery.  Entered  service  September  6. 
1918,    with    the    147th    U.    S.    Headquarters 


HERBERT  A.  FOEHRER. 
PETTY  OFFICER.  U.   S.   N. 
rrine  Street.   Danville.  Illinois. 


SERGEANT  CHXRLES  RL SSELL  FORD 
Danville  IMinois  Born  Oct.iber  lU,  1892, 
in  Catlin.  Illinois.  Son  of  Ed«in  A  Ford 
and  the  late  Janette  E.  Harkley  Ford.  Vol- 
unteered July  21,  1917,  with  the  3d  U.  S. 
Balloon    Company. 


Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  H.  and 
)ok  Ford.  Entered  service  June  26, 
•ith    the   U.    S.    Hospital    Corps, 


^m^^- 


PRIVATE  FRANK  MORRIS  FORCE 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  July  22.  1887  in 
Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  and  Mar- 
garet Force.  Volunteered  December  1. 
1917.  with  Wagon  Company  101,  U.  S. 
Quartermasters    Corps. 


PRIVATE 
WILBERT  SULLIVAN  FOSTER 
PCIO  Walnut  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois.  September  15  1896. 
Son  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Foster  and  Lina  Sullivan 
Foster.  Volunteered  November  30,  1917, 
with  the  M.  R.  S.,  302d.  Company  3,  A. 
P.    O.    798,    U.    S.    Army 


^ 


AJMllUU  I'URK.NLK.  SEAMAN.  L  S.  x^ 
ill  East  Harrison  Street.  Danville.  Ill 
nois.  Born  January  9.  1898.  in  Danvill< 
Illinois.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Forkne 
Enlisted     in    July.     1918.     with     the     V .     \ 


PRIVATE  WILLI A.M  DAVID  KOSTER 
Born  in  Fountain  County.  Indiana.  Son 
of  Josiah  and  Effie  Eaton  Foster.  En- 
tered service  .April   18.   191H.   with  the  U.   S. 


PRIVATE    PAUL    H.    FOWLER 
(.16     Robinson     Street.     Danville.     IllinoU. 
Born    m   Veedcrisburg.   December    17,    1897. 
Son  of  John   H.   Fowler  and   Nellie   Briner 
Fowler.      Volunteered   in    May,    1917,    with 


CORPORAL  FORD  L.  DWIGCilNS 
726  Perrysvillc  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Rossville.  Illinois.  January  12. 
1895.  Son  of  H.  L.  Dwiggins  and  Carrie 
Stanbro  Dwiggins  Served  three  years  with 
Company  I.  Volunteered  in  June,  1917. 
Battery  A,  149th  V.  S.  Field  Artillerv. 
Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  F.  FOX 
209  Grant  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
1  Trenton.  Missouri.  Dece:nber  lb. 
ion  of  Richard  V.  Fox  and  Ida 
■ox.  Entered  service  May  2.i.  191,H. 
he  14th  U.  S    Infantry. 


SECOND   LIEUTENANT    RAY    FOX 
1209  Grant  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.    Born 
in    Trenton.    .Missouri.    October     1.?.     1890. 
Son    of    Richard    V.     and     Ida     Hock     Fox. 
Volunteered  Mav   Id.    1917.   with   the  U.  S. 


CORPOU.M.  .\KCI1IK  FRANCE 
802  Chandler  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  July  l.S.  1897. 
Son  of  John  E.  France  a,id  Laura  Mc 
Knisht  France.  Volunteered  in  March. 
1917.  with  the  149th  V.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
liatlery    A.    Rainbow    Division. 


SERGEANT    JEAN     FRANCE 
802     Chandler     Street.     Danville,     Illii 
Born    in    Danville,    Illinois,    in    June.    I 
Son    of    Jo-        ••      - 
Knisht    Fn 
1911.    with    the 


John    E.    France    and    Laura    Mc 


PRIXATE   BKLCE   FRANCE 
802     Chandler     Street,     Danville,     Illinois. 
Born    in    Sadorus,    Illinois,   July    13,    1888. 
Son    of   John    E.    France    and    Laur 
ht    Fr. 


Franc 
Batie 


France.     Volunteered  in   April,   1917 
~     lery    A,    149th    U.    S.    Fie  ' 
67th   Brigade,  42d   Division. 


Husband    of    Carrie    H. 

■  1,   1917,   with 

Id    Artillery, 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  F.  FRAZIER 
1313  McKinley  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  October  3,  1888.  in  Winnemac.  Indiana. 
Son  of  George  and  Alice  Wilmotts  Frazier 
Husband  of  Mossie  Quick  Frazier  and 
father  of  William  Franklin  Frazier.  En- 
tered service  September  25.  1918.  with  the 
U.  S.  Army.   18th  Company. 


PRIVATE  JOHN    FRASIER 
1303    McKinley   Avenue,    Danville.    Illinois. 
Born  in  Indiana.     Son  of  George  and  Alice 
Frasier.       Entered    service    June    28.    1918, 
with  Company  A.  122d  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PK1\.\TK   GUV    E.    FRASIER 
1303    McKinley   Avenue,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born  in  Indiana.     Son  of  George  and  Alice 
Frasier.      Entered    service    June    28,    1918, 
with  Company   1.  Divisional  Battalion. 


(^ 


^/v-^  r  ,    <^ 


PRIVATE  ROBERT   M.   FRANK 
616   Plum   Street.   Danville.   Illinois.      Born 
March   4.   1896.   in    Danville.   Illinois.      Son 
of    F.    and    Sophia    Oehmke    Frank.       En- 
tered service  May   28,    1918,    with   the   71st 


PRIVATE  WALTER  FRANKLIN 
R.    R.    No     3,    Danville,    Illinois.      Son    of 
Nellie     Wood     Franklin.       Entered    service 
with  Field  Bakery  322.  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE 
L.   GILBERT   FRANKEBERGER 

lOOo    North  J[ackson    Street.    Danville. 


Lenora  H.  Hawk  Frankeberge 
teered  April  6,  1917,  with  the  Radio  Ar- 
tillery; transferred  to  Battery  .\.  149th 
U.     S.     Field    Artillerv,    Rainbo'w     Division. 


214  Cannon  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Trenton,  Missouri,  October  13,  1890. 
Son  of  Richard  V.  Fox  and  Ida  Hock  Fox. 
Volunteered  April  7.  1917,  with  the  V.  S. 
Navy,   at   Indianapolis. 


PRIVATE  HARRV  FREDERICK 
M  Colun-bus  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  April  6.  1899,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Henry  and  Lena  Brinkman  Fred- 
erick. Entered  service  July  ,S.  1918.  with 
the    16th    Regiment.    20th    Company,    U.    S. 


PRIVATE  EDWIN  FREDRICKSON 
1110  West  William  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Fairmount,  Illinois.  Febru- 
ary 29,  1894.  Son  of  Andrew  Fredrickson 
and  Charlatta  C.  Anderson  Fredrickson. 
Volunteered  April  26,  1918,  with  Company 
C,  114th  U.  S.  Field  Signal  Battalion. 


ARTHUR  RAYMOND  FREEHALD, 
SEAMAX,  U.    S.   X. 
1011     Chandler     Street.     Danville,     Illinois. 
Born    February   5.    1900,    in    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.    Son  of  Arthur  C.  and  Lizzie  Bjrerly 

Company  J. 


rn  September  12.  1893,  in  Cumber- 

nty,  Illinois.     Son  of  Bertha  Smith 

Volunteered   November  8,    1913, 

U.    S.    Coast    Artillery,    3d    Com- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  D.  FUGATE 
310  Robinson  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  March  2,  1885. 
Son  of  J.  M.  Fugate  and  Martha  J.  Fugate. 
Volunteered  in  Regular  Army  in  1908.  Re- 
ceived honorable  discharge  and  re-enlisted 
May   10.    1918.   with   the   U.   S.   Army. 


PRIV.\TE  LESLIE  W.  FREXCH 
611    Grant    Street.    Danville.    Illinois.      Born 
in  Chicago.  Illinois,  in   1895.     Son  of  Wil- 
liam   French    and    Margaret    French.      Vol- 
unteered with  the  Marines  in  Company  69, 


PRIVATE  MONT.  FRENCH 
430  South  Washington  Avenue.  Danvill 
Illinois.  Born  February  20,  1891, 
Hoopeston,  Illinois.  Son  of  Leander  ar 
Mary  Solimon  French.  Husband  of  I' 
McVicker  French  and  father  of  Katherin 
Gladys,  Gordon  and  He 
ice  .April   1.   1918,  with 


PRIVATE  JAMES  H.  FRENCH 
627  Chandler  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  September  14,  1894.  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Anna  and  the  late  James 
French.  Entered  service  June  28,  1917, 
with  Company  D,  121st  C.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  FULLER 
212  Brvan  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  3.  1891.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  W.  A.  and  Maggie  Walker  Fuller.  En- 
tered service  with  Company  A.  3rd  Pro- 
visional   Battalion.   U.    S-    Engineers   Corps. 


PRIVATE  WILLIA.M  A.  FULLER 
212  Bryan  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  B 
April  4.  1894.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  : 
of  W.  A.  and  Maggie  Walker  Fuller. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  P.  FULTON 
616  Robinson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  June  1.  1894.  in  St.  James.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Eli  Hugh  Fulton  and  Mary  Whar- 
ton Fulton.  Entered  service  May  28.  1918, 
with  the  31st  Division,  Headquarters  De- 
partment,   I06th   U.    S.   Ammunition   Train. 


CORPORAL  ULEN  F.  FULTZ 
410  Chandler  Street.  Danville,  Illinoi. 
Born  January  25.  1898,  in  Ridgefarm.  Ill 
nois.  Son  of  Max  and  Josephine  Fult; 
Husband  of  Wilhelmina  Day  Fultz  an 
father  of  Winnefred  Fultz.  Volunteere 
March  30.  1917,  with  the  123d  U.  S.  M; 
chine   Gun    Battalion.   Company   D. 


1^ 


V  ^- 


Son  of  A.  M.  and  Ella  Gage.  V^olunteered 
in  August.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery,    Headquarters    Detachment,    67th 


PRIVATE  JOHN    C.    FUXK 

629  North  Bowman  Avenue.  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  August  1,  1898,  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Albert  S.  and  Lizzie  Long 
Funk.  Volunteered  June  23,  1918,  with  the 
16th  Recruit  Company,  U.   S.  Medical  De- 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  F.   FUXK 
1114     Sheridan     Drive,     Danville,     Illin 
Born    May    8,    1894,    in    Danville,    Illin 
Son    of   Albert    and    Elizabeth    Long    Funk. 
Husband    of    Esther    Rideout    Funk.      Vol- 
unteered June  15,   1918,  with  the  1 1th   Bat 
talion,    4th    Reg 
Field   A 


ry    A.     i: 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  S.  GAINES 
507  Ann  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Bo 
in  Douglas  County.  Illinois,  February 
1881.  Son  of  John  Gaines  and  Emma 
Suitt  Gaines.  Volunteered  in  July.  19 
with  Battery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artille 
Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  K.  GALBRETH 
1513     Russell    Avenue.     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born  March  3.  1895.  in  Parisville,  Indiana. 
Entered   service   August    6,    1918,    with   the 
U.    S.    Army. 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  LEE  GANNON 

PRIVATE   JAMES    VANCE    C.ARINGER 

PRIVATE    CURTIS    ADOLPH    GARNER 

713    East    South    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born    in    Cayuga,    Indiana,    July    4.    1895. 
Son    of    Stephen    A.    Gannon    and    Frances 
Elizabeth    Vickero    Gannon.        Volunteered 
in  1916.  with   Battery  A.   149th   U.  S.  Field 
Artillery. 

1317    McKinley   Avenue,    Danville.    Illinois. 
Born    May    27,    1894.    in    Chicago,    Illinois. 
Son  of  James  H.  and  Alta  Vance  Garinger. 
Husband    of    Lilv    Reynolds    Garinger    and 
father    of    Alta    Deane    Garinger.       Volun- 
teered  December    13,    1917,   with   the   U.   S. 
Aviation   Squadron. 

115     Indiana     Avenue,     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born    in     Polk    County.    Illinois.     May    3. 
1900.     Son  of  Stephen  H.  Garner  and  Alice 
Garner.      Volunteered    November    3.    1917, 
with   Company    H.   7th    U.   S.    Infantry. 

gie  Hickman  Garner.  Volun 
1917.  with  the  45lh  U.  S. 
rany   F.      Died   of   pneumoTi 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
MARTIN  J.  GASS 
119  Pine  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  3.  188b.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Levin  D.  and  Eva  Hulce  Gass. 
Volunteered  September  1,  1916,  with  the 
U.   S.   Field  Artillery. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
LEWIS  W.  GASS 
119  Pine  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
June  26,  1884,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Levin  D.  and  Eva  Hulce  Gass.  Vol- 
unteered August  17,  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Officers  Engineer  Corps. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  H.  GAY 
109  Avenue  G.  Danville.  Illinois. 
May  3.  1892.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
John  W.  and  Albira  LaFrance  Ga' 
tered  service  June  28.  1918.  with  th 
v.    .S.    Infantry.    Company    G. 


December  2b.  1880.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  the  late  Thomas  and  Margaret 
Gerctz.  Entered  service  June  28.  1918, 
with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry.  Company  L. 


Son    ol    Henry    George    and    Bt 

George      Volunteered    December    It), 

with  Company  I,  38lh  U.  S.  Infantry, 


ROBERT  EARL  GER.>iRD 
FIREMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
R.  F.  D.  No.  .■;.  Danville.  Illinois.  B.nn 
April  17,  1896,  in  Tilton.  Illinois.  Son  of 
Lauretta  Herren  Gerard  and  the  late  John 
Gerard.  Enlisted  July  15,  1918,  with  the 
U.   S.  Navy. 


SERGEANT  ROY  LYLE  GETMAN 
443  North  Jackson  Street.  Danville,  Illinoi 
Entered  service  April  28,  1918,  with  tl 
.i28th  U.  S.  Service  Battalion  Engineci 
Company  A. 


PRIVATE   GALE   R.   GIBSON 
R.  R.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  Ju 
3,    1897,    in    Hoopcston.    •" 
Fred  and  Dottic  May  Co( 
band   of    Helen    May    Martin    Gibson.     Vol- 
leered  July   1.";,   1917,  with  the  136th  U.   S. 
Infantry,     Company     L.        Honorably     dis- 
charged February  26,  1918. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  JOHN  GIDDINGS 
1424  Franklin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.  September  24. 
1892.  Son  of  Frank  A.  Giddinss  and  Mary 
Giddings.  Husba.id  of  Bcrnicc  Olmsted 
Giddings.  Entered  service  May  20.  1918, 
with    the     14th     U.     S.     Infantry.     Machine 


R.  R.  No.  2,  Danville,  I 
vember  17.  1888,  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
Df  Thomas  and  Ida  Wilson  Gillen.  Volun- 
teered April.  1917.  with  the  123d  U.  S. 
Machine    Gun    Battalion.    Company    D. 


n   July    10,    1900,    in    Danville.    Illinois, 
of  Lovell  and  Isa  Cass  Gillespie.     Vol- 

the   U.    S. 


FRANK  MARION 
SEAMAN.   U. 

GII.LIS, 

S.   N. 

;    No.  3.  Danville, 

'"f    Mathias^'at'td 
Enlisted  in  May, 

Illi 
Vet 

191 

nois.      Bor 
■milion,    Ir 

n  Sep- 
idiana. 
n    Gil- 
:    U.  S. 

PRIVATE  FORN  GILLIS 
anville.   Illinois.      Born   in    1898.      Son    of 
ovey  Gillis  and  the  late  Nancy  Jane  Self 
illis.       Volunteered    in     September.     1917, 
ith   the  U.   S.  Navy. 


Born  February  9,  1901.  Son  of  Hovey 
Gillis  and  the  late  Nancy  Self  Gillis.  Vol- 
unteered May  3,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Coast   Artillery   Corps,   Company   2. 


BURTON  CHESLEY  GILLETT, 
SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
904  Uodgers  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.    I 
February    22,    1899,    in    Watseka,    Illii 


PRIVATE  HENRY  iNEWTON  GILLUM 
R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  11.  1898.  in  Elliott  County,  Ken- 
tucky.     Son   of  Pleasant  and    Ellen   Creech 

with    tiie   2d    U.    S.    Infantry,   Company    d! 


PRIVATE  EARNEST  H.  GLADDEN 
West    Fourth    Street. 


llinois 

Born  January  22,   1895.  in  West- 
inois.     Son  of  Francis  M.  and  Jane 
Gladden.       Entered    service    June 

ille.  iiii 

lingan 

7,    191S 

1,    with    the    123d    U.    S.    Infantry. 

PRIVATE  WILLIAM  CLAVE 
201  Tyler  Strcft.  Danville,  Illinois.  1 
June  4,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  So 
William  and  Minnie  Crabbe  Clave, 
unteered  June  10,  1017,  with  the  19tl 
S.    Field   Artillery,   Battery   F. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  H.  GLASCOCK 
R.  R.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  No- 
ven-ber  11,  1893,  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Robert  C.  and  Flora  Rayphole  Glas- 
cock. Entered  service  May  24,  1918,  with 
the  U.  S.  Tank  Corps.  31oth  Company. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  AUGUST  CNADEN 
R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  14,  1897.  in  Centerville.  Iowa.  Son 
of  Augusta  Villars  Gnadcn  and  the  late 
William  Gnaden.  Volunteered  April  20. 
1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 
Battery  A. 


PRIVATE  GROVER  GNADEN 
R.  F.  D.  No.  i.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  1,  1890.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Augusta  Villars  Gnaden  and  the 
late  William  Gnaden.  Entered  service 
May  6.  1918.  with  the  .^8th  U.  S.  Infantry. 
Company  3. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  E.  GLEASON.  JR. 
3  North  Main  Street.  South  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  January  29.  1893.  in  Tilton. 
Illinois.  Son  of  Ed.  and  Addie  Ogdcn 
Gleason.  Volunteered  December  6.  1917. 
with  the  607th  U.   S.  Aero  Squadron. 


DUROC  GOLDEN 
Avenue.    Danville.    Illinois. 
,  18')7.  in  Wales.  Iowa.    Son 
nd    Emma    Cowler    Golden. 
Entered    service    in    May.    1918     with    the 
320th  U.  S.  Supply  Company,  I.  M.  C.  N.  A. 


PRIVATE   nil 
106    Minnesota    Av 
Born  March 
of    Rev.    W 


and    Emma 
n  July.   1917, 


RIVATE  JOHN    HEXRV   t 
Porter  Street,  Danville    III! 

OLDEN 

H£&^^cI^^N^°t?''l^^: 

KENNETH  EUGENE  GOODNER 

einber    15,    1894,    in    Altamo 

of   Harry   M.    and   Kathern 

Entered   service   June    3, 

21st    U.   S.  Infantrv.   Supplj 

°,"ilIinoL" 
Fritz   Gol- 

191 8.  with 
Company. 

409    North    Robinson    Street,    Danville,   Illi- 
nois.     Born    November    10,    1891,    in    Fort 
Worth,   Texas.      Son   of   Lyman   and   Dollie 
Crockett  Goodsell.     Entered  service  August 

1117    Harmon    Avenue.    Danville.    Illinois 
Son  of  Charles  Goodner  and  Cora  Goodner 
Volunteered  June  4,  1917,  with  the  2d  Sup 
ply  Train,  Company   B. 

■ith  the  U.   S    N 


ARCHIE  GOODWIN 
124  Indiana,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  June 
24,  1896,  in  i(Jewark,  Ohio.     Son  of  Jackson 

B.  and    Myrtle    Carter   Goodwin.      Entered 
service  in   February,    1918,  with   the  Y.   M. 

C.  A  ,    Physical    Instructor. 


LEWIS  E  GORE,  U.  S.  N. 
14  South  Buchanan  Street,  Danville, 
nois  Boin  Noveirber  1.  1890,  in  Danv 
Illinois.  Son  of  Arthur  J.  and  Vict 
Coalson  Gore.  Enlisted  June  3.  1918,  i 
the  Public  Work  Company  16,  now  Je 
ers  Department,  U.  S.  Navy. 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  GOVAN 

822  Vermilion  Street,  Danville.  Illinois, 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  May  19,  1897, 
Son  of  B.  H.  Cova.1  and  Ellis  Hollis  Govan 
Entered  service  Tune  23.  1916.  with  Bat 
tery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Rain- 
bow   Division. 


PRIVATE   ALBERT   A.   GRABS 

BENJAMIN    H.    GRAHAM, 

319  East  Van  Buren   Street.  Danville,   Illi- 

SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 

nois.      Born    March    30.    1895,    in    Danville, 
Illinois.       Son    of    William    F.    and    Anna 

17   South   Crawford  Avenue,   Danvill 

nois.      Born    April   23,    1888,   in    Covi 

Lang  Grabs.     Entered  service  June  3,  1918. 

Indiana      Hustiand  of  Lora  Jones  G 

with   the    1st  U.   S.  Cavalry  Band. 

Enlisted  June  4,  1918.  with  the  V.  S. 

PRIVATE   GLEN    E.    GRAHAM 
.=;27     Harmon     Avenue.     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born    August    1,    1897.    in    Atica.    Indiana. 
Son  of  Charles  and  Mattie  P.  Graham.     En- 
30,    1915,    with    Battery 


A,  149th  U.  S.  Field 


liller 


PRIVATE  BEK.NK'E  GRAVES 
R  R.  No.  I.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Oc- 
tober 23.  l»W.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Albert  and  Josephine  Ogden  Graves. 
Volunteered  May  111.  1917.  with  the  17th 
U.    S.    Cavalry.    Troop    B. 


PRIVATE  FRED  GRAVE:5 
R.  R.  No.  1,  Danville.  Illinois.  Br 
March.  1895.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  .^^ 
Albert  and  Josephine  Ogden   Graves 


PRIVATE  WILBUR  GRAVES 
R.  R.  No.  1,  Danville,  Ilinois.  Born  July 
25,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Albert  and  Josephine  Ogden  Graves.  Vol- 
unteered May  22.  1017.  with  the  1st  U.  S. 
Cavalry,  Supply  Train. 


r 


x_ 


PAUL  M.  GRANT,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
708  North  Jackson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  2,  1901.  in  Paris,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  F.  and  Nora  Hand  Grant  En- 
listed July  17.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 
Regiment   2.   Company    A. 


PRIVATE  BERT  GRAY 
1017  West  Williams  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois.  Born  in  Sidell,  Illinois,  December 
7.  1895.  Son  of  Frank  Gray  and  Lillie 
Harmon  Gray.  Volunteered  November  1, 
1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  HERMAN  A.  GREENAWALT 
530  East  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  January  6,  1893. 
Son  of  William  E.  Greenawalt  and  Ida 
Tash    Greenawalt.      Volunteered    May    18, 


ith    Company 


U.    S.    Engin 


CORPORAL  ROBERT  KENNETH  GRAY 
2101  Cannon  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  June  2  ,1890,  in  Sarnia,  Canada.  Son 
of  Joseph  W.  and  Beatrice  Powell  Gray. 
■•  ■  ■       ■      May.   1918.  with  the   U. 


PRIVATE    SANFORD 
125  Oregon  Sti^eet^  Danville,  Illinois.    Born 


Husband   of   Lena   Proct 
"'    ■  30,   1918. 
ompany   D. 


CLARENCE  LeROY  GRAY 
144    West    5ih    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  in  1894.     Volun- 
teered   May,    1918,   with    the    U.    S.    Naval 


RAYMOND  GREGORY, 
MUSICIAN,  U.  S.  A. 
1414  East  Main  Street,  Danville.  lUii 
Son  of  Oscar  and  Catherine  Broyiii 
Gregory.  Entered  service  May  28.  1 
with  Battery  F,  155th  U.  S.  Depot 
gadc,    10th    Company. 


PRIVATE 
CHARLES  DONALD  GREENMAN 
421  Gilbert  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
December  8.  1896.  in  Ann  Arbor.  Michi- 
gan.  Son  of  Charles  W.  and  Lottie  A. 
Greenman  Entered  service  January  14, 
1918,  with  the  113th  U.  S.  Engineers,  Com- 


JOSEPH  LEO  GREY,  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
634  Wellington  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  October  26.  1898,  in  Westville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Joseph  S.  and  Maggie  L. 
Haggerty  Grey.  Enlisted  July  18,  1918, 
with  the  U.   S.  Navy. 


CORPORAL    THOMAS    E.    GRIDER 


Illin 


Born 


206  Tyler  Street,  Danville 
in  Bismarck,  Illinois,  October  16,  1896. 
Son  of  John  Thomas  Grider  and  Emma 
Huffman  Grider.  Voluntered  in  1912.  Re- 
enlisted  November  9.  1915,  with  the_L.  S. 
Infant!  '  " 


U.    S. 


ifan 


sferred  to  Company  C,    16th 


PRIVATE  HOWARD  W.  GRIFFITH 
52  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
lorn  in  Danville.  Illinois,  December  20, 
899.  Son  of  Lin  H.  Griffith  and  Nannie 
leaton  Griffith.  Volunteered  in  February, 
916,  with  Conrpany  I;  transferred  to  Corn- 
any  D,  123d  U    S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion, 


PRIVATE  JOHN  HADDICK  GRIP 
202  Adams  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  December  2, 
Son  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Griffin  and  Ma 
Haddick  Griffin.  Volunteered  in  191t 
the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Batt( 
Rainbow    Division. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  H.  GIUFFITH 
452  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  10,  1895,  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Lin  H.  Griffith  and  Nannie 
Heaton  Griffith.  Volunteered  in  February, 
1914.    with    Battery    A,    149th    U.    S.    Field 


WILLIAM  GRIMES.  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
R.  R.  No.  2.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Theodore  and  Evelyn  Black  Grimes. 
Enlisted  November  19,  1917,  with  the  U. 
S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  FLOYD  A.  GRITTI 
1203  McKinlcy  Avenue,  Danville,  1 
Born  in  Collison,  Illinois.  Son  of 
and  Ida  G.  Gritten.  Entered  ser 
July.  1917.  with  Battery  A,  149th 
Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  JESSE  R.   GRITTON 
mi   Gilbert  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.    Born 
April  15,  1889,  in  Champaign.  Illinois.  Hus- 
band  of   .\bi    Miller   Gritton.      Volunteered 
in  julv,  l'»18,  with  the  V.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  S.  GRUNDEX 
624  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  7,  1898,  in  Ohio  City,  Ohio.  Son  of 
J.  C.  and  Nora  Kittle  Grunden.  Entered 
service  June  15,  1917,  with  Company  D, 
166th   U.    S.   Infantry. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  V.  GUTH 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Palmer,  Kan- 
sas, July  28,  1898.  Son  of  Carl  Guth  and 
Emma  Hueckstadt  Guth  Volunteered  De- 
cember 9.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Aviation 
Mechanic  Training  School:  transferred  to 
Company  A,  304th  U.  S.  Ammunition  Train. 


PRIVATE  ARTHLR  F  GCTHXECK 
fiOl  Commercial  Street,  Da.iville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  4,  1898,  in  Marshall.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Frank  H.  and  Katherine  M.  Dono- 
hue  Guthneck.  Volunteered  June  11,  1918, 
with   the   U.   S.    Medical   Corps,   Base    Hos- 


of  John  S.  and  N 
Entered  service  Ju. 
U.  S.  Railroad  Engi 


PRIVATE  LEWIS  HACKER 
1008  East  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born   November  28.   1892,  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois.    Son  of  Fred  T.   and  Freda  Hacker, 
red    service    June    3,     1918.    with    the 

--    -     -avair,  ^        " 


14th  U.  S.  Cav 


Machine  Gun  Troop. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  C.  HACKER 
1008  East  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  October  9,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Fred  T.  and  Freda  Hacker.  Vol 
unteered  May  20,  1918,  with  the  22d  U.  S. 
Engineers  Corps,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  WM.  HAGEN 
25  Alexander  Street,  Danville.  ininoi.s. 
Born  February  19,  1895,  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Husband  of  Opha  Parker  Hagen.  En- 
tered service  September  3.  1918.  with  the 
1st  Battalion,  Company  A,  5th  Ltd.  Serv- 
ice Regiment,    161st   U.   S.   Depot   Brigade. 


1^  ^  ^^ 

TONY  C.  HAHN.  U.  S.  N. 
1005  ;.i    Texas    Avenue.    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born    in    Danville.    Illinois.    February     1.5, 
1896.  Son  of  Jacob  Hahn  and  Marv  Kneidle 
Hahn.     Volunteered  Mav  4.   IQir.'uith  the 


PRIVATE 
HASLETT  I-KAXKLIX  HAHNE 
Elks'  Club,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Dan- 
ville,  Illinois,  March  13,  1894.  Son  of 
William  Hahne  and  Matilda  Herrick 
Hahne.  Volunteered  in  June,  1917,  with 
-  ■  ■  illery. 


LESLIE  C.  HAHNE.  U.   S.  N. 
Elks'     Club,     Danville.     Illinois.       Born     in 
Danville.    Illinois,    in     1895.     Son    of    Wil- 
liam   Hahne    and    Matilda    Herrick    Hahne. 
Volunteered  April  2S.   1918.  with  the  V.  S. 


WILLIAM    BKNXKTT    HALBERT, 

SERGEANT   JAMES 

HALEY 

PRIVATE    EARL    T.    HALL 

L.  S.   N. 
433    Hazel   Street,   Danville,   Illinois       Born 
in    Xelsonville.    Ohio,   July   22.    1893.      Son 
of  William  C.  Halbert  and  Hannah  R.  Hal- 
bert.     Volunteered  December  12,  1917,  with 

310   North   Vermilion   Street, 
nois.      Born    in     England.    1 
Son  of  Mary  Haley.®  Volut, 
1917,    with    the   I'.    S.   Coast 

,    Danville.    Illi- 
une     28,     1891. 
teered  in  June, 

214    Avenue    C.    Danville.    Illinois. 
October  5,    1899,   in   Danville,  Illinois, 
of    Charles    and    Myra    Taylor    Hall, 
tered  service  June  10,  1918,  with  the 
Motor  School,  Company  B,  Squad  3. 

Son 

En- 

U.  S. 

PRIVATE   EDWARD  M.   HALL 
303    Avenue    A,    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 
in    Hosier,   Illinois,   August   19,   1890.      Son 
of  F.   S.    Hall  and   Elizabeth   Neblock  Hall. 
Volunteered  March  5,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 


in  Danville.  Illinois,  June  23,  1895.  Son 
of  F.  S.  Hall  and  Elizabeth  Neblock  Hall. 
Volunteered  March  5,  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 


CORPORAL  FRED  ARCHIE  HALL 
R.  R.  No.  8,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Oc- 
tober 13.  1895,  in  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Moses  Hall  and  Sarah  Myers  Hall. 
Volunteered  June  2,  1917,  with  Battery  A, 
149th   U.   S.  Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Divi- 


PRIVATIC  MKLVIN  E.  HALL 
846  Oakwood  Avenue.  Danville.  lUin 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.,  November 
1896.  Son  of  John  Z.  Hall  and  Jei 
George  Hall.  Volunteered  January 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Signal  Corps,  Aviat 


PRIVATE  WALTER  L.  1 
9  VVesl  Davi.s  Street.  Danvillf 
Born  in  Wellington.  Illinois,  Jun 
Son     of    George    Allen     Hall 


SERGEANT    ERNEST   R.    HALLS 


18^^ 

East    Main    Street, 

Danville, 

Illi 

Son 

of    John    \V.    Halls 
with  Company  I, 

Voluntt 

1915, 

122d  Machine 

Company;  transferred  to 

D, 

U.  .S 

.   Machine  Gun   Battalion 

4  College  Avenu 

e. 

Danville,   I 

Ilinois. 

December  27,  181 

!i<i. 

Rankin, 

Illinoi 

of  Anna  Spickai 

rd 

Ha 

milton. 

Volui 

in    March.    1918, 

■ith 

the   U. 

S.    In 

Medical    Corps. 

Son   of   Thomas    Hancock 

Morgan  Hancock.  Volunteered  Sep 
19,  1917,  with  the  r.  S.  Infantry.  R. 
an    honorable   discharge   January    2(>. 


PR1V.\TE  OK\ 

•11, Li:   1 

IAN(  (HI 

R.  F.  D.   No.  'J.  Dan 

YlIK'.    Ill 

nu.is.      Bo 

rn 

Portland,   Indiana.   ( 

)clober 

s 

of  Thomas  Hancock 

and  Nob 

.Morgan 

H= 

cock.       Volunteered 

July      . 

;.    1917, 

Company    D.      12.!d 

r.    S. 

Machine 

G 

Battalion,      (..Slh      B 

rigailc. 

iid      Div 

V.  S.  Army. 

PRIVATE 
THOMAS  JEFFERSON  HANKS.  JR. 
433  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  November  28,  1886,  in  Coving- 
ton, Indiana.  Son  of  Thomas  Tefferson 
Hanks  and  the  late  Margaret  Welch  Hanks. 
Volunteered  December  27.  1917,  with  the 
318th  U.   S.   Engineers,  Company   E. 


PRIVATE   C 

lEORGE   E. 

HA> 

,'NAPPEL 

819    May 
May   29, 
of    John 
Entired 
pany  A, 

Stre 
1889 
and 

69th" 

el,    Danville, 
,   in    Danvilb 

■e^ySne'yr 
Engineers." 

Illi. 

e,    III 
;and 
1918, 

Ha'nil 
with 

Born 
Son 

To^n! 

PRIVATE  ALBERT  N.  HARDESTY 
000  Harmon  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Sorn  July  6.  1888,  in  Warren  County,  In- 
liana.  Son  of  William  N.  and  Elizabeth 
:.  Hardesty,  Entered  service  May  21, 
918,  with  the  Headquarters  Company,  37th 
J,  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  RAYMOND  HARPER 
105  East  Davis  Street,  Danville,  Illii 
Born  January    19,    1894,   in   Wingate,   ) 


ndi- 


Son  of  Cha 
Harper.  Husband  of  Nellie  Wurstbaugh 
Harper  and  father  of  Douglas  Leon  Harper. 
Entered  service  June  24,  1918,  with  the 
3u9th  U.  S.  Ammunition  Train,  Company 
B.   84th    Division. 


EARL  WILLIAM  HARPER,  U.  S.  N. 
119  Bensyl  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Veedersburg,  Indiana,  August  17,  1897. 
Son  of  James  Harper  and  Erma  Bool  Har- 
per. Volunteered  January  5,  1915,  with 
the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  L.  HARPER 
407  Sherman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December.  1889,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Add  and  Adeline  Harper.  Entered  serv- 
ice June  28,  1918,  with  the  124th  U.  S. 
Infantry,    Supply    Company. 


PRIVATE 
FOREST  GLENN  HARKRIDER 
15  Robinson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
1  Hoopeston,  Illinois,  January  28,  1896. 
on  of  Louis  and  Jennie  Harkrider.  En- 
ured service  April  31,  1918,  with  Com- 
any  C,  17th  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  FAY  T.  HARRIMAN 
1022  Harmon  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  June  17,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Louis  E.  and  Lily  M.  Cramer  Har- 
riman.  Husband  of  Jennie  Frere  Harri- 
Volunteered  June    1,   with   Company 


A,  9th  Division,  U. 


Milita 


Poli( 


SERGEANT 
LLOYD  E.  HARSHBARGER 
1105  Sherman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  October  3,  1889,  in  Bement,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Albert  H.  Harshbarger  and  Eva  A. 
Coffin  Harshbarger.  Husband  of  Velma  B. 
Wilson  Harshbarger.  Entered  service  with 
Company  E,  4th  U.   S.   Training  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  HART 
314  South  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi 
nois.  Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  Februarj 
17,  1896.  Son  of  James  Hart  and  Maggii 
Luddy  Hart.  Volunteered  January  23 
1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Department 
Aviation  Corps. 


PRIV.\TE  LESLIE  E.  HARTER 
409  Cunningham  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  March  22,  1894,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Wilson  and  Ida  Wynn  Harter.  Vol- 
unteered May  20,  1917,  with  the  149th  U. 
S.    Supply   Company,   Battery  A. 


HARRY  HARTSHORN.  U.  S.  N. 
1102  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
,n  Oro  Dell.  Iowa,  February  28.  1892.     Son 
of  John  G.  Hartshorn  and  Minnie  Shepherd 
Hartshorn.       Volunteered     in    July,     1917, 


ith    the    Naval    Re 


PRIVATE 
WILLIAM  JAMES  HATFIELD 
R.  R.  No.  2.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville,  Illinois,  April  13,  1890.  Son  of 
Charles  C.  Hatfield  and  Mary  Hatfield.  Vol- 
unteered May  3,  1918.  with  Company  5, 
U.   S.  Coast  Artillery.   Recruit  Department. 


PRIVATE  CARROLL  M.  HATFIELD 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville,  Illinois,  July  3,  1896.  Son  of 
Charles  C.  Hatfield  and  Mary  Hatfield. 
Volunteered  November  4,  1917,  with  the 
210th   Squadron,  U.   S.  Air  Service. 


CHARLES    P.    HATFIELD, 
FIREMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
.     No.     2,     Danville,     Illinois.     Born 
anvilk-.     Illinois,     January     13,     1894. 
f  Charlf.  C.   llatfickl  and  Mary   Hat- 
Husband  „f  Junnif  Sands  Hatfield  and 

of  tlfnr^iH  Haltifld.     Volunteered  in 

I'llS.    with     Cnmlianv    1,     10th     Rcgi- 

U.    S.    .Navy. 


MILLER  HAWKINS.  GUNNER.  C.  S.  N. 
210  Jackson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  27,  1899,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Thomas  and  Katherine  Powell  Hawkins. 
Volunteered  June  21,  1918,  with  the  Aero 
Department,    U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE 

;    ELROY   T.    HAWKINS 

HAROLD  ROY   HATHAWAY, 

;     Kint;.l.i,r 

Avmuf,     Danville.    Illinois. 

SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 

ni    ill     Tlaii' 

.  ill^,    Illinois,   April    16,    1896. 

716     Vermilion     Street,     Danville,     Illinois. 

n     ,.1      Will 

nn     \l,     Hawkins    and    Laura 

Born  July  9,    1895.      Son   of  John   M.   and 

\  "Imiteered  in   1915,  with 

Effic     Cameron      Hathaway.        Volunteered 

.^.  Field  Artillery.  67th 

June  3,   1918,  with  the  L^  S.   Navy. 

PRIVATE 

LANTA 

C. 

HASTINGS 

514     Sherman 

Street, 

Danville 

,     mil 

: 

Born    October 

21,    189! 

n    Dan 

ville. 

iiii: 

nois.     Son  of 

Lou  and 

'bi 

ive   H. 

Hasti 

Entered    servii 

:e    May 

22, 

1918, 

with 

the 

304th   U.   S.   B 

attalioit. 

Coi 

Tipany 

A. 

CORPORAL 
GEORGE  WASHINGTON  HAWORTH 
134  Logan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  24,  1896,  in  Georgetown,  Illinois, 
Son  of  Morris  C.  and  Sallie  Dillon  Ha 
worth.  Volunteered  May  2Z.  1917.  with 
Troop  B.  17th  U.  S.  Cavalry. 


PRIVATE  JONATHAN  D.  HAWORTH 
134  Logan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  14,  1892.  in  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Morris  C.  and  Sallie  Dillon  Haworth. 
Husband  of  Beatrice  Rettich  Haworth  and 
father  of  Catherine  Livingston  Haworth. 
Entered  service  June  9,  1918,  with  tb« 
U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  BENJAMIN  E.  HENDERSON 
502  Gilbert  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Vol- 
unteered March  31,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Marines,  5th  Regiment,  49th  Company. 
Killed  in  action  June  6.  1918,  in  the  Bat- 
tle of  the  Marne. 


FRANK  X.  HECHT, 

MECHANIC,    U.    S.    N. 

34   Schultz   Street,  Danville,  Illinois.    Born 

January  28.    1889.     Son  of   Frances  Hecht. 

Enliste'd  June  5,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


Texas.  Husband  of  Laura  Woodward  Hedg- 
peth  and  father  of  Ruth  Hedgpeth.  En- 
tered service  June  28.  1918.  with  the  106th 
U.  S.  Supply  Train. 


PRIVATE  WILBER  HENDERSON 
East  3d  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
jvember  16.  1886,  in  Georgetown.  Illi- 
is.  Son  of  John  T.  and  Sarah  B.  Ben- 
tt  Henderson.  Entered  service  in  April, 
18.    with    the   63d    U.    S.    Infantry,    Com- 


CLARENCE  S.   HENDERSON, 
RADIO.   U.   S.   N. 
Spring   Glenn,    Danville.   Illinois.      Bo. 

September.   1898.  in  Chii  

of  Dr.  H.   ~ 


r.  H.  S.  and  Martha  Springer  Hender- 
Enlisted  in  July.  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 


PRIVATE 
JOSEPH  THOMAS  HENDERSON 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  22,  1896,  in  Canada.  Son  of 
Jas.  Henderson.  Entered  service  April  5, 
1918,  with  the  68th  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery 
Corps,  Battery  D. 


Danville,    Illi- 


nois.      Born  July  2.  1886.  in  Danville.   Illi- 
nois.     Son    if    Thomas    B.    and    Maria    E. 

in   Pal 

of  J. 

Hendrickson.     Entered  service   in   October, 

Hend, 

1917,  with  Company  E.  309th  U.  S.  Ammu- 

Hendi 

nition   Train,   84th    Division. 

1918, 

PRIVATE 
LESLIE   GUY    HENDRICKSON 
Dakota  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
Illinois.  June    10.    1897.      Son 


CORPORAL  PAl-L  B.  HENDRICKSON 
1211  Dakota  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Palestine,  Illinois.  October.  1896.  Son 
of  J.  P.  Hendrickson  and  Ethlinda  Martin 
Hendrickson.  Volunteered  in  April,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Department, 
129lh    U.    S.    Infantry. 


ARTHUR  C.  HENDRIX, 

YEOMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
St    Main    Street.    Danville,    Illii 


1917,   with   the  U.   S. 


CURPURAL 
WILLIAM  H.  HENTHORNE 
1337  Polk  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Grant  Henthorne.  Volunteered  June  13. 
1912.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy.  Received  a 
medical  discharge  and  after  six  months 
joined  the  U.  S.  Army,  September  6,  1917. 
with    Company    5,    U.    S.    Coast    Artillery 


fa!. 


ct_ 


Mh 


PRIVATE  JOHN  HERDER 
1112  Wabash  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  April  6.  1894.  in  Peoria.  Illinois.  Son 
of  John  Herder.  Husband  of  Carrie  Myers 
Herder.  Volunteered  August  1,  1918,  with 
the  121st  U.  S.  Infantry,  31st  Division, 
Company  C. 


PRIVATE  HAROLD  E.  HESLIP 
1.1  Indiana  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  B( 
in  St.  Louis.  Missouri.  February  16.  18 
Son  of  Joseph  Heslip  and  Edith  Bosv 
Heslip.  Volunteered  in  June.  1917.  « 
the  U.   S.  Signal  Corp>. 


MALCOLM  F.  HESLIP.  U.  S.  N. 
Indiana  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Be 
St.  Louis.  Missouri.  October  .11.  18 
n    of   Joseph    Heslip    and    Edith    Bos« 


BERNARD  CHARLES  HIGGINS. 
U.  S.  N. 
410  Van  Buren  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  April  23.  1891. 
^P'K9f  Patrick  C.  Higgins  and  Margaret 
M.  Higgins.  Volunteered  June  Ki,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE    ER.NEST    HEUER 
North  Martin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Stepsoii   of  Clinton   Shelby 


7.  1918.  with  the 


PRIV.\TE  ARLIE  J.  HESS 
R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Sidell,  Illinois,  December  30,  1896.  Son 
of  John  Hess  and  Malinda  J.  Hess.  Vol- 
unteered June  1.  I91S.  with  the  51st  U.  S. 
C-oast    Artillery.    Battery    D. 


U.   S.   Engineers,   Co 


SERGEANl 

AL\ 

A  ROBERT 

HICKMAN 

44  Bismarck 

Strec 

t.  Danv 

lie,  11 

inois 

Born 

in     Danville 

Illi 

lois,     J 

nuary 

17, 

1894. 

Son  of  Hira 

m  D. 

Hickm 

Martha  F. 

Griner  Hickman. 

Volume 

ered"ir 

191 

the  U.  S.  Ar 

illcry 

.  transferred t 

Bat 

eryA. 

149th   U.    S. 

Field  Artille 

ry,   67th   B 

igade. 

42d  Division 

P^-.  .^*;ll 


SERGEANT  ASA  HIRAM  HICKMAN 
44  Bismarck  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  January  17,  1894.  Son 
of  Hiram  D.  Hickman  and  Martha  E. 
Griner  Hickman.  Volunteered  in  1911,  with 
Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
67th  Brigade,  42d  Division,   Rainbow  Divi- 


1 


PRIVATE   PAYGE   HIGH 
940    North    Jackson    Street,    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.     Born    December    10,    1897,    in    Dan- 
riUe,    Illinois.      Son    of  John    and    Lida    B. 
ered  February  4,  1918, 


lyge  High 
ith  the  U. 


CLARENCE  C.   HILL, 
MARINE,   U.   S.   N. 
628  Green   Street,   Danville,  Illinois.     Bo 
April    U,    1896,  in   Danville,   Illinois.      Si 
of    William    R.    and    Minnie 
Enlisted    November    10,    1917, 
S.   Navy;    t 


veil    Hill, 
h   the   U. 
ferred  to   the  Marines. 


PRIVATE    HOWARD    HICKMAN 


Born 


1202  Gilbert  Street.  Danville, 

in  July,   1895.     Son  of  Oscar  Hickman  at 

Edna  Hickman.     Volunteered  in  July,  191 

with  Company  D,   123d  U.  S.  M     '  ' 

Battalion. 


Gun 


SERGEANT    FRANK    HICKMAN 

1202  Gilbert  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  March  22,  1894.  Son 
of  Oscar  Hickman  and  Edna  Hickman. 
Volunteered  in  June,  1916,  with  Battery  A, 
149th  U.  S.   Field  Artillery,   Rainbow  Divi- 


JOSEPH  HIGGINS,  SEAMAN,  U.  S 
15  North  5th  Avenue,  Danville,  Illii 
Born  May  29,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illii 
of  John  ). 


PRIVATE  MICHAEL  lllCJGINS 
Danville,   Illinois.      Born  in    1899.      Son   of 
-    J.   Higgins.     Volunteered  with   Company 
■'    "     Infantry. 


T^S 


PRIVATE    BERT    HILL 
R.  R.  No.   1,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  Ja 
uary   24,   1900,   in  Glenburn,   Illinois.      S< 
of     Sherman     Hill     and    the    late     Franc 
Jones    Hill.      Volunteered 


'ith  the  V.  S.  Co 


iller: 


PRIVATE  DWIGHT  HILL 
322     Cherrv     Avenue.      Danville.     Illinois. 
Born  in   18^)7,  in   Dwight.   Illinois.     Son  of 
Samuel    Hill.      Volunteered   in   June.    1918. 
with  the   U.  S.  Coast  ArtiUerv. 


PRIVATE  HALLIE  \V.  HILL 
19  Indiana  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois  Born 
April  14.  1897.  in  Ccntralia.  Illinois.  Son 
of  John  and  Eva  Carpenter  Hill.  Entered 
service  in  September.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Engineering    Corps.    Company    H.    5th    Bat- 


n 


PRIV.\TE  RUSSELL  F.  HILL 
312  Vermilion  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
3orn  in  Cairo,  Illinois.  January  26.  1895. 
ion  of  F.  L.  Hill  and  Jennie  E.  Brooks 
iill.  Volunteered  in  June.  1917.  with  Bat- 
ery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  Rain- 
low   Division. 


pRQ 


PRIVATE 
LOriS  RAVMIJND  HILLEARV 
R.  R.  No.  1.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
June.  1888.  in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois. 
Son  of  George  R.  and  Arvilla  Coldwell 
Hilleary.  Entered  service  June  26,  1918, 
with   the   U.    S.    Engineers   Corps. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  R.  HILLEARV 
R.  R.  No  1.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  March 
10,  1890,  in  Vermilion  County.  Illinoi.s. 
Son  of  George  R.  and  Arvilla  Coldwell 
Hilleary.  Entered  service  May  27,  1918, 
with  the  149th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Compa 


of  Abraham  and  Phoebe  Willoughby  Hock- 
enberry.  Volunteered  in  1916.  Honorably 
discharged  and  re-enlisted  in  August,  1917, 
with   the    149th   U.   S.   Field  Artillery.   Bat- 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 

PRIVATE    BENJAMIN    HINES 

WALLACE  CLARK  HIXOX 

22  Michigan  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 

Soldiers'     Home,     Danville,     Illinois.     Born 

in    Brocton,     Illinois,    February    20,    1891. 

October  1,   1893,  in  Topeka,   Kansas.     Son 

Son  of  Robert  H.  Hines  and  Martha  Hincs. 

of      William      Foster      and      Adelia     Jones 

Volunteered  March  16,  1917,  with  the  123d 

Hixon.       Entered    service     September     19, 

V.   S.    Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

1917,    with   the    74th    U.    S.    Infantry,    24th 

Brigade. 

CORPORAL  FAY  HINES 
22  Michigan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Newman,  Illinois,  December  18,  1894. 
Son  of  Robert  H.  Hincs  and  Martha  Hines. 
Volunteered  in  1915.  with  Company  D, 
123d  U.   S.   Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE    WILLIAM    HENRY    HORR 

20y  Ea5t  North  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  8.  18<)5,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Allen  Louis  and  Margaret  Camp- 
bell Horr.  Husband  of  Hazel  Horr.  Vol- 
unteered with  the  2lloth  U.  S.  Aero  Squad- 


JOSEPH  PORTER  HOCK,  L 
11   Grant  Street,  Dai 


unc  30,  1890.  Son 
Elizabeth  Wieland 
909,  with  the  U.  S. 


PRIVATE 
CARNEY   FRANKLIN   HILTON 
414  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.    Bon 
February    12,    1887,    in    Kirncy,    Nebraska 
Son    of    George    and    Rosa    Swank    Hilton 
Volunteered  June  26,   1918,  with  the  U.  S 


PRIVATE  JOHN  F.  HOFFMAN 
122  Oregon  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  B 
July  31,  1891,  in  Lafayette.  Indiana.  ! 
of  Joseph  P.  Hoffman.  Entered  ser\ 
August  31,  1918,  with  the  163d  U.  S. 
pot    Brigade,    Company   61,    16th    Battali 


of  Dr.  O.  C.  and  Lucy  Castle  Hole.  Hus- 
band of  Inez  Gass  Hole  and  father  of  Inez 
Marie  Hole.  Volunteered  December  17. 
1918,   with   the   U.   S.   Medical   Department. 


PRIVATE  FRANCIS   L.   HOLLAND 

71  S  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Oklohoma,  in  1897.  Son  of  Mary  Hol- 
land. Volunteered  in  January,  1918,  with 
Company  10,  4th  Regiment,  U.  S.  Aviation 
Motor  Mechanics. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  F.  HOLLER 


Husband 

of  Pauline  Hasting  Holler.  Entered  serv- 
ice Tune  3,  1918,  with  Company  G,  8th 
U.   S.  Battalion. 


PRIVATE   JOHN    K.    IIOLMi:;S 
407    West    Madison    Street,    Danville, 
nois.      Born    August    3,    1895,    in    Danv 
Illinois.       Son     of     Grant     and     Jessie 
Holmes.  Entered  ; 
the    310th    U.    S. 
Company    B. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  KINDALL  HOOTON 
Danville,    Illinois.      Born    in    Danville.    Illi- 


149th  U.   S.  Field  Artillery. 


(if  John  Hoiycross  and'  Emma  Myer-^ 
cross.  Volunteered  in  April.  1917 
Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Ar 
transferred  to  Headquarters  Coi 
149th    U.    S.    Field   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  J. 
.!07  Jackson  Street.  Danvill. 
in  Perrysville.  Indiana.  Sepi 
Son  of  John  Holycross  an. 
Holycross.  Volunteered  in  A 
with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Fiel 
(j7th  Brigade.  42d  Division. 


PRIVATE  ROSCOE  V.  HOOTON 
713  North  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  August  3,  189.5,  in  Cayuga,  In- 
diana. Son  of  Reason  and  Frances  M. 
Sagooto  Hooton.  Volunteered  April  7,  1917. 
with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  WILLARD  HOWES 
826  East  Harrison  Str 
Born  in   Kentucky,   ir 


PRIVATE    REYMON    HOWE.'- 


Son  of  Alv 
Volunteere 
110th    U.    S 


PRIVATE  JOHN  HENRY  HOUSER 
936  Chicago  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinoi 
Born  August  -',  189.=;.  in  Ceorgelown.  Ill 
..nic  Son  of  Jefferson  and  Tamer  Smil 
Husband   of   Lulu   Butts   House 


Son  of  George 


PRIVATE    DON    DcLEE    HOSKINS 
R.    No.    7.    Danville.    Illinois.      Born    Tune 
6.  1896.  in  Henning.  Illinois.     Son  of  J.  R. 
and    Alice   J.    Fairchild    Hoskins.      Entered 
service    October    21.    1918.    with    the    V.    S. 


PRIVATE  NORMAN  D.  HOSKINS 
17  North  Main  Street.  South  Danville,  Illi- 
nois, Born  February  1,  1899.  in  Brockton, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  A.  and  Jessie  C. 
Clarke  Ho.skins.  Volunteered  June  24.  1918. 
with  the  U.  S.  Heavy  Artillery.  68th  Regi- 


PRIVATE  H.  H.  HUFFMAN 
20     Virginia     Avenue.     Danville,     Illinois. 
Son  of  Mrs.  James  Huffman.    Entered  serv- 
ice April  30,  1918,  with  Company  H,  357tli 
U.   S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  BENJAMIN-  A.  HUFFMAN 
R  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  February  \S.  1888. 
Son  of  P.  W.  Huffn-an  and  Mary  Ellen 
Huffman.  Entered  service  February,  1918, 
with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE 
EVERETT  ABRAHAM  HUFFMAN 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  22,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Cornelius  and  Sarah  Cloud  Huff- 
man. Entered  service  June  26,  1918,  with 
the  34th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  I. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  HUDSON 
212  Sidell  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  IS,  1893,  in  McCune,  Kansas.  Son 
of  James  and  Lizzie  Carter  Hudson.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  123d 
U.  S.  Infantry,  31st  Division,  Company  D. 


Born  December  24,  1894.  in  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Robert  Huffman  and  May 
Vanvickle  Huffman.  Volunteered  May  7, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  WILLIAM  HUFFER 
616  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  13,  1889,  in  Rossville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  A.  and  Dorabell  Cook  Huffer. 
Husband  of  Bonnie  Barcus  Huffer.  En- 
tered service  August  1.  1918,  with  the  122d 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  L,  31st  Division. 


PRIVATE   FRED  A.   HUFF 
Corrinnc     Street,     Danville,     Illinoi 
March  3D,  1891,  in  Salina,  Ohio.    Hu 


F,   U.   S.   Infantry. 


PRIV.ATE  THEODON  HRONOPOULOS 
903  Norman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
September  10,  1890,  in  Pcrgo,  Greece.  Hus- 
band of   Dcmopoulos  Panageota   Hronopou- 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  IIUCKSTADT 
1014  Texas  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  28,  1886,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Ricka  Wendt  Huckstadt  and  the  late 
August  Huckstadt.  Entered  service  June 
28.  1918,  with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Company  H. 


PRIVATE  ANDREW  J.  HUGHES 
709  Sheridan  Street,  Danville.  Illino 
Born  Tune  1.  1894,  in  Potomac.  Illino 
Son  of  Freeman  Hughes.  Entered  servi 
February  2S.  1918,  with  the  47th  U. 
Infantry.  Company   H. 


Son  of  0\ 
21.  1917.  w 
;.  S.  Engine, 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  L.  HUGHES 
116  Warington  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  January  26.  1896,  in  Mark  Center, 
Ohio.  Son  of  George  L.  and  Lottie  Daw- 
son Hughes.  Entered  service  May  24,  1918, 
with  the  153d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  H. 


PRIVATE  RALPH  C.  HUGHES 
115  Oakwood  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Hoopeston.  Illinois.  February  25. 
1896.  Son  of  Charles  Hughes  and  Laura 
Ogden  Hughes.  Volunteered  December  12, 
1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Aviation  Corps;  trans- 
ferred to  the  271st  U.   S.  Aero  Squadron. 


February  12.  1889.  in  Clinton,  Illinois. 
Daughter  of  Samuel  D,  and  California 
Bordner  Huston.  Volunteered  May  26. 
1918,  with  the  Base  Hospital  Foreign  Serv- 


PRIVATE  L(H  l.s  1.  lUMl'.M 
1001  East  Main  .Str^u,  li.n.i.ik.  Ilhum- 
Born  May  29,  ISN'i,  m  1  ii,li.,,i.,.  S..ti  .,i 
William  and  Ricka  Felseiihaucr  Humble. 
Husbarid  of  Helen  Moses  Humble.  En- 
tered service  Tune  27,  1918,  with  Company 
A,  334th  U.   S.   Infantry,  84th  Division. 


PRIV.VTE  FR,\NK  M.  HUMMER 
598  Kimball  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  4,  1891,  in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  John  W.  and  Cassie  Mack  Hummer. 
Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  Com- 
pany A,   69th   U.    S.   Engineers. 


PRIVATE  IR.\  VENNIE  HU.NT 
106  East  Seminary  Street.  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  Novem- 
ber 6,  1885.  Son  of  Richard  Hunt  and 
Sidney  A.  Hunt.  Entered  service  May 
23.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  EDGAR  G.  HUNTLEY 
901  Norman  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Anderson,  Indiana,  November  2,  1893. 
Son  of  Georce  E.  and  Mary  A.  Huntley. 
Volunteered  in  April,  1912,  with  the  U.  S. 
Cavalry;  transferred  to  Wagoner  Supply 
Troop  76,   U.   S.   Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  O.  HVMER 
R.  F.  D.  No.  1.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
March  14,  1889,  in  Glenburn.  Illinois.  Son 
of  John  William  and  Laura  Willetta  Pear 
son  Hymer.  Entered  service  in  September, 
1917,   with  the   131st   U.   S.  Infantry,  Com- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  N.  HVMER 
10J4  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  4,  1902,  in  Chicago  Heights, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Willis  and  Ida  Hymer. 
Entered  service  August,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Army. 


1900.      Son    of    Willis    P.    Hyr 


PRIVATE  EPHA  T  JACKSON 
36  Wisconsi,n  Street,  Dan\ille,  Illiii 
Born  June  24,  1895,  in  Ycddo.  Indn 
Son  of  Mary  M.  Jackson.  Entered  ser 
June  28,  1918,  with  the  8th  Company, 
S.    Divisional    Battalion. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  M.  INMAN 
601  Sheridan  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  24.  1893.  in  Kentucky.  Son  of 
William  and  Martha  A.  Inman.  Entered 
service  June  4,  1918.  with  the  21st  U.  S. 
Infantry.   Company   D. 


HARRY  H.  INMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
57  Lake  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  November.  1899. 
Son  of  Mrs.  Ella  Inman  Powell.  Volun- 
teered September  29.  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Navy,   Company   A.    11th   Regiment. 


CLYDE  J.  IRWIN.  FIREMAN,  U. 
936  Cunningham  Avenue,  R.  R.  No.  1. 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  May  30.  1897. 
in  Paulding,  Ohio.  Son  of  John  J.  and 
Sarah  E.  Rose  Irwin.  Enlisted  July  II. 
1918.  with  the  365th  Company,  Unit  J,  U. 


ADLIE  ISAACSON. 
PHARMACISTS   MATE.   U.   S.   N. 

Sherman     Street.     Danville.     Illinois. 

•n    October    17.    1894.    in    Danville.    Illi- 

s.     Son  of  Victor  and  Anna  M.  Ander- 

Isaacson.      Volunteered    December    17, 

7.  with  the  V.  S.  Hospital  Corps,  U.  S. 


PRIVATE  SAM  HARRIS  ISKOVICH 
457  Jackson  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  20,  1889,  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  Iskovich.  Volunteered 
with  Company  A,  302d  Battalion,  U.  S. 
Heavy  Tank  Corps. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  F.  JARLING 
121(1  Wabash  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  July  16,  1892.  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Fred  and  Minnie  Meinke  Jarling. 
Volunteered  Tune  17,  1918,  with  the  101st 
Spruce  Squadron,  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE 
lOSEPH    WILLIAM    JACKSON 

\„rtl,      la.-k-un     .Si 

i.ft.    Danville.    11 
l-M.    in    Vermilic 

u      1,'lk.-      J.,l!.-.,:,, 

if    t'.eorge    B.    at 

Husband   of   Mi 

...1     and    father  ; 

PRIVATE  CLARENCE  D.  JAMESON 
R.  R.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Sep- 
ten  her  7,  1886,  in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Sou 
of  James  E.  and  Irene  Pardee  Jameson. 
Volunteered  June  28,  1918,  with  the  lOhth 
V.   S.   Engineers,   Company   D. 


PRIVATE  COMER  A.  JENKINS 
101  Stewart  Street,  South  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  August  28,  1887,  in  Danville. 
Illinois.  Son  of  Alban  and  Lena  Keoepke 
Jenkins.  Entered  service  June  3,  1918.  with 
the  21st  U.   S.   Infantry.   Company   E. 


PRIVATE  LLl 
412   South    Main    stieu 
Born  October  2^    ! 
nois.     Son   of   II 
Jarvis.      Husban  i  i 

2d  Company,   li  1       I 


Bo>„ 

'D^^mbe 

r    7,    1886,    ir 

,   Danvill 

e,    Illi- 

Son  of 

Richard  and 

Frances 

Wald- 

smhh 

Jeffries 

Volunteei 

red      Apr 
Field  Ar 

il      2.i, 

1917, 

with  the 

149th  U.  S. 

tillery, 

Battery  A. 

PRIVATE  DON  A.  JENKINS 
501  Franklin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Bor 
February  8,  1893.  in  Rochester,  Indian; 
Son  of  Eliza  Jenkins,  Volunteered  i 
April,  1918,  with  the  151st  V.  S.  Field  Ai 
tillery,   Ordnance   Department. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  L.  JENKINS 
318  Van  Buren  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  January  10,  1895,  in  Streator,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  L.Jenkins  and  Anna  Haw- 
thorne Jenkins.  Entered  service  .\ugust  19, 
1917,  with  the  Machine  Gun  Company,  39th 
U.   S.  Infantry. 


PRIV.XTE  JOHN   LLOYD  JENKINS 
318    Van    Buren    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born  in  Streator.  Illinois,  August  30,   1897. 
Son    of   Johii    L.   Jenkins   and    Anna   Haw- 

pany  C.  I'.  S.  Machine  C.un  Battalion. 


608  South  Buchanan  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  April  11.  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Charles  F.  and  Jane  McReynolds  Johns.  Enlisted 
April  26,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy  as  Assistant 
Pay-Master. 


■'Si 


ugust   7,    1918,  with   the  8th 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  JOHNHOLTZ 
104    Porter    Street,    Danville.    Illinois  Born 

July  29.  1888,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Husband  of 
Mary  Ordner  Johnholtz.  Entered  service  June 
28,  1918,  with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 
pany I. 


SERGEANT  PAUL  HENDRICKS  JOHNSON 
15  Fifth  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Columbia,  Mississippi,  February  25,  1890.  Son 
of  M.  S.  Johnson.  Husband  of  Agnes  Higgins 
Johnson.  Volunteered  December  11.  1917,  with 
Company  A,  52d  U.  S.  Ammunition  Train,  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


1231  North  Oak  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  16,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Laura  Elliott  Johnson.  Enlisted  August  5,  1918. 
with    the    364th    Company,   Battalion  N,lU.  S. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  HENRY  JOHNSON 
1030  Cleveland  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  15,  1888,  in  Nclsonville,  Ohio.  Son  of 
Henry  A.  and  Mary  E.  Houston  Johnson.  En- 
listed December  11,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Aviation 
Corps. 


SERGEANT  RAYMOND  D.  JOHNSON 
604  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
December  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Louis  H.  and  Sarah  R.  Johnson.  Entered  service 
in  March,  1916,  with  Battery  D,  Ist  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery 


PRIVATE     HARLAN     RAY     JOHNSON 


Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Ogde 
13,  1887.  Son  of  Thomas  C.  Jo 
E.  Taylor  Johnson.  Entered  si 
17,1917,  with  the  U.S.  Army. 


nois.  March 
September 


PRIV.\TE  HOWARD  C.  JOHNSON 
105    Payne    Avenue,     Danville,    Illinois.     Born 
July  13,  1899,  in  Kansas.     Son  of  James  W.  and 
Jessie  B.  Johnson.     Entered  service  July  29,  1918, 
with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery,  15th  Company. 


PRIVATE 

RICHARD  HENDERSON  JOHNSON 

214    Robinson    Street,    Danville.    Illinois.     Born 

August   20,    1895,   in    Danville,    Illinois.     Son   of 

Johnson. 


.  Regin 


:  Supply  Corps. 


PRIVATE  EVERETT  JOHNSON 
919  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  7,  1891,  in  Centerville,  la.  Son  of 
G.  W.  and  Emma  West  Johnson.  Entered  service 
May  15,  1918,  with  the  22d  U.  S.  Engineers,  Com- 
pany G. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  LOY  JOHNSON 
919  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.    Born 
Februarv  14,  1896,  in  Coatsville,  Missouri.     Son 
of  G.  W.  and  Emma  West  Johnson.    Volunteered 


PRIWVrE  ERNEST  LE  ROY  JONES 
'06  Cunningham  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  26.  1887.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Malinda  Russel  Jones  and  the  late  James  Jones. 
Volunteered  May  27,  1918,  with  the  60th  U.  S. 
Engineers,  Company  A. 


CAPTAIN  RALPH  W.  JONES 
409  Vermilion  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  February  13,  1894.  Son  of 
Dr.  Stephen  W.  Jones  and  Flora  Timmons  Jones. 
Volunteered  January  9,  1917,  with  the  Officers 
Reserve  Corps,  Quartermasters  Department. 
Now  on  General  Staff. 


MAJOR  BURT  TIMMONS  JONES 
407  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Catlin,  Illinois,  July  3,  1878.  Son  of  Dr.  Stephen 
W.  Jones  and  Flora  Timmons  Jones.  Husband 
of  Ada  C.  Jackson  and  father  of  Mary  M.  Jones. 
Volunteered  October  27,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Quartermasters  Department. 


CARL  SUMMERAL  JONES,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  July  18, 
1895,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Clark  S.  and 
Lillie  Smith  Jones.     Enlisted  January  16,  1918, 

with  the  U.  S    Navy. 


PRIV.VIE  CLARK  O.  JONES 
707  Railroad  Street,  South  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  2,  1897,  in  South  Danville,  Illinois  Son  of 
James  M.  and  Lizzie  Jones.  Volunteered  May  27, 
1918,  with  the  6l8t  Regiment,  8Ist  Division,  27th 
Supply  Company,  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  D.  STEWART  JONES 
itation  C,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  January  3, 
894.  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Charles  A.  and 
:iizabeth  Jones.     Entered  service  July  31,  1918, 
/ith  the  U.  S.  Engineers. 


PRIVATE  FRED  JONES 
199  North  Collctt  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
November  10.  1891.  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son  of 
W.  M.  and  Minnie  A  Humble  Jones.  Entered 
service  June  27.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Automo- 
bile Division,  Company  7(X 


PRIVATE  PORTER  JONES 
199  North  Collett  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.     Born 
April  12,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  W.  M. 
and  Minnie  A.  Humble  Jones.     Volunteered  Apnl 
12.  1917.  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Bar- 


PRIVATE  EDWIN  EUGENE  JONES 
920  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Decatur.  Illinois,  December  23,  1895.  Son  of 
Frank  Elmer  Jones  and  Annie  M.  DeFratur  Jones. 
Volunteered  May  17.  1918.  with  the  6th  U.  S. 
Engineers. 


PRIV.\TE  FRED  JONES 
R.  R.  1.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  May  28.  1890. 
in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Albert  and 
Mary  McKinney  Jones.  Entered  service  April  3, 
1918,  with  the  68th  Regiment,  Battery  E,  U  S. 
Heavy  Artillery. 


Artillery 
Field  An 


nois,  December  21,  1892.  Son  of 
Volunteered  in  1916  with  the  U.  S. 
nsferred  to  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 


PRIV.\TE  JOHN  PAUL  JONES 
1111  Grant  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
.Vlilford,  Illinois,  September  28,  1896.  Son  of 
Luther  L.  Jones  and  Jessie  Jones.  Entered  ser- 
vice April  29.  1918.  with  Company  M.  349th 
V.  S.  Infantry,  transferred  to  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 1st  Battalion.  35Slh  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  RALPH  A.  JONES 
111  East  Bridge  Street,  South  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  Aupust  16,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son 
of  Edmond  P.  and  Bell  Reese  Jones.     Volunteered 
'       1.  1918,  with  the  75th  Regiment,  Battalion 


ad  An 


ery. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  G.  JONES 
201  Sixth  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Octo- 
ber 1,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  Ed. 
and  Nettie  Watson  Jones.  Entered  service  June 
28,  1918,  with  the  1st  U.  S.  Replacement  Engin- 
eers, Company  H. 


PRIV.ATE  WILLIAM  W.  JONES 
902  Oakwood  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  24.  1895,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
William  and  Mary  Walker  Jones.  Entered  ser- 
vice September  19,  1917,  with  the  163d  U.  S. 
Infantry.  Company  L. 


ALBliRT  D.  JLDD.  SKAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1  South  Beard  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  E 
March    18.    1891,    in   Je 


PRIVATE  MARK  C.  JUVINAL 
312  Grant  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  July  8. 
1890,   in    Collison.    Illinois.     Son   of  Henry   and 
Hettie  Juvinal.     Entered  service  June   15.   1918, 
n-ith  Company  A,  4th  Regiment,  llth  U.  S.  Bat- 


PRIVATE  CLAUD  H.  KEERNS 


ercd  in  May,  1918.  with  the  4th  U.  S.  Cavalry. 


PRUATE  G1.E\  E.  KEERXS.  U 
Rural  Route  No.  8.  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  .May 
19,  1887,  Son  of  Silas  and  Margaret  Hain  Keern 
Enlisted  July  29,  1918,  with  the  U. 
Company  293. 


M.  C. 


Marin 


PRIVATE  NORAL  S.  KEESLAR 
R.  R.  N'o.  i,  Danville.  Illinois.     Born  September 
25,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  George  F. 

and  Ric 

5.  1917,  1 
Detachm 


PRIVATE  VVILBERT  C.  REISER 

PRIV.\TE  CLAUDE  DOUGLASS  KELLANS 

BAND  MASTER  ARTHUR  M.  KELLOGG 

3.34    Harmon    Avenue.    Danville.    Illinois.     Bern 

932  Hazel  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.     Born  Se( 

June  20,   1894,  in  St.   Paul,  Minnesota.     Son  of 

1,  1894.     Son  of  Thomas  Kellans.     Entered  ser- 

tember 12    1880,  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana.     Sc 

Charles  F.  and  Sadie  Huelster  Reiser.       Entered 

vice  in  June.  1918,  with  the  V.  Training  School. 

of  Harry  \V.  and  Adelaide  Eaton  Kellogg.      Ei 

service    April    29.    1918.    with    the    360lh    U.    S. 

tered    service   August   5,    1916.     Honorably    di 

Infantry. 

charged  Decembe.   10.  1917. 

CAPTAIN  IRA  D.  KKLSHEIMER 
Chester  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  May  2S. 
1880,  in  Edgar  County,  Illinois.  Son  of  GeorRe  N. 
and  Matilda  A.  Sudduth  Kelsheimer.  Husband 
of  Dessie  Dickerson  Kelsheimer  and  father  of 
Mildred  Kelsheimer.  Entered  service  January  8, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps,  Regiment 
Infirmary  No.  3. 


Illinois,  February  6.  1896.  Son  of  Hen 
and  Mary  Meinke  Kemna.  Entered  f 
30,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


CORPORAL  HE.VRV  KEMNA 
R.  F.  D.  6,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville, 
Illinois,  November  8,  1893.  Son  of  Herman 
Kemna  and  Mary  Meinke  Kemna.  Volunteered 
October,  1916,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry.  Trans- 
ferred^to  123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  JACOB  C.  KENDALL 
1109  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois,  March  28,  1883.  Son  of 
Enos  Kendall  and  Sarah  Jane  Kendall.  Volun- 
teered in  April,  1918,  with  Company  IS,  U.  S. 
Quartermasters    Department. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  KENNEDY 
818'North  .Martin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.    Borr 


'ith  the    26  Infantry, 


PRIVATE  \"K  niK  L.   kl  WEY 
1105     Grant     Street.      I).nx,ll,-,      Illinois.     Born 

August   14,   189U.   in   Kansjs.     S >f  John  and 

Laura  Kenney.     Entered  service  .\ugust  1,  1918, 
with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


ARISTA  V.  KERBY.  INSTRUCTOR,  U  S.  N. 
1013  North  Pries  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
July  27  1895.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Henry 
I.  and  Mary  L.  O'Neal  Kerby.  Volunteered 
May  7.  1918,  with  the  Rifle  Range.  Company  B. 
U.  S.  Navy. 


'^^  w 


uamm' 


'jij 


m  England.  Son  of  John 
mode.  Volunteered  in 
Motor  Truck  Co.  401 


PRIV.ME  ALBERT  KESTER 
R.  F.  D.  No.  3.  Danville.  Illinois.   Born  Nove 
17,  1895,  in  Bismark,  III.     Son  o(  Samuel  P. 
Elizabeth    J.    Eaglin    Kester.     Entered     se 
April  26,  1918,  with  the  32(,lh  U.  S.  Supply  ( 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT  FRED  O.  KESTER 
612  Cunningham  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
May  19,  1899,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Frank  Kester  and  Cynthia  Ann  Kester.  Vol- 
unteered  October  4,  1916,  with  the  152d  U.  S. 
Depot  Brigade. 


22,  189S.  Son  of  William  H. 
L.  Moroney  Kieran.  Volun- 
15,    1917,    with    Company  A, 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  ANTHONY  KIERAN 
318  Oak  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  August 
29,  1897,  in  Decatur,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  H. 
and  Mary  L.  Moroney  Kieran.  Volunteered  Tunc 
25.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Engineer  Corps. 


PRIVATE   HARLEV    WAYNE    KILBOURNE 

PRIVATE    ROY   L.    KILGORE 

R.  F.  D.  No.  6,  Danville.  III.      Born  February  5, 
1894,   in    Danville,    111.     Son   of   William   J.   and 
Minnie    C.    Valentine    Kilbourne.     Entered    ser- 
vice June  26,  1918.  with  the  l.!th  Regiment,  U.  S. 
Supply  Company.  F.  A.  R.  D 

514  Griffin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born  Jan- 
uary   1,    1887.   in   Georgetown.    Illinois.     Son   of 
Robert    M.    and    Mary    Louise    Briles    Kilgore. 
Entered  service  June  28.  1918.  with  the  122d  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Company  F. 

PR1V.\TE  EARL  L.  KING 
34  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  July  25,  1894.  Son  of 
Thomas  L.  King  and  Effic  Nicholson  King. 
Volunteered  April  6.  1917.  with  Battery  A.  149th 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  E.  KING 
108  Bremer  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
March  24.  1888.  in  Gessic.  Indiana.  Son  of  Daniel 
and  Mahalia  Shoot  King.  Husband  of  the  late 
Elizabeth  Helms  King  and  father  of  Daniel 
King.  Entered  service  in  September.  1918.  with 
the  I6th  U.  S.  Recruiting  Company.  2d  Battalion, 
Replacement  Troop. 


ELLSWOR- 

IH   R. 

KINC;.  SEAMAN, 

,  f.  S.  N. 

108     Bremer     Street,     Danville, 
March    28,    1899,    in   Tuscola. 
Daniel  and  Mahalia  Shoot  King, 
ber.  1917.  with  the  L.S.  Navy. 

Illinois.      Born 

Illinois.     Son    of 

Enlisted  Octo- 

PRIVATK  GEORUli  WILLIAM  KING 
939    Hazel    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.     Born    in 
Danville.  Illinois.  January  7,  1890.     Son  of  Wil- 
liam A.  King  and  Ida  M.  King      Entered  service 
in  April.  I91S,  with  Company  L,  3d  U.  S.  Engin- 


CORPORAL  FRED  THORNTON  KING 
939  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville.  IMinois.  April  13.  1896.  Son  of  William 
\.  King  and  Ida  M.  King.  Volunteered  April, 
1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67th 
Brigade.  42d  Division,  Headquarters  Division. 


SERGEANT  FRANK  ALLEN  KING 
939  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
Danville,  Illinois,  April  27,  1893.     Son  of  Willii 


PRIVATE  PAUL  E.  Kl 
604  West  H:,rrison  Street,  Danville,  : 
January  17,  1894,  in  Toledo,  Ohio 
R.  and  Ada  B.  King.     Entered  se 
1918,  with  the  2d  Contingent.  U.  S 


Son  of  Edward 


18,  1895.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Ferdinand  and  Hanna  Engle  Kirchoff.  Entered 
service  in  June,  191S.  with  the  121st  U.  S.  Infantry. 

PRIVATE  AUGUST  KIRCHOFF 
1013     Gregg     Street,     Danville,     Illinois.     Bern 
July  25,  1893.  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Ferd- 
inand and  Hanna  Engle  KirchofT.     Entered  ser- 
vice in  June,  1918.  with  the  123d  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIV.VrE  JOHN  CURTIS  KI.WV 
1 202  West  Williams  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  12.  1889,  in  Danville,  Illinois  Son 
f  John  M.  and  Eva  Kinny.  Husband  of  Ethel 
D.nman  Kinny.  Entered  service  June  28,  1918, 
■.villi  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Corns.  Instructor 


CORPORAL  LESLIE  K.  KIRKPATRICK 

1 1  West  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  15,  1897,  in  Collison,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Clinton  and  Ida  Kirkpatrick.  Entered  service 
May  27.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


.S.  l.S'lr,.  in  AuMriaHungary.  Son  of 
and  Mary  Oravec  Yuhas.  Entered 
■  April  1,  1918,  with  (he  2d  Battalion, 


^uXi'uiiAL  i,L  V  I.  KITCHEN 
413  North  Jacks-m  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
August  28,  1894.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
J.  H.  and  Lue  Fendley  Kitchen.  Volunteered 
April  27, 1917.  with  Battery  A.  Headquarters  Com- 
pany. I49th  U.  S.  Field  ArtUlery. 


PRIVATE  i;ari,k  kiskr 

116  Cronkhilc  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  26.  1900.  in  West  Lebanon.  Indiana. 
Son  of  Harvey  and  Elizabeth  Brown  Riser.  Vol- 
unteered April  12.  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Ar- 
liMery,  8th  Company.  Honorably  discharged 
February  21,  1918. 


PRIV.ATE  JOHN  KISER 
116  Cronkhite  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
June  12.  1896.  in  West  Lebanon.  Indiana 
of  Harvey  and  Elizabeth  Brown  Kiser.  ' 
teered  May  12.  1917,  with  the  5th  U.  S. 
Artillery  as  Mechanic. 


RUSSELL  ABRAHA.M  RISER 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
R.  F.  D.  No.  5.  Danville.  Illinois.     Born  December 
27.   1896.  in  Metcalf.   Illinois.     .Son  of  William 
C;.  and  Hannah  Smick  Kiser.     Enlisted  July  23, 
I91H.  with  the  U.S.  Navy. 


CORPORAL  IRANK  KI.AM.W 
R.  I-.  D    H.  B-.x  Ui.  Hc.-lcr.  Illinois.     B'.rn  Sep- 
icmbcr    19.     1896.    in   Win.ma.    Illinois.     Son  of 
Paul  P.  and  Sophia  Cazpski  Klaman.    Volunteered 
June  28.  1917,  with  the  I7th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 


CORPORAL    HENRV    lll.R.MAX    KI, 

R.  F    D.  No.  .■;,  Danvillr..  I is.      li-.rn  Arri! 

1891,  in  Rileysburg.  In.li.ina.  S'ni  of  Joseph  a 
Elizabeth  Uphoff  Kleiner.  Husband  of  Ha; 
Winifred  Martin  Kleiner.  Entered  service  Ju 
26.  1917,  «ith  the  1 1th  U.  S.  Ammunition  Tra^ 


SERGEANT  RONALD  C.  KLEM 

S06  Hazel  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Indiana.  March  II.  1897.  Son  of 
I.  E.  Klem  and  Inez  M.  Klem.  Volunteered  in 
1915,  with  Company  D.  12.id  U.  S.  Machine  Gun 
Battalion,  33d  Division 


PRIVATE  JOHN    CHARLES   KNO.X 
123     Logan    Avenue.    Danville.     Illinois.     Born 
in   Oakwood.    Illinois.   March   25.    1892.     Son   of 
Charles  N.  and  Ella  Foi  Rnoj.     Volunteered  Mav 
:i.  1918.  withthcUthU.  S  Infantry. 


PRIVAIL  CHARLES  E.  KOCH 
502  Collctt  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  Dec- 
ember 3,  1891,  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Elizabeth  J.  Smith  Koch.  Volunteered 
March  IS.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment as  Mechanical  Engineer. 


PRIVAI  E  KRNESr  KOCH 
915   Perrysville  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinoi 


STEPHEN  L.  KOCUREK,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1512  Franklin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Son  of  Paul  and  Eliza- 
beth Kocurek.   Volunteered   in    December,  1917, 


WALTER  C.  KOEH.M,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1701  East  English  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Boi 
August  13.  1895,  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
John  and  Johanna  Schultz  Koehn.  Enlisted  Ja 
uary  28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIV.ATE  CLE\ELAND  KOLB 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  November  25,   1894,  in 
Hoopeston,  Illinois.     Son  of  Henry  Kolb.       En- 
tered service  May  21.  1918,  with  the  14th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  L.  KRAMER 
610  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  July 
17,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Lawrence 
and    Catherine    Diet/.    Kramer.     Entered    service 
lune  10.  19IS.  with  the  Tank  Corns.  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  KUEMMERLE 
422  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville.  Illinois,  August  4,  1887.  Son  of  Fred- 
erick Kueramerle  and  Mary  Burrow  Kuemmcrle. 
Entered  service  January  3.  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Signal  Corps.  Second  Depot  Battalion. 


PRIV.ATE  ARTHUR  F.  KRA.MP 
1017   East   Seminary   Avenue,    Danville,   III 
Born  December  7.  1892,  in  Da 
of  Carl  and  Caroline  Lembk( 
service  June  28,  1918, 
Train,  Company  A. 


lie.  Illh 

Lramp.     Entered 
th  the  106th  U.  S.  Supply 


PRIVATE  ED.  J.  KUEMMERLE 
422  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  Ma 
13,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Frederic 
and  Mary  Burrow  Kuemmerle.     Entered  servic 
June  28,  1918.  with  Company  F,  122d  U,  S.  Ir 


PRIV.ATI-    WIMO  ALDEN  LA  B.\W 
402    Robin'ion    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.     Born 
August  13,  1893,  m  Fountain,   Indiana.     Son  of 
Samuel  and  Eli/a  Sands  La  Baw.      Entered  ser- 
vice June  28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Engineers  Corps 


fille,  Illinois,  May  23.  1884,  Son  of  Frederick 
nmerle  and  Mary  Burrow  Kuemmerle.  Voi- 
ced August  15,  1913.  with  the  U.  S.  Coast 


ERNEST  WILLIAM  KUEMMERLE 

■l'l\  \  1  1     <  i-i    M'     i      M  K.MMERLE 

PRIVATE  HERALD  LAFFERTY 

SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 

102   Walnut   Street,    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 

727  South  Street,  Danville    Illinois       Born  in 

M.irch    u!  IS'i'l,  ,n  U..nville;  Illinois.      Son  of 
William   J.    Kuemmerle  and  Louisa  Staudcn- 
mayer   Kuemmerle.      Entered  service  June  .?, 
1918.  with  the  U    S.  Infantry. 

March  14,  1900,  in  Watseka,  Illinois.     Son  o 

Danville,     Illinois,    June    22,    1895.      Son    of 

Otto  and   Fredericka   Mayer   Laffcrty.     Vol- 

William  I    Kuemmerle  and  Louisa  Stauden- 
mayer     Kuemmerle.     Volunteered     June     21, 
1916,  with  the  U   S.  Navy. 

unteered  in  April,  I9I7,  with  the  I49th  U.  S 
Field    Artillery,   42d    Brisadc,   67th    Division 

PRIV.XTE  FREDERICK  D.  KRUGER 
18  Virginia  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.      Borr 
in   1892,  in   Dubois,  Pa.      Husband  of  Sophi: 
Reed  Krugcr.      Entered  service  May  .10,  I9I8 
with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  RICHARD  E.  KRUGER 
Danville,  Illino 
Pennsylvania.  S. 
iger.  Entered  S( 
2IstU  S.  Infanti 


718  Cleveland  Aven 
Born  in  1894,  in  DuB 
of  Frederick  and  Jane  Krugo 


PRIVATE  HARRY  F. 
627  Grant,  Street,  Danvil 
September  21,  1891,  in  I 
Son  of  James  and  Emma 
Entered  service  Septembei 
Company  A,  5th  U.  S.   Reel 


CARROL  LAIRD.  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 

Born  0°ct"ober2I,  1897, 'in  Danvilli.  Illinoi 
Son  of  Louis  and  Carrie  Laird.  Enlisti 
May  22,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Naval  Forces 


CORPORAL  EDWARD  L  LAIRD 
953  North  Gilbert  Street,  Danville.  Illino 
Born  August  U,  1890.  in  Danville,  Illino 
Grandson  of  Mr.  and  Mrs  J.  H.  Laird.  E 
tered  service  in  May,  1918,  with  the  68th  U. 
Infantry,  Company  D. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  F.  LAKE 


29,  1892,  in  Bismark, 
•8  and  Ellen  Jolly  Lake. 

28,  1918,  with  Comp 
'B.  M    U.  S.  Army. 


a  Peters  LaMar  and  father  of  Dorothv 
LaMar.  Volunteered  Mav  20.  1918. 
he  68th   U.   S.   Engineers,   Company  A 


PRIV.ATE  EUGENE  SARGENT  LAMM 
1105  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  26,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Edward  C.  and  Edith  Elliott  Lamm.  Vol- 
unteered October,  1917,  with  the  20th  U.  S. 
Engineers,    Second    Battalion,    Company    D. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  LAPPIN 
425  South  Washington  Avenue.   Danville,  Il- 
linois.     Born    January    2,     1895,    in    Sidney. 
Illinois.     Son    of     Robert    and    Sarah    Webb 
Lappin.      Entered  s 


U.  S. 


Con 


PRI\^\TE  HARRY  LANG 
.^22  Plum  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  20.  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Ferdinand  and  Lena  Wallin  Lang.  Entered 
service  June  28.  1918.  with  the  123d  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Company  F. 


CORPORAL  OTTO  \V.  LANG 
522  Plum  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Boi 
April  6,  1896,  in  Danville,  III.  Son  of  Fen 
inand  and  Lena  Wallin  Lang.  Volunteere 
May  13.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Depar 
ment.  Division  Mod.  Supply  Unit. 


PRIVATE  MERLE  A.  LARGENT 
803   Gilbert   Street,    Danville,    Hlinois.      Bo 
July    31,    1891.    in    Sidell,    Illinois.     Son 
George  and   Lena   Largent.      Entered  servi 
May  28.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Officers  Trainii 


BUGLER    FRED  L.  LARSON 


1908,   with 
:  20,  1917.  with  Comp 
,  U.  S.  Army. 


LAWRENCE    A.    LARSON 

PRIV.^TE 

SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 

WALTER  ANDREW  N.  LARSON 

936  North  Robinson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 

1123  North  Robinson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois 

Born  June  9,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son 

Born    December  24,    1891,   in   LaFayette.   In 

of  Edward   and   Ida   Hammerstrand   Larson. 

diana.     Son  of  Andrew  and   Sophia   Larson 

Enlisted  July  23.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

Volunteered    June    15.    1918.   with   the    U.    S 
Auto  Train,  Rake  Auto  School 

CARL  LASCH.  BOILERMAN.  U.  S.  N 

1617  East  Fairchild.  Danville,  Illinois.  Bo: 
December  25.  1894,  in  Mobly.  Missouri.  S( 
nf  Bernhard  Lasch.  Enlisted  with  the  U. 
Navy 


ERNEST  OTTO  l.ASCH.  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1710  East  Fairchild  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois 
Born  February  18.  1896,  in  Moblv,  Missouri. 
Son  of  Barney  K.  Lasch.  Enlisted  May  .S. 
1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


HARRY  LASH.  SEAXLVN,  V.  S.  N. 
912  East  Fairchild  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois 
Born  August  1,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illinois 
Son  of  John  and  Dora  Meyer  Lash,  En 
listed  January  2,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navv 


S90  in   Poland.     Son  of  Joseph   Laski.      En- 
ilion,  21st  U.  S.  Inf.-intry. 


iorn  November  27.  1893. 
is.  Son  of  Fred  C.  and 
IS  Lautenslager.  Volun- 
teered June  25,  1917.  with  the  162d  U.  S. 
Depot    Bricade.   7th   Company,  2d    Receiving 


PI.EAS.WT    \1K\V    LAW 
+0.!     North     Ha/.el    Street.     Danville, 
ay  16,  1889,  in  Chicago,! 

4ry%!'"l918 
U  S.  Public  Works, 


SERGEANT  CARL  A.  LAWHEAD 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  De- 
cember 29,  1894,  in  Ogden.  Illinois.  Son  of 
Charles  and  Amelia  Vest  Lawhead.  Volun- 
teered June  29,  1918,  with  the  318th  U.  S 
Salvage  Company,  Tank  Corps. 


PRIVATE     WILBUR     LAWRENCE 
Danville,  Illinois.     Born  in  1896,  in  Potomac. 
Illinois.     Son  of  William  and   Artie   Paulson 
Lawrence.     Entered     service     in     September 
1918,  with  the  5yth  U.  S.  Ambulance  Corps. 


SERGEANT 

FREDERICK     W.     LAWRENCE 

907 H  Jewell  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born 

in   Grant   Park,    Illinois,   September  8,    1898, 

Son  of  Herman  Lawrence  and  Elizabeth  Law- 


WILLIAM  N.  LEE,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
,,!4  Wellington  Street,  Danville,  Illino 
Born  February  7,  1885.   in  Vermilion   Count 


106  Cronkhite  Street 

Da 

nville. 

Illinois. 

Jorn 

December 

13,    1895, 

Walto 

Son    of   J 

mes    T.    a 

nd 

Irene 

Williams 

Lee. 

Entered  i 

rvice  May 

27 

1918, 

with  the 

July 

Chauffeur 

Detachm 

Block    1-10,    U 

S. 

PRIVATE  LAWRENCE  LEHNEN 
25  Cronkhite  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  B 
December  30,  1893.  in  Danville.  Illin 
Son  of  George  and  J.  Lehnen  and  Cathei 
Schingel  Lehnen.  Entered  service  in  Ji 
1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Repair  Unit. 


PRIVATE   EDWARD  LEHNERT 

Junction      Avenue,      Danville,      Illin. 
n  February  28,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illim 


PRIVATE  ROY  C.  LEMMON 
I  North  Gilbtrt  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
rn  December  14,  1895,  in  Veedersburg.  In- 
na.  Son  of  William  Lcmmon.  Entered 
vice  June  8,  191S,  with  the  21st  U.  S.  In- 
itry,  Headquarters  Company 


PRIVATE  JAMES  LENOX 
917  North  Clay  Street,  Danville,  Illinois,  Born 
February  24.  1897.  Son  of  Harry  and  Myrtle 
Henderson  Lenox.  Husband  of  Gertrude  V. 
Dodson  Lenox.  Entered  service  August  27, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Engineers,  5th  Battery, 
Company    K. 


tercd  service  June  3.  1918.  with  the  2l8t  U.  S. 


^^1 

•wTii. 

^L^^^^'f 

-  ;^H 

SERGEANT 

^DWARD    C. 

LESCH 

734    Ea 

t    North 

Street, 

Danvi 

le.     Illinois. 

Born    in 

nIr-alU 

,    Illino 

S.      Sor 

of   George 

Lesch  a 

Lesch. 

Volun 

teered  with 

Battery 

A,  149th  U    S.  Fi 

Id  Art 

llery.  Rain- 

bow     Di 

uly  27.  1890,  in  Germany. 

laryLesnak.  Husband  of  Margar 
Entered  service  May  31.  1918.  witt 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  F. 


TOP  SERGEANT 
EDWIN  WALTER  LESLEY 
Rural  Route  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois,  September  6.  1893.  Son 
of  J.  C.  Lesley  and  Sarah  Hulcc  Lesley.  Vol- 
unteered in  February,  1913,  with  Company 
D,   123d  U.  S.   Machine  Gun   Battalion. 


Son  of  Lena  Kickbush  l.evercnz  .iiij  tlic  late 
Charles  H.  Leverenz.  Entered  service  June 
28.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Receiving  Ward,  Com- 


PRIVATE  LEWIS  H.LEVERNZ,  U.  S.  M.  C. 
831  East  Main  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  26,  1899,  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Richard  Levcrnz  and  Emma  Miller  Lcv- 
ernz.  Entered  service  April  12.  I9I7.  with 
the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps. 


PRIVATE   EUGENE   H.    LEWIN 
S3(l  GrefTC  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born  i 
Perrysville,  Indiana,  January  21.  1894.      So 
of  John  C.  Lewin  and  Mary  Lewin.      Vol, 


PRIVATE  PEARL  LEWIN 
830  Gregg  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Perrysville,  Indiana,  October  19,  1899. 
Son  of  John  C.  Lewin  and  Mary  Lewin.  Vol- 
unteered November,  1917,  with  the  620th 
U.  S.  Aero  Supply  Squadron. 


August  10,  1893. 

Volunteered  in   1900  a 

1916,  with    Battery 

149th  V.  S.  Field  Artille 


k,? 


IM<i\.\TE  GEORGE  T.  LEWIS 

i'RIVATE   JEAN    LEWIS 

_„      1    ,us      Lane,      D,.nville.     Illinois.      Born 
Uuuarv    16,    1900,    in    Warren    County,    Ky. 
Son  of  John  W.  and   Barbara  Osborn  Lewis. 
Entered  service  April  29,  1918,  with  the  349th 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Supply  Company. 

202  South  Jefferson  Street,  Danville, 
BornJulyl8,  1886,  in  Danville,  mine 
of  Morgan  and  Mary  F.   Bates  Lewi 
unteered    February    8.    1918.    with    t 
Battalion,  Hospital  Train  36. 

PRIVATE  VERLIN 
817  Grant  Street,  Danvill, 
August  I.  1887,  in  Georgetov 
band  of  Ora  May  Lewis  and 
Raymond  Lewis.  Entered 
1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Aviat 
Aero  Squadron.  Field  2. 


her  of  Charles 
vice  April  10, 
Corps,    217th 


PRIVATE  ANDREW  J.  LIGGETT 
912  East  Fairchild  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  10,  1894.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Nancy  Layton  Liggett. 
Husband  of  Helen  Lash  Liggett  and  father  of 
Lorraine  Liggett.  Entered  service  June  28. 
191H,   with   the    12.1d   U.   S.    Infantry.   Com- 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  E.  LINCK,  V.  S.  M.  C. 

PRIV.VIE  CARL  G.   LIND 

1 106  East  Seminarv  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 

614   Logan   Avenue,    Danville,  Illinois.      Born 

Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  May  14.  1899.     Son 
of  P.  C.  Linck  and  May  Linck.      Volunteered 

lune  20,  189^  in  Danville,  111.     Son  of  Charles 

F      and    Justina    Lind.      Entered    service    in 

July  >0.  1917,  with  the  First  Aviation  Squad- 

March,  1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S.   Field  Ar- 

ron, U.  S.  M.  C. 

tillery,  Company  A. 

^ ^     -V  , 


PRIVAIL    WALILR    LIXNE 
Danville,  Illinois.      Born  in  Danville,  lllii 
August   U,    1892.     Son   of  Jacob   Linne 
Anna  Swartz  Linne.      Volunteered  March 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


SERGKA.\T  ROSS  ALBERT  LIVENGOOD 
606  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  5.  1X91,  in  Piatt  County,  Illinois.  Son 
of  MoUie  Tucker  Livcnsood  and  the  late  Elias 

M.  Livcnp.  ,1  I  hi. 1,  ,1,1  ,if  Lola  M.  Brace- 
well    I.iv.  I  ,  I      ■         I    service    April    29, 


m  i 


CORPORAL    LLOVU     I.O.NC; 
Danville,  Illinois.     Born  in  Georgetown  Town- 
ship,  Illinois,  January  29,  1897.     Son  of  Wilber 
Long    and    Lottie    LonR.     Volunteered    Dec- 

■        •-    'th  the  U.  S.  Signal  Corps, 

273d  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


1917,  . 


1918,  ' 


Detachment  Ser- 


CADET  DONALD  R.  LLOYD 
239  South  Griffin  Street.  Danville,  II 
Born  April  17,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illinois, 
of  D.  E.  and  Anna  Jones  Lloyd.  VolunI 
in  June,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Light  Art 
Company  15. 


BASIL   LLOYD   LOGSDON 

SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
consin  Street.   Danville,   Illinois.     Born 
sas,   February    14.   1S9S.      Son  ..f  Nap- 
lonapart  Logsdon  and  Belle  Berry  Logs- 


NAPOLl-.ON  lid 
18  Wisconsin  Strci 
April,  1894,  in  C 
Napoleon  Bonapa 
Entered  service  with  the  74th  U.  S, 


le,  Kansas.  Son  of 
Bell  Berry  Logsdon. 
"■■■■"■    fantry. 


\RL  D.  LONG.  GUNNER.  U.  S.  N. 
17  North  Gilbert  Street,  Danville.  Illinois, 
.rn  in  Hoopeston,  Illinois,  August  U.  1894. 
n  of  William  A.  Long  and  Daisy  C.  Long, 
.lunteered  December  12.  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  J.  LLEWELLYN 
15  South  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  27,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Lew  and  Elinor  Llewellyn.  Volunterced 
June  3,  1918,  with  the  13th  Regiment,  Com- 
pany  H. 


PRi\.\rE   R.W.MOND  O    LONG 
90S  Robinson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born 
October  27,  1900,  in  Danville,  Illinois.     Son 
of   Everett  and    May    Moore    Long.     Volun- 
teered January  21.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Medi- 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  ANDREW  LONG 
1027  Oak  Street,  Danville,  Illinois  Born 
September  6.  1894,  in  Rocksbury.  Missouri. 
Son  of  James  Andrew  Long  and  husband  of 
Amelia  D.  Edwards  Long.  Entered  service 
April  29,  1918,  with  Company  C,  22d  U.  S. 
Engineers. 


PRIVATE  RlCHAKl)  U,  H 
831  East  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illin 
May  6,  1898.  in  Perrysville,  Indiana 
George    and    Anna    Shanks    Lopp. 


Shanks    Lopp 
with  the  U. 


SERGEANT  ROBERT  P.  LOURANCE 
107  Oakwood  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  July  9,  1894  Son  of 
Charles  Lourancc  and  Christine  Huff  Lour- 
ance  Volunteered  December  10,  1917,  with 
the  208th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron.  Sicnal  Corps. 


SERGEANT 

KEITH 

:  \V. 

LO\VR\ 

124  Franklin 

Stree 

t,  Danv 

ille. 

Illinois. 

Born 

in  Huntsville 

,  Arl 

luly 

6,   1896. 

Son 

of   Clyde    E. 

Low 

ry"nd' 

Lai 

ara    Roakwood 

Lowry.     Voli 

■ed     in 

Ma 

Y.     1917,       •  • 

with 

Company  A. 

\"oth' 

Illinois 

Infa 

PRIVATE  WILLIAM  LUCAS 
Knccht  Apartment,  Danville,  Illinois. 
August  18,  1896,  in  Hoopeston,  Illinois, 
of   Abraham    a     '  "  "   ' 

July  22,  1918, 
lery  Band. 


:  8th  U.  S.  Field  Ar 


in  Oakland  City,  Indiai 
1891.  Son  of  Clayton  A. 
Bales  Lynch.  Volunteerct 
with  Company  3,  U.  S.  Mi 


March    13,   191.S, 


SKRGLANi  JOSEPH  E.  L\ > 
611  Cli.indler  Street,  Danville.  Illinoi 
Fcbru.irv  28,  1887,  in  Washington, 
Husband  of  Laura  Ligett  Lynch, 
service  June  15,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 


PRIVATE  DEAN  LUCKEY 
102  South  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  8,  1888.  in  \  ermil.on  County,  Ul- 
nois  Son  of  Charles  and  Alice  Wright  Luckey 
Entered  service  April  29,  1918,  with  the  404tl. 
U.  S.  Telegraph  Battalion.  Company  E. 


PRIV 


FORES'I 
720  Harmon  Avenue,  Danv 
May  24,  1892,  in  Danville 
John  T.  and  Eflie  Mcjiltc 
service  June  28,  1918,  with 
placement  Engineers,  Com 


PRIVATE  ROY  OTIS  MADDEN 
603  East  FairchiU  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  December  24.  1894.  in  Georgetown,  Il- 
linois. Son  of  John  and  Emma  Madden. 
Husband  of  Helen  Foster  Madden.  Entered 
service  April  29,  1918,  with  the  358th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Company   M. 


JAMES  FRA.\kl,l 
135  North  VermiUi.ii  but 
Born  May  12,  1895.  in  CV 
Son  of  Benjamin  Perry  a 
haffcy.  Volunteered  Ma 
14th  U.  S.  Inf.intry.  Cn 
shooter. 


PRIV.ATE    HARRY   MAN 


Born  in  Shelby  County,  Illinois,  Junt  5,  1900. 
Son  of  John  Mansfield  and  Mary  Chesterman 
Mansfield.  Volunteered  January  6,  1916,  with 
Battery  D,  4th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  L.  MARSH 


and  Sarah  Marsh.  Volunteered  in  March, 
1917,  with  the  5th  Balloon  Company,  U.  S. 
Aviation  Corps. 


PRIVATE   JAMES    B.    MARS 
Vermilion    Grove.  Illinois.     Born  in 
bcr,    1892,    in    Frankfort,    Indiana. 
Josiah    and    Sarah    Marsh.     Entered 
August  15,  !9I8.  with  the  Student  T 


SERGEANT  ROBERT  MARSHALL 
114  Bremer  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  B; 
February  10,  1887,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  ! 
of  George  and  Mary  Marshall.  Entered  ! 
vice  in  1912.  honorably  discharged  and 
enlisted  in  September,  1915,  with  Battery 
149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Divisi 


PRIVATE  GERALD  J.   MARTIN 
i    West    North    Street.    Danville    Illinois 
n    August    31,    1898,    in    Attica,    Indiana 

of  George  H.  and  Gertrude  Swallow  Mar 
Volunteered  in  June,  1915,  with  Batter; 

Honorably  discharged.  Re-enlisted  ii 
,..  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Headquaiters  Moto 
nsport  Company 

PRIVATE  KENNETH  P.  MARTIN 


PRIVATE    GEORGE    MARTIN 
927    North    Hazel    Street.    Danville,    Illii 
Born    January    29,    1887,    in    Catlin,  Illii 


PRIVATE  RALPH  C.  MARTIN 


Dan 


January  13,  1895,  in  Cambridge  City,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Geor?e  H  and  Gertrude  Swallow  Mar- 
tin. Husband  of  .Mae  Breman  .Martin.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  lOfith 
U.  S.  Mobile  Ordnance  Repair  Shop. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  MARTIN 
504  Sheridan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born 
June  7,  1896,  in  Oakwood,   Illinois.     Son  of 
William   A.  and    Delia    A.    Martin,     Entered 
service  June  3,  1918,  vv,th  the  U.  S.  Post  Hos- 


PRIVATE    COV    MARTIN 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1895,  in  Blunt  Township,  Iliinois. 
Son  of  J.  P.  and  Dora  Fugate  Martin.  Hus- 
band of  Goldie  Kilbury  Martin.  Entered 
service  May  28,  1918,  with  the  10th  U.  S. 
U.   S.    Infantry.    1st    Battalion,   Company    D. 


nd  Delia  A.  Martin.  Entered 
29,  1918,  with  the  46th  U.  S. 
npanv    D. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  R.  MARTIN 
312  Grant  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.      Bon 
Harrisburg,     Illinois.      Son     of     Thelma 
Martin,     llntercd    service    August    28,    1< 


and  Lizzie  Belle  Montgomery  .Ma 
tered  service  September  !7.  1917 
132d   U.  S.  Infantry.   33d    Division. 


PRIVATE  KENNETH  A.  MARVEL 
601  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  13,  1890.  in  Wabash  County,  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Emma  Fisher  Marvel  Vol- 
unteered May  20.  1918,  with  the  66th  U.  S. 
Engineers,  Company  A 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  A.  MASTEN 
33  South  Stat-  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Cornelia,  Georgia,  September  24,  1896.  Son 
of  M.  C.  Masten  and  Anna  Clark  Masten. 
Entered  service  December  16,  I9I7,  with 
Headquarters  Company,  3d  Battalion.  160th 
U.  S.   Depot   Brigade. 


PRIVATE   CHARLES    MASTEN 
33  South  State  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     I 
in    November,    1894,    in    Danville,    111. 
tered   service  June   29.    1918,   with   the   U 


Born  in  December,  18V4,  in  Danville 
Son  of  Thomas  and  Mary  Maston.  Husband 
of  Grace  P.  and  father  of  Verna  Maston  Enter- 
ed «ervice  June  28,  1918,  with  the  106th  U.  S. 


CORPORAL   FRED   MAUCK 
R.  R.  1,  Danville    Illinois.     Born  August  29, 
1891,    in    Danville,    Illinois.      Son    of    Charles 
and     Estella     Lenover     Mauck.      Volunteered 
June  14,  1918   with  the  U.  S.  Engineers  Corps. 


19,  1888.  Son  of 
Vincent  Mauck  and  Mary  Illinger  Mauck 
Volunteered  March  11.  1918,  with  the  U.  S 
Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  H.  MATER 
423  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  23  1898,  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Howard  J.  Mater  and  Cora  L.  Woods 
Mater.  Volunteered  April  8,  1917.  with  the 
Rainbow  Division  of  the  149th  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery. 


PRIVATE  GUV  MAXWELL 
R.  F  D.  8  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  April  30, 
1890.  in  Reddington,  Nebraska.  Son  of  Joseph 
J.  and  Flora  Laferty  Maxwell.  Entered  ser- 
vice June  26,  1918,  with  the  4th  Provisional 
Regiment,  Company  K. 


PRIVATE  \IVA  MA.XWELL 
R.  F.  D.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Burn  July  31, 
1894,  in  Reddington,  Nebraska.  Son  of 
Joseph  J.  and  Flora  Laferty  Maxwell.  En- 
tered service  May  13,  1918,  with  the  314th 
U.  S.  Cavalry,  Company  A. 


PRIVATE   HARRY   VV.   MAY 
309     North     Washington     Street.      Danville, 
Illinois.      Born  in  Alvin,  Illinois,  |u!y  14,  1897. 
Son  of  John   G.    May   and   Lillian   Cronkhite 
May.     Volunteered    in    1914,  with   the    149th 


PRIVATE  C 

911   Baldwin  Street,  L _ 

in  Danville,  Illinois,  December  8,  1895.  Son 
of  Daniel  Mayfield  and  Minnie  Schleif  May- 
field.  Volunteered  December  10,  1918,  with 
the  183d  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


DONALD  PAUL  MAYFIELD 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
911   Baldwin  Street,   Danville.  Illinois.      Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  May  16,   1899.     Son  of 
Daniel  Mayfield  and  Minnie  Schleif  Mayfield. 
Volunteered  December  8,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 


CORPORAL  WILLIAM  P.  McAULIFFE 
119  Robinson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  May  15,  1885,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Joseph  T.  and  Alice  Kearney  McAuIiffe. 
Volunteered  in  May,  1916,  with  the  9th  Bat- 
talion,  Canadian  Infantry,  Company  D. 
Awarded  bravery  medal  April  9,  1917.  Killed 
in    action    April    24,    1918. 


John  E.  McCabc.  Sr.  and  the  late  Rose  Da 
McCabe.  Volunteered  in  May.  1917,  with  l 
149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67th  Brigade,  ; 


SERGEANT  WAGNER  HUGH  McCAIN 
417  Love  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Pike  County,  Indiana,  May  6,  1897.  Son  of 
Manuel  McCain  and  Elizabeth  Mize  McCain. 
Enlisted  May  6,  1918,  with  the  5th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Company  I,  transferred  to  the  122d 


I'RIVATL    LEWIS    McCALlP 

e   Illinois.     Volunteered  in  June,  1917. 

ompany  D,    123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  McCALIP 
703  Bryan  Avenue  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
September  18,  1900.  in  Sullivan  County,  India- 
na Son  of  Louis  and  Minnie  Jefferson  McCalip. 
Volunteered  March,  18.  1916.  with  Co.  D,  123rd 
Machine  Gun  Battalion 


^^^HLru^^ 


28,  1S90.  in  Petersburg,  Indiana. 
)f  Charles  and  Lillian  McCane  McCall. 
ueered  May  20,  1918.  with  the  66th 
Engineers  Corps. 


SERGEANT  CHARLES  E.  McCALLISTER 
DanvUIe,  Illinois.  Born  in  Fairmount,  llli- 
nois.  September  20,  1877.  Son  of  William 
M.  McCallister  and  Mary  Gantz  McCallister. 
Volunteered  as  instructor  of  Conks  and 
Bakers. 


PRIVATE   FRED   L.    McCANN 
206  North  Madison  Street,  Danville,  lUin 
Born  June  9,  1886,  in  Catlin,  Illinois.     Sor 
VV.  P.  and  Ida  J.  McCann.      Entered  serv 
June  28,  1918,  with  the  106th  U    S.  Engine. 


SERGEANT  JEREMIAH  W.  McCARTY 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Cissna  Park, 
Illinois,  June  30,  1891.  Son  of  James  McCarly. 
Volunteered  August  6,  1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Quartermasters   Department. 


CAPTAIN 
ALLEN    PARKER    McFARLAND 

LIEUTENANT  COLONEL 
FLETCHER  OLIN  McFARLAND 

ARTHUR  McINTOSH,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 

116     Pine     Street      Danville,     Illinois.      Born 
April   4,    1889.   in    Danville,    Illinois.      Son   of 
Mary   B.    Fletcher   McFarland   and   the  late 
Olln    A.    McFarland.     Volunteered    June    11, 
1917.  with  the  2d   U    S.   Balloon  Squadron. 
Company  B. 

116    Pine    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.      Son    of 
Mary    B.    Fletcher    McFarland    and    the   late 
Olin  A.  McFarland.      Husband  of  Miriam  D. 
Rabb  McFarland.     Volunteered  in  June  1911, 
with  the  U.  S.  Base  Hospital.  U.  S.  Regulars, 

45  Cunningham  Avenue,  Vermilion    Heights. 
Danville,  Illinois.      Born  July  25,   1896.      Son 
o(  John  Mcintosh   and  Ida  Mcintosh.    Hus- 
band of  Marion    Phillips    Mcintosh.      Volun- 
teered June  3,   1918.   with   the  U.  S.  Navy 
2S4th  OJ  D. 

CORPORAL  0R\  Al.LE  F.  McKINLEV 
614  Cunningham  Avenue,  Vermilion  Heights, 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  November  9,  1895, 
in  Monticello,  Indiana.  Son  of  Charles  W 
and  Emma  Holland  McKinley.  Volunteered 
May  21,   1917,  with  the  35th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIV.VIT,  HARRY  E.   McKINNEV 
606   North    Collctt   Street,    Danville,    Illinois 
Born  January  4,    1898,  in   Danville.   Illinois. 
Son  of  Susan  Barnard  McKinney  Shelby  and 
James  A.   McKinney.     Volunteered 

"Aeld" 


May 


1916, 


U.   S.    An 


Born  .March  11,  1892,  in  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  and  Sophia  Gibson  McKin- 
stray  Entered  service  April  18.  1918.  with  the 
U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Company. 


2205  Cannon  St 
in  Danville.  Illii 
George   McLain 


reet,  Danville,  Illinois.  Be 
nois,  August  4,  1899.  Son 
and  Mary  Tolbert  McLa 
7.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Na' 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  McMACHON 
Danville,  Illimis.  Born  In  Danville,  llllnc 
January  23,  1899.  Son  of  J.  W.  McMach 
and  Anna  Eve  McMachon.  Volunteer 
March  11,  1918,  with  Battery  A.  2d  U. 
Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  THOMAS   VV.    McMAHAN 


713  Haz. 

=1  Street 

:,  Danvill 

!e    111 

linois. 

B< 

Drn  in 

Mt.  Puh 

iski 

,  nil 

nois,  October 

20,  1 

888. 

of     Will 

T. 

McMa 

han 

and 

Ca 

melia 

McMah: 

Vol 

unteered 

Dec 

embei 

r  7. 

1917. 

with  Co, 

Tipa 

iny  1 

!0,  2d  U. 

S.  Motor  Mechanic 

Regimen 

t  SI 

ignal 

Corps. 

1883 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  E.  McMASTERS 

F.  D.  No.  8,  Hegler,  Illinois.  Born  May  28, 
^  :ier,  Illinois.  Son  of  Mary  A. 
rs  and  the  late  Miles  A.  McMas- 
of  Asenith  Rich  McMastcrs  and 
land  Ivan  McMasters.  Entered 
21,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Hospi- 


:  McMilli 
Entered 
,  U.  S.  Ca 


May  22.  1918, 


PRIVATE  WARREN  McCORU 
2  laclcson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
bruary  17,  1895,  in  East  Lynn,  Illinois.  Son 
Wilmot  1.  and  the  late  Katherine  Wilcox 
cCord.  Volunteered  August  15,  1918,  with 
c  U.  S.  Training  Detachment,  Company  B. 


PRIVATE 

EDMOND    SAMUEL    McCULLOM 

1236  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     Be 

September  15,  1895,  in  New  Orleans,  Lou 


PRIVATE 
HEROLD   ROBERT  .McCULLOM 
1236  Walnut  Street,  Danv!! 
December  17,  1891.  in  Phil 
Son    of    Ja 


delphia  Pennsyl- 
Mary     Simpsor 


Son  of  Sarah  Mahcr  and  Edward  McCusher. 
Bornin  Danville.  Illinois.  October  16,  1896. 
Volunteered  in  August,  1917,  with  Battery  A 
149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery    Rainbow  Division 


CAPTAIN  LEO  MAHER  McCUSKER 
•he  Holland,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  i 
)anville,  Illinois,  March  4.  1887.  Son  < 
arah  Maher  and  Edward  McCusker.  Hui 
and  of  Florence  Copcland  and  father  c 
:ilen  Jane  and  Bill  McCusker.  Volunteere 
.ugust  27.  1917,  with  Headquarters  Troop 
th  Division    U.  S.  Regulars. 


nd  Edward  \liCuske 


Pk! 

\TV.   llia.DON    K     McQUITTY 

cnuc  C,   Nrrinili.n     Heights.    Danvi 

nd    Ir 

nnie    McCl.iscn    McQuitty.      Husba 

Df  Chr 

stine  James   McQuitty.      Entered   s 

SERGEANT 
LESTER  N.  MEDARIS,  U.  S.  M.  C. 
118  North  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinr 
Born  in  Sullivan,  Indiana,  November  11,  18' 
Son  of  Olive  Ocha  Nash  Medaris.  Volt 
teered  in  February,  1917  with  the  U. 
Marines. 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  W.  MEDLEY 
:i07  E.  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Moberly.  Mississippi,  March  19,  1894. 
Son  of  Z.  T.  Medley  and  Minnie  Elsea  Medley. 
Volunteered  June  30,  1917.  with  the  Medical 
Department,  28th  U.  S.  Infantry.  Field  Ho«- 


PRIVATE  ABE  L.  MEEKS 

IJ21  McKinley  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  James  and 
Clara  Meeks.  Entered  service  in  February. 
1918   with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


PRI 

V.\TE 

WILLARD  A.  MEEKS 

21    Mc 
.rn    Ju 

Fe'brua 

Kinley    Avenue, 
ne    20,     1891,    in 
nd    Clara    Meeks 
ry.  1918,  with  the 

Danville, 
Indiana. 

u.'s-'sTgl 

Illi 

Son 
ICo 

BUGLER  CLARENCE  W. 
519  East  Green  Street,  Danvi 
Born  July  29,  1894.  in  Danville,  I 
of  Fred  and  Mande  Fertig  Mein 
teered  in  April,  191 S.  with  the 
Iniantrv,   Machine  Gun    Compan 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  W.  McNEILL 
405  Avenue  C,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born  Feb- 
ruary  7,    1893,   in   Sumner,   Illinois.     Son   of 
John  and  the  iate  Calliberel  Perkins.      Enter- 
•       '  ■     1918,  with  the  2Ist  U    S 


ed  service  June  3.   \9U 
Infantry,  Company   D. 


PRIVATE  HENRY  A.  MILLER 
421  South  Washington  Avenue,  Danville, 
Illinois.  Born  in  Dayton,  Kentucky,  Janu- 
ary 27,  1897.  Son  of  William  H.  Miller  and 
Hanna  Miller.  Volunteered  in  April,  1917, 
with  the  !49th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67th 
Brigade,   42d    Division,    Rainbow    Division. 


SERGEANT  HOMER  MILLER 
1015  New  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  18,  1890,  in  Missouri.  Son  of  Henry 
and  Jenny  D  Miller.  Husband  of  Mame 
Miller.  Entered  service  in  August.  1917,  with 
the    149th    U.    S.    Field   Artillery,    Battery   A. 


SERGEANT    JACOB    GEORGE    MILLER 

5,'l893,'in  Sidney.'  Illinois.  So°n  of  Henr'J  A. 
and  Margaret  Blaxson  Miller.  Entered  ser- 
vice   September    18,    1917,    with    the    U.    S. 


PRIVATE  LEON  H.   MILLER 
llle    Illinois.     Born    July    27,    189J 


ORLANDO  MILLER 
Rural  Route  No.  4,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Pike  County,  Ohio,  June  13,  1896.  Son  of 
Orlando  Miller  and  Mary  Miller.  Volun- 
teered January  29,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Avia- 
tion Corps,  transferred  to  the  8th  Battalion 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  MILLER 
22  South  Griffin  Street,  Danville,  Illin 
Born  in  Grape  Creek,  Illinois,  1899.  Sor 
Leonard  S.  Miller  and  Frances  Miller.  \ 
unteered  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artilh 
67th  Brigade,  42d  Division,  Battery  A,  R: 
bow  Division. 


PRIVATE  LEONARD  S.  MILLER,  JR. 
22  South  Griffin  Street,  Danville  Illinois. 
Born  in  Grape  Creek,  Illinois,  in  March.  1896 
Son  of  Leonard  S.  Miller  and  Frances  Miller. 
Volunteered  March  5,  1917.  with  the  149th 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67th  Brigade,  42d  Divi- 
sion, Battery  Detachment.  Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  LUTHER  MILLER 
22  South  Griffin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  March  7,  1894,  in  Grape  Creek,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Leonard  S.  and  Francis  Raine  Miller. 
Husband  of  Edna  Miller.  Volunteered  June 
6,    1918,    with    the    U.    S.    Ambulance    Corps. 


^ 


PRIVATE    ALBERT    MILLER 


PRIVATE  EVERETT  MILES 
R.  F.  D.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  April  2. 
1890,  in  Scotland,  Illinois.  Son  of  George 
W.  and  Laura  Bell  Garrett  Miles.  Entered 
service  June  26,  I9I8,  with  the  1st  U.  S. 
Replacement  Engineers,  Company  H. 


Born  January  24,  189S,  in  Charleston,  West 
Virginia.  Son  of  Joseph  W.  and  Elizabeth 
Ellfn  Woods  Miles.  Volunteered  May  4,  1917, 
with    the  U.  S    Brigade  Headquarters  Attach- 


607  Porter  Street 
in  1893,  in  Imanaola.  Illinoii 
com  M.  and  Rhoda  Mendenhal 
leered    with   the    149th    Field 


CORPORAL    EVERETT   F.    MILLS 


PRIVATE  HARRY  WILBERT  MILLS 
413  Sherman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
March  23,  1902,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Joshua  and  Gertrude  M,  Patterson  Miils. 
Volunteered  January  25,  1918.  with  the  275th 
U.  S.  Aero  Squadron.  Now  with  82d  Aero 
Signal   Corps. 


PRIVATE  FRED  M    MISCII 
604  Harrison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born 
in   October,   1890,  in    Milford     Illinois.     En- 
tered service  July  31,  1918,  with  the  341st  U.  S. 


PRIVATE  CLIFFURD  MllCHELL 
608  Anderson  Street  Danville,  Illinois  Born 
October  15,  1892,  in  Paris,  Illinois.  Son  of 
William  E.  and  Laura  Maneer  Mitchell 
Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Engineers,  Company  A,  Regiment  3 


PRIVATE  JAMI-: 
Danville,      Illinois.        Bor 
Illinois,  December  9.  1895 
.Mitchell  and  Cora  Holdai 
tered  service  as  Motor  Truck  Driv 
117th  U.S.  Ammunition  Train,  Ca 


EWTO.N  MITCHELL 

Born     in      Fairmount, 

Son  of  James  D. 

r  Mitchell.     En- 

ith  the 

1  No.  2. 


PRIVATE  RAY  S.  MILLER 
1219  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  III!. 
Born  December  16,  1892, i  n  Anderson,  I 
ana.  Son  of  John  O.  and  Nellie  Spurway 
Icr.  Volunteered  May  14,  1917,  with 
149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Headquai 
Company,  Battery  A. 


PRIVATE  CLEVELAND  G.  MOFFETT 
1301  McKinley  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  1893,  in  LouisburR.  Tennessee.  Hus- 
band of  Sibyl  Moore  Moffett  and  father  of 
Mildred  Moore  MotTett.  Entered  service 
lune  28,  1918,  with  the  U  S.  Engineers  Corps 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
RAY     M.     MONTFORT 
Danville.    Illinois.      Born    August   5,    1889. 
Benton     Harbor,     .Michigan.      Son     of     Mil 
.Meedge    Montfort.      Volunteered    Septemb 
20,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps 


NEIL  CRAWFORD  MONTIS 
10  Pine  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Sep- 
tember 22,  1S96.  in  Richmond,  Indiana.  Son 
of  .M.  Brough  and  Ella  Kramer  Montis.  Vol- 
unteered in  February,  1917,  with  the  320th 
U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


COLONEL  GEORGE  DAVIS  MOORE 
312  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
September  19.  1867,  in  Springfield,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Davis  Graham  and  Martha  J.  Hudson 
Moore.  Husband  of  Jeannette  Baldwin  Moore. 
Was  Major  in  Spanish  American  War.  Now 
Colonel  of  the  U  S.  Regular  Army.  Was  a 
West  Point  Graduate. 


PRIVATE  FRANKLIN  HENRY  MOON 
1114  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  3.  1900  in  Chicago.  III.  Son  of 
Charles  T.  and  Hattie  E.  Ledge  Moon.  Vol- 
unteered December  22,  1917,  with  the  18th 
U.    S.    Recruit   Aviation   Section,    Signal    C. 


ATE  CLARENCE  MASON  MOORE 
R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Octo- 
ber 12,  1899.  in  Bismark,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Albert  S.  and  the  late  Josephine  Bauer  Moore. 
Volunteered  October  1,  1918,  with  the  U.^S. 
Tank  Service,  Company  12. 


PRIVATE  LESTER  RUFUS  .MOORE 
R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  27,  1896,  in  Bismark,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Albert  S.  and  the  late  Josephine  Bauer  Moore. 
Entered  service  February  24,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  UOth  Regiment,  Head- 
quarters Company. 


^r 


«itL_n 


PRUATI-;  ROBERT  D.  MITCHELL 
108  West  Madison  Street.  Danville.  Illino 
Born  in  Effingham,  Illir 


May.   1911 
A.   R.    D. 


Mitchell.      Ent, 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  R.  MORGAN 
120  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  lUin 
Born  August  29.  1899.  in  Jefferson.  Kan 
Son  of  Joseph  M.  and  Ruth  Batteston  Morf 


ROBERT     LEWIS     MORRIS 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N 
North  Wali-ut  Street,  Danville.  Illinois 
June  6.  1899,  in  Tilton,  Illinois.    .Son  of 


SAMUEL  A.  MORRIS,  SEAMAN,  U  S.  N. 
1535  Franklin  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
January  21.  1895.  in  Chicago.  Illinois.  Son  of 
Wilbert  Morris  and  Lulu  Morris.  Volunteer- 
ed May  10,  1917,  with  the  U'  S.  Navv.      Has 


CORPORAL   FRED  J.   MORRISON 

418  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Bo 
June  26.  1890.  in  Bloomingdale.  Indian 
Son  of  Newlin  and  Lou  Hunt  Morrison  LaRu 
Volunteered  May  15,  1917,  with  Company  : 
2d  U.  S.  Engineer  Corps. 


SERGEANT 
929  Oak  Street. 
June  22,  1890,  in  M. 


1  Gap,  Kentucky.    Son 

Morton.     Husband  of 

of  Genevieve  and    Maude 


Ackerman  Moudy 


PRIVA 

TE 

IRA 

MOUL' 

504  Anderson  St 
September     11, 

Son   of   William 

7892 
and 
1918 

Danv 

lie,  Illin 
Danville 

SERGEANT  E.  F.  MOULTON 
228  Cunningham  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  22,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Oliver  and  Tura  .Moulton.  Husband  of 
Jennie  Pearl  Webb  Moulton.  Entered  ser- 
vice June  30,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Quarter- 
masters Corps. 


RUFUS  I.  MOORE,  U. 
R.  F.  D.  3.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  October 
2S,  1887  in  Bismarc!:  Illinois.  Son  of  William 
R.  Moore  and  Lois  Steele  Moore.  Enlisted 
January  19,  1917,  with  the  U.  ,S.  Navy. 
Honorably  discharged  and  re-enlisted  Sep- 
tember 14,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy 


ROBERT  MUULTO.N,  SE.\M.\N, 
909     North     Washington     Street, 


JOHN 

H. 

MOWERY 

1502 

Cleveland    .• 

\venue,     Danville, 

Illinois. 

Born 

in    Adelohi. 

Ohi 

io,    February    1 

2,    1892. 

Son  of  Byron  Mowery 

and  .\nna  Stra 

us  Mow- 

ery.     Enlisted  Jan 
Medical  Corps. 

uar> 

-25,  1918,  with 

thell  S 

PRIVATE  THOMAS  T.  MUIVHEAD 
603  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  5.  1897,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Marian  Muivhead  and  the  late  David  Muiv- 
head.  Volunteered  in  June,  1916,  with  the 
149th  U.  S.  Artillery,  Battery  A. 


SECOND   LIEUTENANT 
J.    CHARLES    MULLARKEY 

k'k'x''^!.' „'''.' 

'■■'".'.'      \^''.'n!'v'.n. 

822  Franklin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.      Born 
May  11,   1893,  in  Kokomo,  Indiana.      Son  of 
M.  H.  and  Belle  Lochman  Mullarkey.      Vol- 
unteered December  14,   1917,  with  the  U.  S. 
Quartermasters    Corps. 

Illinois,     Ucce.n'Lt     7, 
R.    Muncie    and    Sa. 
Entered    service    Oct 
U.  S.  Medical  Corps, 

;    1,Vj7.      .S..N    „1  'Uillllni 
rah    C.    \'arley    Muncie. 
ober    1,    1917,    with    the 
,  Hospital  Train  No.  53. 

PRIVATE  JOSEPH  MURPHY 
118  North  Bowman  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  June  1,  1900.  Son 
of  James  Daniel  Murphy  and  Jennie  Elizabeth 
Crouch  Murphy.  Volunteered  September 
11.  1917,  with  Company  F,  108th  U   S.  Supply 


Coi 


PRIVATE   WALTER    MUNN 
le,  Illinois.     Born  November  26,  188 
ton,  Illinois.     Son  of  Walter  and  Jar 
Entered  service  June  28,  191 
F,   124th  U,  S.  Infantry. 


RALPH    E.    MURPHY,  U  S.  N 
19   Ohio   Street,    Danville     Illinois.      Born   in 
Petoka,    Indiana,    March    20,    1900.      Son    of 
John  T.   Murphy  and   Delia   Marsh   Murphy. 
Volunteered    April    30.    1918,    with    the   U.    S 


PRIVATE    EARLK 


.  MURRAY 
1 122  Franklin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  I 
June  1,  1889,  in  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y.  So 
Eugene  and  Adelaide  Brooks  Murray, 
unteered  June  15,  1918,  with  the  U.  f.  I 
nance    Department. 


umsU 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  MURRELL 
113  West  Fourteenth  Street,  Danville,  lllinc 
Born  in  England,  November  4,  1886.  Son 
Elizabeth  Murrell.  Volunteered  August 
1917,  with   Battery  E,   15th  V.  S.  Field 


PRIVATE    WARRE.N     EARL    MUSSON 

PRIV/ 

R.  R.  1,  Batestown,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born 

622    Brya 

February  10,  1892,  in  Oakwood,  Illinois.     Son 

in  Danvil 

of  James  and   Anna   Watson   Musson.      Hus- 

of   Frank 

band    of    Magdelene    Palmer    Musson.      En- 

Entered  s. 

tered   service   August   14.    1918,   with   the    1st 

4,  U.  S.   1 

PRIVATE  FRED  CLARKE  MYERS 

enue  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
inois,  February  1,  1895.  Son 
nd  Mary  E.  Hannah  Myers. 
May  20,  1918,  with  Company 


BER   ER.MEST   MYERS 

.-ille.  Illinois.     Born 

on  of 

Bus- 

"sr'Quarter- 


March  23,  l'89oi  ...  i^a,.....=, ^... 

Frank  P.  and  Mary  E.  Hannah  Myers 


PRIVATE  JAMES  MYERS 
124  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  August  12,  1887,  in  Pennington  Cape, 
Virginia.  Son  of  J.  J.  and  Mary  Jine  W,l- 
liams  Myers.  Husband  of  Lillian  Higgins 
Myers.  Entered  service  May  31,  1918,  with 
the  46th  U.  S.  Infantry.  Company  D. 


CORPORAL  VICTOR  NALEWAY 
R  F  D.  No.  8,  Hegler,  Illinois.  Born  April  5. 
1898,  in  LaSalle,  Illinois.  Son  of  Michael 
and  Josephine  Glodek  Naleway.  Volunteered 
June  25,  1917,  with  the  40th  U.  S.  Infantry. 
Company  G. 


PRIVATE    ABRAHAM 

NASSER 

303   Bryan  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born 
July  1.  1890,  in  Inashoda,  Syr.as  Danjascu.. 
Son  of  Mansour  Nasser.     Husband  of  Maude 
Higgins    Nasser    and    father    of    Genev.eve 
Na«er.     Entered  service  June  28    1918,  with 
the    U.    S.     Development    Battalion,    Cora- 

ALFRED'^.  NATHO.  U.  S.  N. 

SERGEANT  LOUIS  F    NATHO 

PRIV.^TE  EARLE  MURRAY 

442   North  Jackson  Street.    Danville.   Illinois. 

1026  Walnut  Street,  Danville    Illinois.      Born 

816    Commercial     Street,     Danville,     Illi 

Born  April   19,   1890.  in  Stutteart,  Arkansas. 
Son  of  W.  L.  and  Dr    Anna  Goodwill  Natho. 

December  10,   1894,  in  P.ne   Bluff    Arkansas. 

Born   March  9,   1893,  in  Covington,   Indi 

Son  of  W.  L.  and   Dr.  Anna   Natho.      Volun- 

Son   of    Charles    and    Lula    Rhodes    Mm 

Husband  of  Sayle  McCord  Natho  and  father 

teered  July    10,    1917,    with    Battery    D,    144th 

Husband    of    Elsie    Holycross.      Entered 

of  Katharine  Anna  Natho.     Enlisted  May  27, 

Field    Artillery 

vice  June  4,  1918.  with  the  21st  U.  S.  Infa. 

1918.   with   the   Aviation    Department  of  the 

Headquarters  Company. 

U.  S.  Navy. 

FRED  WILLI  AM  NEWMANN,  GUNNER'S 

MATE,   U.   S.   N. 
Corner   Georgetown    Road   and    Rosslane,    R 
F     D    8.   Danville,   Illinois.      Born   December 
3,  1898,  in  Chicago,  Illinois.     Son  of  Fred  H. 


nd     Ma 
luly  1.  1911 
U   S.  Navy 


Newm. 
■  ith  the  2d  Regin 


PRIV.\TE   KENNEY   NICCUM 

PRIVATE    IVAN    L     NICHOLS 

26    South     Hazel    Street      Danville      Illinois. 

R    F    D.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born  February 

Born  February  24,  1887,  in  Perryville.  Illinois. 

4    1X97    in  VVestville,  Illinois.      Son  of  Edgar 

Son    of  Samuel  and   Mary  Ford   Niccum.  En- 

F    and' Dellia    Beaver     Nichols.     Husband  of 

tered  service  May    31,    1918,    with    Company 
F,  21st  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Ferd"na   Haussy  Nichols.     Volunteered  March 

30,  1917,  with  the  U9th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 

PRIVATE  FRANK  P.   NOONE 

736  East  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  May  19.  1896.  Sc 
Martha  C.  Noone.  Volunteered  Februar: 
1918.    with    the    U     S.    Medical    Corps, 


ARTHUR    E.    NORTH 

MACHINIST,  U.  S.  N. 
ill    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 
1893.    in    Danville,    Illinois.      Son   of 


CORPORAL  ROY  NORWELL 
1202  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  March  21,  1889,  in  Indianapolis,  In- 
diana. Son  of  Wesley  and  Laura  Sunderland 
Peltier  Norwell.  Entered  service  in  May. 
1918,   with   the  U.   S     Infantry,   Company   L. 


PRIVATE  ALVA  K.  NELSON 
1106  North  Bowman  Avenue,  Danville, 
Illinois,  Born  in  Wickliffe  Indiana.  June  15. 
1898  Son  of  L  S.  Nelson  and  OnaE.  Nelson 
Volunteered  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S  F.eld 
Artillery,  Rainbow  Division. 


PRI\  Ml  JOSEPH  C  0\kLEY 
2501  East  Mam  Street,  Danv.lle,  Illinois. 
Born  No^ember  17,  1895,  m  Mt  Vernon, 
Illinois  Son  of  James  A  and  NelUe  Ruther- 
ford Oakley.  Entered  service  June  25.  1917. 
with  the  334th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  K. 


Attica,  Indiana  Son  of  William  H.  and  Lillie 
Clark  Oakley.  Entered  service  June  4,  1918. 
with  the  21st  Infantry,  Sth  Recruit  Company. 


JESSE  O'l 

909  Baldwin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois.  September  II,  1900. 
Son  of  Jack  O'Banion  and  Stella  B.  Farmer 
O'Banion.  Volunteered  February  26.  1917. 
with  Battery  A.  67th  Brigade.  42d  Division, 
I49th  U.  S    Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Division 


<^1 

PRIVATE   LESTER   M.   O'CONNELL 
19  Indiana  Avenue,   Danville.  Illinois.      Born 
in   Iowa.     Son   of   Lou    O'Connell.     Entered 
service  June  1.  1918.  with  Company  C.  62d 
U    S    Enpineers 


JOE  KARNES  OETZEL 
417  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  May  14.  1891.  Son  of 
William  A.  Oetzel  and  Ella  M.  Oetzel.  Vol- 
unteered June  1  1918,  with  Company  K, 
5th  Regiment,  U.  S.  Navy. 


SERGEANT  PAUL  TORRENCE  OETZEL 
417  Hazel  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Wallace,  Kansas,  October  12,  1886.  Son 
of  William  A.  Oetzel  and  Ella  M.  Oetzel. 
Volunteered  with  the  U.  S.  Army    . 


PRIVATE  GLEN  JAMES  O'CONNELL 
19  Indiana  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Hary,  Iowa.  Son  of  James  and  Lou 
O'Connell.  Volunteered  with  Company  C. 
60th  V    S.  Engineers 


EARL  NUSSEAR 
805  East  Main  Street.  Danville  , 
of  Edith  Nussear. 


Illinois.     Son 


CORPORAL  G.  STANLEY  OLMSTED 
I02K  West  Main  Street,  Danv^ille,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois,  June  17,  1895.  Son 
of  George  E.  Olmsted  and  Nora  Champeion 
Olmsted.  Volunteered  May  31,  1917.  with 
Battery  A.  I49th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Rain- 
bow Division 


LIEUTENANT 

ROSCOE 

T. 

OLMS 

TED 

1026  Walni 
in  Westville 
of  John    S. 
Stevens  OIn 
with  the  U 

t  Street    Danvill 
Illinois,  Novem 

™el='1-ot:„^e^r 
S.  Ordnance   De 

edj 

e    Sus 
uly  24, 

Born 
Son 

PRI 

VATE    FRAN 

K    C.    NULKEN 

724 

ew 

ell    Street 

Da 

nville,    Illinois.      Born 

May-^ 

27, 

1897,   in 

Dan 

•ille.    Illinois.      Son  of 

Minn 

e  Felcenhau 

rNu 

Iken  and  the  late  Fred 

Nulk 

Entered 

ce  September  6,  1918, 

with 

16th    Re 

Company.    2d    U.    S 

Batta 

lio 

Engine 

Replacement     Troup 

Died 

'Ogl 

thorpe  Hospital 

PRIVATE  G.  DELMAP  OKULY 
14  Sojth  Clark  Str:et,  Danvdk,  IlUno 
Born  in  Lilly,  Jll.nois,  April  13,  I89S.  S 
of  Peter  and  Emma  Hughes  Okuly.  Volu 
teered  September  18,  1917,  with  the  Machl 
Gun  Company,  U.  S.  N    G.  Infan'ty. 


PRIVATE    MINDA   ORR 
116  Cronkhitc  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.     Born 
in  December.  1896.     Son  of  William  D.  Orr. 

F.ntcrcd  service  in  May,  1918. ' 

U)  S.    Infa.  -  ■     " 


PRIVATE  EARNEST  W.  OLSON 
517  Harmon  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  B 
January  3.  1890.  in  Danville,  Illinois.  So 
John  and  Emma  Jackson  Olson.  Ente 
service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  2d  U.  S.  S, 
tary  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  AARON  A.  O'SULLIVAN 
432  Western  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Boi 
June  19.  1886.  Son  of  J.  W.  O'Sullivan  ai 
Gertrude  Swank  O'Sullivan.  Entered  se 
vice  April  28,  1918.  with  Company  G,  358' 
U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATf 

D. 

LE 

O'SULLI 

VAN 

432  Western  Av 

enue 

Dan 

ville,  lllino 

s.     Born 

No 

ember  6,  1899.  i 

n  Da 

nville,  Illin 

ois.     Son 

of 

.    W.    and 

Gert 

rude 

Swank    O'Sullivan. 

Ent 

Jun 

28, 

,9.8,  with 

the  48tR 

138th  U.  S.   Mac 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  A  OVKRHOLT 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Jewell,  Kansas, 
September  1,  1890.  Son  of  James  E.  Over- 
holt  and  Susanna  Firebaugh  Overholt.  Vol- 
unteered May  15.  I9I7,  with  the  I49th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Division,  67th 
Brigade,    Headquarters    Detachment. 


■130    Au 

August  25,   ISSy,  in   Advance.   In 

of    Columbus    and    Emma    Mattii    Overm: 

Husband  of  Mary  Merritt  Overman.      Ent 

ed   service   October    I.    I9I8,   with    the    U. 

Army,  Company  23. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  J.  OWENS 
2103  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  B 
May  23,  1902.  in  Clinton.  Illinois  Son 
Henry     and      Margaret       Fitzgerald     Ow( 


PRIVATE  ARNOLD  O.  PALMER 
410  Vance  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois.  Bo, 
in  Lawrence  County.  Illinois.  October  15,  189 
Son  of  Oscar  Palmer  and  Clara  Stephei 
Palmer.  Entered  service  April  2,  I9I8.  wil 
the  U.  S    Coast  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  DON  PALMER 
101  Railroad  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
June  21,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
F.  W.  and  Mary  E.  Saunders.  Volunteered 
June  24,  1918,  with  the  10th  Battalion.  Battery 
B.  F.  A   R.  D, 


JACK  R.  PALMER 
1008    Vermilion    Street,     Danville.     Ill 
Born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  April  27,  1894. 


PRIVATE     MONTIE     P.VLMRR 
1103  Martin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.     Born 
August  15.   1895.  in  Sidell,  Illinois.     Son  of 
Thompson  Palmer  and  Cassie  Hoover  Palmer. 
Volunteered  with  Battery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT  OILMAN  OSWALT 
407  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.      Born  in 


PRIVATE    GUST    I'APPADIS 


U    S.   Infantry. 


SERGEANT  HERBERT  E  PARKER,  JR. 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Champaign,  Illi- 
nois,   May    15,    1890.      Son  of    Herbert  E.  P 


rilllfej  'l 


PRIVATE   JOHN    FRANKLIN    PARKER 

PRIVATl'.  WILLIAM  A.  R.  PARKER 

124    Beard    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 

124    l!<-:,rd    Street,    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 

in  Potomae,  Illinois,  November  1,  1883.     Son 

in    Pntr„„.ic,    Illinois,   April   5,    I89I.     Son  of 

of  A    M.  Parker  and   Elizabeth  Ater  Parker 

A.    M.    Parker    and    Elizabeth    Ater    Parker. 

Volunteered  in   March,   1917,  with   Company 

Volunteered  June  16,  1916,  with  Company  D 
123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

D.  1 23d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

MAN    P.\RKS 


A,  P,,,ks  ,,i.J  Lucy  Parks  \'olun 
the  Ordnance  Division,  Compa 
d  U.  S.  Battalion 


PRIVATE   EDWARD   S.   PARRY 
705  Oak  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.     Born  in 
Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Martha  J.  Powell 


ber  22,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois 
"       nd   Estella   Doan  Partlow 
with  the  21s 
Regular  Army 


PRIVATE  IRA  CHARLES  PATTEN 
ermilion  Grove,  Illinois  Born  March 
899,    in    Ridgefarm,    Illinois.-    Son    of    I. 


Inf^nt^r'"  Co 


PKIVAIT.  JOHN  F.  PALUSKt) 
1  13  Robinson  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Westville,  Illinois.  1894.  Son  of  John 
Palusko  and  Anna  Palusko.  Volunteered  in 
March.  1917,  with  Company  A  1st  U.  S. 
Engineers   Corps 


CORPORAL  LOREN  JAMES  PAXTON 
4J9  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  August  1,  1895 
Son  of  James  S  Paxton  and  Louise  Myers 
Paiton.  Volunteered  August  4,  1917.  with 
Company  D,   108th  U.  S.  Engineers. 


SERGEAM  (,l  -.  11  .^M.  TAX  li'\ 
814K  North  \<.r,uil,..ii  Mrift.  D.iin.ilc. 
Illinois.  Burn  April  I.  \y.S7,  „1  ll.hr. ,n, 
Nebraska.  Son  of  James  and  J,isephine  Wood 
Paxton  Husband  of  Emma  Bond  Paxton 
and  father  of  Eugene,  Helen  and  Lucille 
Paxton.  Entered  service  in  July,  1918,  with 
the  21.1lh  U.  S    Signal  Battalion,  Company  A. 


VV  1.  and  Rachael  A.  Oliver  Payne.  V. 
tecrcd  svith  the  37th  U.  S.  Infantry  f.th 
cruiling  Company. 


ch  IS,  1891,  in  Danville 
1  of  Cole  Peak.  Volunteered  in  1 
.  18th  U   S.  Infantry.  Company  H 


Volunteered    with   Con 


Son  of  Wilse  Pem- 
Guthrie  Pembcrton. 
ny  9,  3d   Regiment 

Signal    Corps,    2d 


5218  Govans,  Maryland.  Born  February  3. 
1874,  in  Vallejo,  California.  Son  of  Gustavus 
Clark  Pearson  and  Hattie  Brown  Pearson: 
Husband  of  Marian  English  Pearson  and 
father  of  Mary  Aida,  and  Harriet  English 
Pearson.  Volunteered  in  August.  1917,  w^ih 
the  U.  S,  Coast  Artille-v.    B..Ttery  A. 


PRIVATE  JA.VIES  ROV  PEARSON 
1912  Kimball  Street.  Danvilie.  Illinois.  Bn 
January  26,  1896.  in  Allerton.  Illinois.  S 
-f  John  F.  and  Margaret  E.  Hayes  Pearit 
F.ntered    service    December,    1917.    with    t 


PRIVATE  HENRY  PENEV.IU.  S.  M.  C. 
R.  R.  No.  2.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Dan- 
ville, Illinois,  June  1!,^  1S9S.      Son  of  Charles 

Febru.iry  13.   1916,  with  the  U.  S.   Marines. 


riRST    LIEUTENAM 
JOHN   L.    PAULEY 
Owen,   Wisconsin.     Born  in    Rossville,  II 
nois,    March    27,    1882.      Son    of    Jesse 
Pauley  and  Malinda  A.  Birch  Pauley.    Vi 
unteered   in    May,    1917,    with    Company 
.1.18th  U.   S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  EUGENE  SHERIDAN  PERRY 
1017  North  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  6,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  Rolland  and  Alma  Pal- 
mer Perry.  Husband  of  Florence  V.  Cooper 
Perry.  Entered  service  June  28.  1018,  with 
Comnanv  E.  27th  U.  S.  Encineers. 


May  27.  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Anton  and  Berdina  Hedelmanu  Peters. 
Entered  service  October  1,  1918,  with  the 
U.   S.  Military  Police,  23d  Company. 


-,-v 


PRIVATE  CHANCY.  PETEKSO> 
Danville,  Illinois.  Entered  servic, 
March.  1917,  with  Company  D,  12.V1  1 
Machine   Gun    Company. 


PRIVATE 
FRED  ORSON  PETERSON 
913  Baldwin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  21,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Orson  and  Fredericka  Schleif  Peterson. 
Entered  service  April  2,  1918,  with  Com- 
pany   K,   3S7th   U.    S.   Infantry. 


RAYMOND  R.  PETTIGREW, 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
1024  Gilbert  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  22,  1899,  in  Cotlonville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Albert  and  Emily  S.  Pettigrew.  En- 
listed June  17,  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Naval 
Forces,    1st    Regiment,   Company  A. 


PRIVATE  FERNAND  PETIT 
101  Ohio  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Hartford  City,  Indiana,  September  30, 
1897.  Son  of  Leon  Petit  and  Estella 
Groves  Petit.  Volunteered  in  July,  1917, 
D,  123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun 


PRIVATE  JOHN  \V.  PETERSON 
Danville.  Illinois.  Born  May  13.  1894.  in 
Linsberg.  Indiana.  Son  of  M.  L.  Peterson. 
Entered  service  in  April.  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Heavy  Coast  Artillery,  (,8th  Regi- 
ment, Battery  B. 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  M.  PERKINS 

1501  North  Walnut  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois.  Born  September  12.  1895.  in  Mil- 
ford.  Illinois.  Son  of  H.  D.  and  Elizabeth 
M.  Perkins.  V'olunteered  May  21,  1918. 
with  the  54th  L".  S.  Engineers  Corps.  Com- 


SERtJEANT    HARRY    PHILLIP 

209  Kentucky.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Princeton,  Indiana.  July  19,  1887.  Son  of 
James  Phillip  and  Lillian  Sherry  Phillip. 
Volunteered  April  14,  1917,  with  the  1st 
Battalion,    U.    S.    Mounted    Engineers. 


IVATE  EARNEST  O.  PHILLIPS 
614  Sheridan  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  September  i.  1891,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  William  L.  and  Adeline  John- 
son Phillips.  Entered  service  June  28,  1918, 
with  the  121st  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  PHILLIPS 
JnO  Kentucky  Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Horn  March  5.  1896,  in  Princeton,  Indiana. 
Son  of  James  and  Lillie  Sherry  Phillips. 
Entered  service  August.  1918,  with  the 
E  Truck  Company,  5th  Corps,  U.  S.  Army. 


ifl^f- 


PRIVATE  JERRY  F.  PHILLIPS 
2007  East  Main  Street,  Danville.  Illinoi. 
Born  January  28.  1892,  in  Camargo,  111 
nois.  Son  of  William  and  Bertha  Hate 
Phillips.  Entered  service  June  24.  191! 
with  the  V.  S.  Auto  School. 


Born  Ja 

diana.  Son  of  Ernest  and  Melissa  Doty 
Phillips.  Husband  of  Pearl  High  Phillips. 
Volunteered  May  29.  1918.  with  the  V.  S. 
Quarlertrasters   Corps. 


PRIVATE  RICHARD  S.  PHILLIPS 
2007  Ea.st  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  December  3.  1895.  in  Camargo,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  William  and  Bertha  Hatch 
Phillips.  Husband  of  Clara  Kinkode  Phil- 
lips. Entered  service  with  Battery  A.  in 
1915;  transferred  to  Company  E,  I2lst  V. 
S.  Infantry. 

2.13 


SERCEANT  MIKE  PHILLIPS 
Danville.  Illinois.      Horn  in  Williamsport. 
diana.      Son    of    Ernest    and    Melissa    Dc 
Phillips.      Volunteered    with    Company 
12.1d  U.   S.   Machine  Gun   Company. 


RAYMOND  PIIII 

61.1    West    Madiso 

nois.    Born  Octobe 

R.  Phipps  and  the  late  Ida  Law 

Volunteered  in  J 

S.    Navy. 


SEAMAN,  U. 

reet.    Danville,    Illi- 

1899.    Son  of  James 

1  Phipps. 

1917,   with  the  U. 


SAMUEL  BENJAMIN  PEITIS 
603  North  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Missionfield,  Illinois,  October 
27.  1805.  Son  of  William  Pettis  and  Rachel 
Miller  I'etli^.  Volunteered  in  Aui-ust.  1917, 
with  Battery  A,  14')|h  f.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


Born  in  Ridge  Farm,  Illinois,  March  .S. 
1896.  Son  of  Charles  Pickard  and  Mary 
Pickard.  Volunteered  in  April,  1918.  with 
the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  f.7th  Bri- 
gade, 42d  Division 


Illinois.  Son  of  Charles 
Ward  Pickett.  Entered  se 
17.  1917.  with  the  35Uth 
RSth    Division.    Company    L 


n    Danville, 
nd    Maggie 


PRIVATE  LOUIS   PICHON 


R.    R.    No 


Roa 


Danville 


July  23,  1889,  in  Danville, 
iiiinois.  Son  of  Gustave  and  Eva  Orlu 
Pichon.  Entered  service  April  27,  1918 
with  the  l.S3d  U.  S.  Depot  Urifiade,  lltl 
Battalion,  Company  44. 


FLOYD  E.  POGUE,  RADIO,  U.  S.  N 
431  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bo 
in  Indiana.  April  19.  1897.  Son  of  W 
liarr  Pugue  and  Laura  Wolfe  Pogue.  Vi 
unteered  June  5,   1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Na\ 


SERGEANT  ROLAND  PLUNKETT 


Bertha  Cravens  Plunkett 

irginia    Plunkett.      Volun- 

y,     1912.       Re-enlisted    in 

September,    1916,    with    the    U.    S.    Medical 


kett.     Husband 

and    father    of 

ered    in    Ja 


PRIVATE  TAYLOR 
149  North  Hazel  Street,  Di 
Born  in  1894,  in  Kentucky.  S 
Potter.  Entered  service  Jun 
with  the   123d  U.  S.  Infantry, 


Kentucky.     So 


April    28,    1918, 


PRIVATE  JOHN  G.   PRICE 
115    East    Xorth    Street,    Danville,    Illinois. 
Ilurn    September    M,    IS'^6.   in    Veedersburg. 
Indiana.      Son    of    Benjamin    Franklin    and 
Anna^  Kaety    Price.      Entered    service  June 


CORPORAL   HERMAN   C.   PRAST 
40  Bismarck  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bor 
April   27,    1887,   in    Danville.   Illinois.      So 
of   Carl    Prast.      Volunteered    with    Batter 
A,    14'lth   r.   S.   Field   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  PRATT 
Meade  Street,   Danville,  Illinois.    Born 
IMinois,    August    14,    1898.      Son 
id    Alice    Hickey    Pratt. 


of    Oliver    Pratt 

Volunteered  in  April,  1917,  with  Battery  A 

149th    U.    S.    Field     ■ 


;ld    Artillery,    Rainbow    Di- 


PRIVATE   FRED    LEO    PRATHER 
f,2-,    Commercial    Street.    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born   March   27,    1894.  in    RileysburE,   Indi- 
of    Joseph    F.    and    Melissa    J. 


D.  CLARK  PREVO.  SEAMAN.  V.  S.  N. 
2203  East  Main  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  September  2.  1901.  in  Charleston,  Illi. 
nois.  Son  of  .\llson  H.  and  Delia  Clark 
Prevu  Entered  service  Mav  8.  1918.  with 
the    V.    S.    Rifle    Range. 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  F.  PRAST 
Alexander    Street,     Danville,    Illino 


Danville.    Illi. 


Born  November  7,  1889,  in  Douglas  County. 
Illinois  .  Son  of  John  and  Mary  Clark 
Pretlyman.        Husband     of     Esther     Tomm 


PRIVATE  ERNEST  f.  PRAST 
.112  North  Alexander  Street.  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  September  30.  1890.  in  Dan- 
ville, Illinois.  Son  of  Louis  and  Hannah 
Wier  Prast.  Entered  service  April  3.  1918, 
with  the  V.  S.  Infantry,  then  Battery  D. 
(.8th  U.  S.  Heavy  Field  Artillery,  Coast 
Artillery  Corps. 


SERCiEANT   ZENO    PHOENIX 
Bremer    .-Avenue.    Danville.    Illinois.      Bortl 
September  17.  1894.  in  Parkplace.  Arkansas. 
Son    of    James    and    Cora    West    Phoenix. 
Volunteered  in  March.  1913,  with  the  V.  S. 


PRIVATE  GUY  W.  PROCTOR 
II  Bremer  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
June  12,  1895.  Son  of  J.  W.  Proctor  and 
Carrie  Goss  Proctor.  Entered  service  April 
29,  1918.  with  Company  A,  249th  Regiment. 
U.  S.  Army. 


in 

Sulliv 

an 

Illinoi 

,  Octo 

ber 

31, 

1899.    S 

of 

Paul 

H 

Fund 

and 

M 

aud 

V.    Cur 

Pu 

ndt. 

Vo 

unteer 

ed    Jur 

1916,    w 

the 

Medical 

Corps, 

.;t,oth 

V 

s'. 

Ambulai 

PRIVATE  LeROV  PVLES 
Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Henry 
Pyles.      Entered    service    with    the 


nois.  Born  in  Decatur,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Laura  Clark  Quick  and  the  late  Fred 
Quick.  Volunteered  June  3,  1918,  with  the 
2d  Regiment,  Company  C.  U.   S.   Xavv. 


SERGEANT  OLIN  D,  RADEBAUi 
1320  Logan  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Bor.i 
September  27,  1895.  Son  of  Jacob  Rade- 
baugh  and  Jennie  A.  Radebaugh.  Entered 
service  September  19.  1917,  with  the  36th 
Division,  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  ORVILLE  RADEBAUGH 
410  Avenue  C,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
March  22.  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Waverly  and  Winnie  Graves  Rade- 
baugh. Entered  service  May  21,  1918,  with 
the  314th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  K. 


PRIVATE  HENRY  W.  RADLIFF 
1002  East  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illi 
nois.  Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  August 
26,  1897.  Son  of  Christina  Radliff.  En 
tered  service  May,  1915,  with  Battery  A 
"       ^     -    ■'    ■ BriKade 


ARCHIE  RAHUR.  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
122  Bryan  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  11,  1895,  in  Iroquois  County, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Maggie  Sher- 
rill  Rahur.     Enlisted  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


\ 


PRIVATE 
FRANK   FRANCIS   RANDOLPH 
320  Cherry.     Born  August  9.  1895.  in  Cha 
ute.    Kansas.      Son    of    Charles    Randolp 
Husband  of  Lillian  Westfall  Randolph.    E 
tered   service   Ji 


U.    S.    Infan 


^upply    Compa 


PRIVATE  OTIS  RANGKR 
-JM   Kansas  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.    Bor.i 
December   2.    1899,   in  Jackson   County,   In- 

Ranger.  Volu'nteered  June  28.  1916,  with 
the  123d  U.  S.  Machine  (iun  Company, 
Company  D. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  LESLIE  RAY 
1008  New  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  March.  189&,  in  Henryville,  Indiana.  Son 
of  Allison  and  Eliza  R.  Ray.  Entered 
service  in  July,  1917,  with  the  U9lh  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery.  Battery  A. 


of  J.  11.  Ray.  Hushan<l  of  Alice  Marie 
Beaner  Ray  and  father  of  Martha  Roberta 
Kay.  Entered  service  June  },  1918,  with 
the  V.  S.  Recruit  Detachment,  Company  D. 


PRIVATE  WILLI.\.\I    1    \  W  1:1      M 

nois.  Born  March  .^.  IH'M.  in  .\ttiia.  In- 
diana. Son  of  William  and  Mary  Hut 
chison  Ray.  Husband  of  Blanche  Ray  ami 
father  of  Frances  Madalinc  Ray.  Volui. 
l..,r.-.l    in    191,1.    with    Cnmi.anv    I.    1.M.1    f. 


PRIVATE 
HARRY  KENNETH  REDENBAVCH 
12  Kentucky  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Cates,  Indiana,  July  16,  1894.  Son 
of  John  W.  Redenbaugh  and  Catherine 
Renyick  Redenbaugh.  Volunteered  in  May, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Engineers  Corps.  Now 
Orderly  Company  A,  Barracks  A,  Base 
Hospital,  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  HAROLD  REED 
111  Oak  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
looneston,  Illinois,  in  1897.  Son  of  Otis 
I.  Reed  and  Mary  E.  Reed.  Volunteered 
anuary  30,  1918,  with  Fiel.l  74th  Squad- 
on,  U.  S.  Aviation. 


PRIVATE  ERNEST  J.  REED 
816  North  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  West  Point,  Arkansas,  No- 
vember 6,  1882.  Son  of  Thomas  L.  Reed 
and  Jennie  Reed.  Volunteered  with  the 
149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67th  Brigade, 
42d    Division,    Battery    A,     Rainbow    Divi- 


c^^ 


'^t 


r 


1' 


f 


October  24.  1893  in  Reedcrburg  Indiana 
Son  of  Robert  and  Fann>  Wilkinson  Reed 
Entered  service  August  1,  lOlh.  «ith  Com- 
pany   2,    U.    S     Heatlquarters    Department. 


Olive  B.  Mendenhall  Reed, 
une  21,  1916,  with  Company 
Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


812  Grant,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in  Col- 
lison,  Illinois,  August  9,  1896.  Son  of  F. 
M.  Reed  and  Olive  B.  Mendenhall  Reed. 
Enlisted  May  22,  1918.  with  Company  178. 
8th   Regiment.   L".   S.   Navy. 


JOHN  A.  REIK,  GUNNER,  U.  S.  N. 
202  Adams  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  8,  1890,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Alice  Adams  Reik. 
Enlisted  May  14,  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Navy,   13th    Regiment,   Company   I.    7th   Di- 


1  W.  and  Lena  Schui 
[  Reich.  Entered  service  Septen-ber  K 
17.   with   the   347th    U.    S.   Infantry.   Com 


PRIVATE  HARRV  S.  RKIK 
202  Adams  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  29,  1896,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Alice  Adams  Reik. 
Volunteered  May  15,  1918,  with  the  64th 
U.   S.  Infantry,   Company  I. 


BUGLER 
MARCUS  De  LAFAYETTE  REIK 
202  Adams  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bo 
December  23,  1879.  in  Danville,  lllino 
Son  of  William  Reik  and  Alice  Adams  Rei 
Volunteered  January  8,  1916.  with  the  1  .s 
U.   S.   Field   Artillery. 


nois.  Born  February  27,  1890,  in  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland.  Son  of  John  P.  and  Anna 
Patterson  Reid.  Entered  service  June  26, 
1918,  with  Company  3.  Replacement  Draft 
Infantry,  1st  U.  S.  Light  Infantry. 


5.     Son  of  George  L.  ReiUy 
Decker    Reilly.      Volunteerec 


CORPORAL  r-RhD 

W. 

REIN'KE 

4J0   North   Criffin  Street. 
Born    in     Danville.    Ilhn 
1800.      Son   of    Kred    Rei 
Drews    Reinkc.      Volunlee 
Battery    A.     140th     V      S 

Da 

ke 
red 

1 

iville 
Noi 
and 

Illtn 
ember 
Christ 

)\4.   w 
\ilillc 

PRIVATE  GRA.NT  M.  REITZEL 
.17  South  Griffin  Street.  Danville.  Illin. 
Born  in  Frankfort,  Indiana,  in  Tune.  18 
Son   of  U.   C.   Reitzel  and   Rossctta  Mat 


olunteered  in  A[)ril, 
i40lh  U.  S.  Field  Ar 
?adquarters  Departm 


in    Anibia.    Indiana.    S 

Son    of    Evelyn    Kestcr    Reynolds.      V 

teered    in    1808.    with    the    U.    S.    Ma 


September  .1.  1888.  ii 
nois.  Son  of  T.  J.  Reynolds.  lliisband 
of  Jennie  True  Dearth  and  father  of  Frank. 
Jennie.  Lillie  and  Mary  Reynolds.  Entered 
service  June  28.  1018,  with  Company  C. 
122d  U.   S.  Infantry 


PRIVATE  STINNIS  REYNOLDS 
41.1  Green  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  II,  1802,  in  Mollat.  Indiana. 
Son  of  Joseph  Reynolds  and  Louise  (iarner 
Reynolds.  Enlisted  March  l.i.  1012.  with 
the  14th  L\  S.  Infantry;  transferred  to 
M4th    V.    S.   Cavalry.   Troop   M. 


April  16.  1802,  in  Shclbyv...., 
of  John  and  Mary  DeLave 
tered  service  in  June.  1018. 
U.  S.   Infantry.  Company   F. 


PRIVATE  RUFUS  R.  RICE 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Manchester. 
Kentucky.  December  28.  1894.  Son  of 
Joseph  Rice  and  Louisa  Lunsford  Rice. 
Volunteered  May  7.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery. 


August  4,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Edward  A.  and  May  McCoy  Richardson. 
Volunteered  June  11.  1918.  with  the  2d 
Battalion,   Battery  A.   F.   A.   R.   D. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  RICHIE 
1621  Ray  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Arkansas.  Noveinber  7.  1897.  Son  of 
Monroe  Richie  and  Mary  Richie.  Volun- 
teered in  July.  191 7.  with  Company  D, 
122d    C.    S.    Infantry. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  EDGAR  RICKETTS 
R.  F.  D.  No.  S.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
June  12,  1896,  in  Warren  County,  Indiana. 
Son  of  John  and  Lauretta  E.  Davis  Rick- 
etts.  Entered  service  September  1.  1918. 
with  the  leOth  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade.  lOth 
Battalion.  39th  Company. 


WILLIAM   WI.S  1  1.1  ^     l;ii   Kl    ITS 
F.    D.    No.    5.    Danville,    Illinois.      Born 
nuary    3U,     1897,    in    Vermilion    County, 
diana.      Son    of    John    and    Lauretta    E. 
Volunteered   January 
U.  S.  Coj  ■    ■   ■'••        -^ 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  H.  RIDEOUT 
1114  Sheridan  Drive.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  July  19,  1899.  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  J.  L.  Rideout  and  Vivian  Boyce 
Rideout.  Volunteered  in  June.  1918,  with 
the   U.    S.    Medical   Corns. 


C:ORPORAL  CHARLES    RIFE 

410  Ci 

of"  lohn  and  Hattie  Rife.  Volunteereed 
April  .10.  1917,  with  Battery  D,  66th  Regi- 
ment,   V.    S.   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  IRVIN 
Francis  Avenue.  Dan 
if  George   Rife  and  Lau 


.eorge 
illery.  Rainbow  D'i 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  M.  RIGCILE 
>  Warrington  Avenue,  Danville,  Illino 
rn  in  Vandalis,  Illinois.  February  ; 
?6.  Volunteered  March  24.  1918,  wi 
;    r.    S.   Aviation   Corps. 


PRIVATi:  FRANK  RITTKR 
418  Commercial  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  22,  1891.  in  Illinois.  Son 
of  Frank  and  America  Ritler.  Hushand  of 
Lelia  Ricketts  Ritter  and  father  of  Wilma 
M.  Ritler.  Volunteered  June  .'.  1917.  with 
the   21sl    V.   S.   Infantry.   4th    ReplaceTient. 


L.J  1 


PRIVATE  HUDSON  SHIRK  ROBBIN 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.  March  23.  1S9 
Son  of  David  A.  Robbins  and  Ora  Shii 
Robbins.  Volunteered  April  6.  1917.  wi 
Battery  A,  149th  V.  S.  Field  Artiller 
(j7th    Brigade.    A2d    Division. 


June  30,  1900.  in  Broadland,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Archie  and  Gcorgie  Townsly  Roberts. 
Volunteered  April  17,  1917,  with  the  140th 
IT.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Battery  A.  Honor- 
ably    discharged    April    24,    \'AS. 


SKRfJEANT 
Ill-RSC  IIEL    EDISON     ROBERTS 
22  Kansas  Avenue.   Danville,  Illinois.   Born 
August    15,    1898.    in    Blunt    Township,   Illi- 
nois.     Son    of    E^  '         "  ■    "' 
Susan  While  Rob 
ust.     19ir>.    with    1 


BEN  C.    R(3B1NS()N. 
MACHINIST,   U.    S.   N. 
102    Minnesota    Avenue,    Danville.    Illinois. 
Born  September  21,   1893.  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois.     Son    of    Virgil    and     Ellen    Vancil 
Robinson.     Husband  of  Zora  Songer  Robin- 


Born  in  Putnam  Counly,  Indiana,  Ocio 
ber  18,  1899.  Son  of  Leola  Robinson  an< 
Anna     Robinson.        Volunteered     April      1 -- 


April  11.  1H'>9.  in  Luj;ansiii 
of  A.  S.  and  Cora  May  Weeks  Roberts. 
Entered  service  August  7,  1918,  with  the 
U.   S.   Supply   Department. 


CORPORAL  Al.VlN  G.  ROBINSON 
607  Hazel  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  March  7,  1893.  Son 
of  Guy  T.  Robinson  and  Mary  Elizabeth 
Bellinger  Robinson.  Volunteered  in  1916, 
with  the  1st  Battalion.  Telephone  Ileadouar- 
ters  Company.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
Rainbow  Division.  Recommended  eight 
times  for  distinguished  service  cross  for 
bravery  in  repairing  telepho 
heavy  fire. 


ire  under 


l^^Sk^^ 


VATE  EDWIN  ROCHOW 
IJii.i  Kast  Seminary  Street,  Danville  lu.- 
iiuis  Born  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  March 
S  1891.  Son  of  Otto  Rochow  and  Alma 
Fisher  Rochow.  Entered  service  March  5, 
1918.  with  Service  Detachment;  transferred 
to  Headquarters   (M.   S.   L.I 


ROCHOW 
Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Horn  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  Sep- 
tember 21.  18M4.  Son  of  Otto  Rochow  and 
Alma  Fisher  Rochow.  Volunteered  in  July. 
1914,  with  Company  I ;  transferred  to  the 
5th  Infantrv.  later  with  122d  U.  S.  Ma- 
chine Gun  Battalion.  With  the  I'.  S.  Aero 
Squaihou. 


PETER  PAUL  RODERS, 
SEAMAN,  U.  S. /J. 
14.i2  East  Fairchild  Street,  TJanvillc,  II 
nois.  Born  August  24,  1890,  in  Danvdl 
Illinois.  Son  of  Anton  and  Augustn 
Knoble  Roders.  Volunteered  in  June,  191 
with   the   U.    S.    Naval    Reserves. 


FREDRICK    ROUERS, 
SEAMAN.    U.   S.    N 
1432    East    Fairchild    Street.    Danville.    Illi- 
nois.    Born  February  14.  18'J.l.  in  DanviUe- 
lUinois.       Son     of     Anton     and     Augustina 
Knoble    Roders.      Enlisted    April    23, 
chine  Gun   Battalic 


FORREST    ROSE 

Danville,   Illinois       Born    in 

December  1,  1887.      Son 

•olunteered   Mav  2,  1917, 


ilisted    Apri 
With  the 


^ 


PRIVATE  OSCAR  P.  ROHLING 
10(18  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  13,  1890  in  Danville, 
Ulinoi'..  Son  of  William  and  Eugenie  Fis- 
cher Uohling.  Entered  service  tn  Al>r>l. 
1918.  with  the  357th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 
pany   F. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  A.  ROHLING 
1008  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  September  14,  1895,  in  Dan- 
ville, Illinois.  Son  of  William  F.  and  Eu- 
genie Fischer  Rohling.  Entered  service 
August  27.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Army,  as 
Mechanic. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  ROHLING 
1008  North  Jackson  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  April  20,  1898  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  William  and  Eugenie  Fis- 
cher Rohlini;.  Volunteered  wilh  the  1st 
Heavy   Mobile   Ordnance.    R.-pair   Shops. 


•?^ 


MAJOR   HIRAM    EARL  ROSS 
409     Chandler     Street.     Danville.     Illinois. 
Born   August    1.    188').   in    Danville.   Illinois. 
Volunteered  July   18,   Iyi7,   with  the  U.   S. 
Base   Hospital   No.    1.-. 


w^. 


nois.  Born  December  13.  1895.  in  Danv 
Illinois.  Son  of  George  W.  and  Flore 
Evans  Rouse.  Entered  service  June 
1918,    with    the   08th    V.    S.    Infantry.    C 


EMERY  C.  ROUSH,  SEAMAN,  U 
702     Franklin     Street.     Danville.     I 
Born   May    10,    1888, 
ana.      Son  of  Anne  ( 
listed  with  the  l'.   S. 


k.sburR,  Indi- 
Rousli.     En- 


Born  February  14,  1894.  in  Mt.  Carroel, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Robert  A.  and  Carrie  May 
Hester  Roy.  Husband  of  Bertie  G.  Reed 
Roy.      Entered  service   May  28.    1918,   with 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  HERMAN  ROY 
Danville.  Illinois.  Born  July  21.  1895.  in 
Mt.  Carmel,  Illinois.  Sun  of  Robert  A. 
and  Carrie  May  Hester  Roy  Volunleere.l 
in  July,  1917,  with  the  14'ith  V.  S.  Fi.ld 
Artillery,   Battery   A. 


R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  28,  1895,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Johjt  H.  and  Sophia  Uphoff  Rudolph. 
Entered  service  June  26,  1918,  with  the 
42d  U.  S    Field  Artillery,  Battery  D. 


CORPORAL  ALFRED  H.  RUISH 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  December  II.  1889, 
in  Nebraska  City.  Nebraska.  Son  of  James 
H.  and  Jennie  Walker  Ruish.  Entered 
service  September  5,  1918,  with  the  161st 
U.  S.  Depot  Brigade.  Company  3. 


SICRGKANT  KARL  E.  Rl.M  IJArCI  1 
9211  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois,  December  27, 
1898.  Son  of  James  Ruinbaugh  and  Annie 
Rumbaugh.  Volunteered  two  years  ago, 
with  Company  D.  123d  U.  S.  .Machine  Inin 
Battalion,    33d    Division.    I'rairic    Division. 


302  Avenue  li,  Danville.  Illinui».  Born 
May  12.  1895,  in  Perrysville.  Indiana.  Son 
of  William  E.  and  H  attic  Craigmile  Run- 
yan.  Volunteered  May  15,  1916,  with  the 
U.  S.  Coast  Artillery.  2d  Company. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  RUSCHEL 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bon 
December  10,  1892.  Son  of  John  and  thi 
late  Catherine  Zuschlag  Ruschel.  Enterec 
service  September  19,  1917,  wi'h  the  346tl 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Headquarters  Company. 


SERGEANT  C 

:lvde  h 

.   RUSSELL 

313  Sidell  Av 
in     Danville, 
Son  of  Hiran- 
Volunteered  i 
Truck  Depart 

"ml 

1   E. 
n  J. 
meni 
rps. 

:,  Danville 
nois.    Jam 
Russell  ar 
ine,   1917, 

,  Illinois.    Born 
lary     25,     1898. 
,d  Ella  Russell, 
with  the  Motor 
red  to  the  Quar- 

PRIVATE    KELLEV    RUSSELL 
904    Columbia    Avenue.    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born   August   26.    1899,   in   Fairmount.   Illi- 
nois.     Son    of   Sarah   J.    Riley   Russell   and 
the    late   John    Russell.      Volunteered    Sep- 


PRIVATE  FRANK  M.  RYAN 
Jackson  Street.  Danville 
-.entember  7.  1895.  in  Dai 

.„.     _ ,  nd  M 

Fahey   Ry; 


September  7,  1895.  i 
3f  the  late  Tame- 
Volunteered   in   April,    1917, 
th   the   149th   U.   S.    Field  Artillery,    Bat- 
ably  discharged  in  July,  1917. 


rtT- 


PRIVATE   RAY 

N. 

RYBURN 

J.   L.    SAGER. 
ELECTRICIAN.    U.    S. 

204   North   Bowman  A- 
nois.     Born  in  Fairmoi 
1895.        Son    of    Willi; 
Myrtle     Basse     Rybun 
June  3,   1918,  with  the 

'u. 

ue,   Danville.   Illi- 
lUinois.  May  2(.. 
L.     Ryburn    and 
Entered     service 
S.  Army. 

15  Illinois   Street.   Danville.   Illi 
February    9.    1896.      Son    of    M 
Volunteered  with    the    U.    S.    N: 
cal  Shop. 

1002  Baldwin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  April  3,  1887,  in  Milwaukee.  Wiscon- 
sin. Son  of  Charles  and  Mary  Salb.  Hus- 
band  of  Gladys  Hedge  Salb.  Father  of 
Maxine  Salb.  Volunteered  June  1.  1918. 
with  the  1st  U.  S.  Replacement  Engineers, 
Company   F. 


^sr-^^- 


SEXTO.V    R.    SANDHERt; 

reet.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
Son  of  John  and 
Clara  Sandberg.  Entered  service  June  3, 
1918,  with  Company  F.  21st  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATt 

413    Grant    Street. 

Chicago.    Illino 


PRIV.VrE  EDGAR  R.  SANDERS 
1437  Oakwood  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  17,  1893,  in  Sidney.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  E.  Gebbart  San- 
ders. Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with 
the  122d  U.  S.  Infantry.  Company  H. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  SANDERS 
Harmon  Avenue.  Danville,  Illin 
in  Tilton,  Illinois.  Son  ot  the  1 
and  Ella  M.  Sanders.  Entered  s< 
1    October,    1917,    with    the    U.    S. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  SANUI 
502',4  Chandler  Street,  Danville 
Born  February  7,  1895,  In  (;reece.  Son 
of  Diniosthens  and  Mary  Loomos  Sanichas. 
Entered  service  June  i.  1918.  with  the  21st 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  F. 


FRED   W.    SAUNDERS 
We-t    .1th    Street.    South    Danville,    II 
s.     Son  of  the  late  Jacob  and  EllaSau 

^r.   S.   Navy. 


1894,  Son  of  Dr.  Albert  Salterlee  and  El- 
more Satterlcc.  Volunteered  April  4,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.   Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  SAUNDERS 
West  -ith  Street,  South  Danville.  I 
is.  Son  of  the  late  Jacob  and  Ella  Sa 
rs.  Volunteered  in  December.  1917.  w 
impany   L,  30th   U.   S.  Infantry. 


IMUVATE  URAL  PAUL  SAUNDERS 
t  R.  No.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Janville,  Illinois.  September  IS.  1897.  Son 
f  James  E.  Saunders  and  Aloria  Ogden 
launders.  Volunteered  August  5,  1917, 
fith  the  167th  U.  S.  Ambulance  Corps. 
Unitary    Train.    117lh    Rainbow    Division. 


IVATE  HENRY  A.  SCHABOWSKI 
K.  D.  No.  8.  Hegler.  Illinois  Born 
ih  31.  1895.  in  LaSalle.  Illinois.  Son 
lary  Lejewski  Schabowski  and  the  late 
ik  Schabowski.  Volunteered  May  20. 
.  with  the  68th  U.  S.  Engineers.  Com- 


[■^>Cm  It 


f  K^ 


/^      xj 


PRIVATE 

OEOKGE   EVERETT   SCHAECHTEL 
30    Commercial    Street,    Danville.    Illinois 
;orn    October     17,     1887,     in     Grecncastle 
ndiana.  Son  of  George  and  Clara  Pfeiffen 

rger  Schaechtcl.     Entered  service  June  .! 


V.    S. 


Danville.  Illinois,  December  2n.  1897 
n  of  Louise  Schaefer.  .Volunteered  in 
■vember,  1917,  with  the  47th  U.  S.  Aero 


618  East  hni;l,-li  .MrtHl.  D,inv,lk-.  Illinois. 
Born  August  Ij,  1894.  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Michael  and  Minnie  Yahn 
Schaefer.  Entered  service  May  13.  1918, 
with  Company  F,  21st  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  G.  SCHAFER 
4^2  South  Washington  Avenue,  Danville, 
"■',','""^„. '^V'""  August  14.  189.',  ill  Dan-- 
vjlle,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  C.  and 
Christina  .Schaible  Schafer.  Entered  serv- 
ice June  28,   1918.   with  Company  M,    12.^d 


i) 


PRIVATE  AUGUST  G,   SCHAFER 
2    S.iuih    Wa.huiHton    Avenue.    Danville, 

'^        l'"'"    I -iTuary    .S,    189.i.   in    Dan- 

I'      ' f  William   C.    Schafer 

I    '  -    Iinl.le    Schafer.      Entered 

I   "^.    with    Troop    K.   .114th 


UEW  A.  SCUARIO,  SEAMAN, 

U.  S.  N. 

703-rommercial    Street,    Danvill 
Born  m   Danville,  Illinois,  Janua 
Son    of   Caroline    Meyers    .Schari 
leered  .\pril  21.  1911.  with  the  U 

,    Illinois 

ry  7.  1888. 
.      Volun- 
S.  Navy. 

PRIVATE   HARRV   SCHARLOU 
South   Griffin,    Danville,  Illinois.     Born 

Danville.    Illinois,    February    2.i.    189.i. 
of   Chris   and    Eva   Schaible    Scharlou. 

jntecred  April   11,  1917.  with  the   149ih 

5.  Field  Artillery,  Battery  A. 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  SCHATZ 
17  Fifth  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois.  Bo 
March  111,  1888,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  S( 
of  Joseph  and  Mary  McGee  Schatz.  E 
tcrcd  service  June  3,  1918,  with  the  21 
Infantry,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  C.  SCHEIRMANN 
106  South  Minnesota  Avenue,  Danville, 
Illinois.  Born  March  8,  1896.  in  Eaton, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Francis  and  Clarisse 
Scheirmann.  Entered  service  May  22,  1918, 
with  the  U.  S.  Infantry  Replacement  Camp, 
Company  C. 


LOUIS  SCHIMMELL. 
FIREMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
711  May  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  New  York  City,  New  York,  April  5, 
1889.  Son  of  Louis  Schiramell,  Sr.,  and 
Rose  Thumb  Te.sch  Schimmell.  Volun- 
teered in  June,  1912,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


May  9,  1887,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Henry  and  the  late  Hattie  Huff  Schlensker. 
Entered  service  April  3,  1918,  with  the  68th 
U.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  Battery  D. 


PRIVATE  JULIUS  SCHERMAYEii 
905  East  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
Son  of  Charles  and  Minnie  Level enz  Scher- 
irayer.  Born  July  21,  1896.  in  DanvMle, 
Illinois.  Entered  service  August  27,  191. S, 
with  Company  E,  58th  U.  S.  Pioneer  In 
fantry. 


Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  June 
Son  of  Charles  Schermayer  and  Minnie 
Leverenz  Schermayer.  Volunteered  May  8, 
1918,  with  the  U.   S.   Radio  Operators. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  E.  SCHNEIDK 
207  Robin.son  Street,  Danville,  Illint 
Born  in  Ripley,  Ohio,  January  2,  18' 
Son  of  Gustave  A.  Schneider  and  Myr 
Hughes    Schneider.      Volunteered    June 


191 


vith  the   U.  S.   Cavalr 


SERGEANT  CLYDE  A.  SCHNEIDER 
207  Robinson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois 
Born  in  Ripley,  Ohio,  July  24.  1892.  Sot 
of  Gustave  A.  .Schneider  and  Myrtle  Hughe: 
Schneider.  Volunteered  April  10,  1913 
with   the  U.   S.   Cavalry   Band. 


PRIVATE  GUSTAV  D.  SCHNEIDER 
207  Robinson  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Ripley,  Ohio,  January  15,  1898. 
Son  of  Gustave  A.  Schneider  and  Myrtle 
Hughes  Schneider.  Volunteered  January  8, 
1918,  with  the  II.  S.  Aviation  Signal  Corps. 


P#^ 


k 


PRIVATE  MARTIN  A.  SCHRADER 
630  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  1,  18S6,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Frank  and  Mary  Weber  Schrader.  Volun- 
teered June  28,  1918,  with  the  121st  U.  S. 
infantry,  Company  B. 


PRIVATE  ARNOLD  A.  SCHRADER 
63U  South  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  29,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Frank  and  Mary  Weber  Schrader.  Volun- 
teered January,  1918.  with  the  351st  U.  S. 
Infantry,   Utilities  Division. 


PRIVATE 
CLARENCE  F.  SCHONNEBAUM 
^2i  Green  Street,  Danville,  Illinois,  Born 
February  \G,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Fred  C.  and  Minnie  Friedrich  Schonne- 
baum.  Volunteered  June  17,  1918,  with  the 
120th  U-  S.  Spruce  Squadron. 


CORPORAL  ALBERT  H.  SCHULTZ 
928  East  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  April  22,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Minnie  Drews  Schultz. 
Entered  service  April  28,  1918,  with  Com- 
pany A,  35Sth  Resiment,  I'.  S.  Infantry. 


CORPORAL  AUSTIN  R.  SCHUMAKER 
1709  Gregg  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
in  Indiana,  Februirv  16.1891.  Volunteered 
with  Battery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 
67th    Brigade,    4_'d    Division.     Rainbow    Di- 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  SCOTT 
312  West  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  January  11.  1895,  in  Scotland.  Illi- 
nois Son  of  I.  D.  and  Jennie  Dillon  Scott. 
Entered  service  May  25,  1918,  with  the  34th 
Regiment.  Company  A,  U.  S.  Engineers. 


Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Sco 
noi^..  March  16,  1898.  Son  of  I.  D.  a 
Jennie  Dillon  Scott.  Entered  service  wi 
the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps;  transferred 
Company  D,  2Sth  U.  S.  Engineers. 

2sn 


October  8,  1891,  in  Danville.  Illinois.  Son 
of  Charles  and  Ida  Johnson  Seaborg.  En- 
tered service  June  3,  1918,  with  Headquar- 
ters Company,  21st  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  IRA  S.  SEAMAN 
14  South  Griffin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Dewey,  Illinois,  September  11, 
1887.  Son  of  Edward  Seaman  and  Ella 
Parnell  Seaman.  Volunteered  March  26, 
1917.  with  Battery  A,  M9th  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery.  Rainbow  Division,  67th  BriRade, 
42d  Division. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  SEATON 
17  Indiana  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
March  3,  1897,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  and  Nellie  RadebauRh 
Seaton.  Husband  of  Pearl  McReynolds 
Seaton.  Entered  service  September  6,  1918, 
with  the  15th  U.  S.  Provisional  Recruiting 
Company,  Engineers  Replacement. 


CORPORAL  WILLIAM  SEIBERT 
713  East  North  Street,  Danville,  Illino 
Born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland.  Son 
George  Seibert  and  Elizabeth  Seibert.  V 
unteered  with  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillei 
Battery  A,  Rainbow  Division. 


of  Charl 
Chandler  Scidler  .  Ent 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  I 
Xo.  2,  Company  27.  ^ 
gineers.  Company  E. 


PRIVATE  ROSCciK  Slll.ll  Y.\l  KR 
535  South  Bowman  Sliccl,  Uaiivillc,  111 
nois.  Born  April  3,  1887,  in  Broctnn,  III 
nois.  Son  of  William  and  Lile  Loutha 
Seilhymer.  Entered  service  in  Novembe 
1917,  with  the  8th  U.  S.  Field  Artiller; 
Battery   F. 


,  WALTER  SHAFFER,  V.  S.  N. 
lion  Grove.  Illinois.  Born  in  Chicago, 
s.  March  7.  1894.  Son  of  Walter 
Shaffer  and  Anna  Christine  Shaffer. 
son  of  Major  H.  P.  Shaffer,  a  Mexi- 
nd   Civil   War  Veteran.      Volunteered 


1917, 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  A.  SIIANK 
R.  F.  D.  No.  3.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  25.  1892.  in  Bismark,  Illinois.  Sor 
of  Samuel  P.  and  Elizabeth  J.  Eaglir 
Shank.  Entered  service  April  3,  1918,  wit! 
the  U.  S.  Coast  -Artillery  Corps,  68th  Regi 


CORPORAL  ALBERT  P.  SHANKS 
31  West  Fourteenth  Street,  Danville.  II 
nois.  Horn  July  31,  1894,  in  Ridgefari 
Illinois.  Son  of  James  w'.  and  Rosie 
Short  Shanks.  Entered  service  June  2 
1"18,  with  the  1st  Regiment,  Battery 
U.  S.  F.  A.   R.   D. 

251 


SERGEANT  JAMES  C.    SHARP 
204  West  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born    in    Rossville,    Illinois,    June   4,    1895. 
Son  of    Caleb  E.  Sharp  and  Linnie  Harail- 


"Ts 


it 

SERGEANT 
DONALD  DREXEL  SHEPHERD 
1314  West  Williams  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  March  24,  1892.  Son  of 
William  A.  Shepherd  and  Maggie  Donald- 
son Shepherd.  Volunteered  February,  1914, 
with  Company  I.  Was  honorably  discharged 
from  service  on  account  of  ill  health.  Died 
September  8,   1917. 


PRIVATE  ROSCOE  L.  SHEPHERD 
1201  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  lUinoi 
Born  in  Indianola,  Illinois,  August  13,  189; 
Son  of  Frank  Shepherd  and  Mninie  Swan 
Shepherd.  Entered  service  April  29.  19H 
with   the   U.   S.   Infantry. 


SERGEANT  JOSEPH   C.    SHELTON 
414     Walnut      Street,      Danville,     Illinois, 
lorn  November  19.  1880.  in  Covington,  In- 
iana.      Son    of    Calvin    and    Florence    M. 


and  "j'o.-^eph  "C.  "jr!  '  Shelton.     Volunteered 
January  2fi,  1918.  with     the  U.  S.  Quarter- 


mM 


Daniel  and  Lena  Ritzka  Shouse.  Volun 
;red  in  April.  1917.  with  the  I49th  U.  S 
eld    Artillery.    Battery    A. 


LESTER    M.    SIBREL 
SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
1002    East    Main    Street.    Danville,    Illinois. 
Born    April    13,    1899,  in   Danville,   Illinois. 
Son    of    Arthur    F.    and    Nora    F.    Ingram 
Sihril.     Enlisted    in    June.    1918.    with    the 


RAYMOND  C.  SHVEV 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
23  West  Harrison  Street,  Danville,  Illi 
nois.  Born  November  25,  1897,  in  Williams 
port,  Indiana.  Son  of  Frank  and  Milvinis 
Shuey.  Enlisted  in  February.  1916.  with 
the   r.    S.    Navy. 


Born  in  Fort  Wayne.  Indiana.  November 
13,  1890.  Son  of  Cole  Shumaker  and  Hat- 
tie  VVoolpert  Shumaker.  Volunteered  May 
17,  1918,  with  Company  2.  Engineers  Dc 
tachment.  Transferred  to  Company  B.  dSlh 
U.  S.  Engineers. 


CORPORAL  HUBERT  BUHL  SHUTTS 
2315  North  Vermilion  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  August  19,  1897.  Grandson  of 
Sidney  Buhl  and  Sarah  Myers  Buhl.  Vol- 
unteered with   Battery  A.   149th   U.  S.   Field 


PRIVATE  DAVID  T.  SIDEBOTTOM 
419  N.  Jackson,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  22,  1876,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Nancy  E.  Irvin  Sidebottom  and  the  late 
George  Sidebottom.  Volunteered  May  1, 
1918,  with     the   18lh   U.   S.   Infantry,  Com- 


'RUATE  ALVA  TILLMAN  SIGMON 
i(l(.  Daniel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bon 
UKust  Jl.  IS'Jl,,  in  Loda,  Illinois.  Son  o 
•illiam  and  Angie  Hatfield  Sigmon.  En 
red   service   September  ,1,    1018. 


.if  William  and  Angie  Hatfield  Sigmon.  En- 
tered service  February  2.  1918,  with  the 
I'.    S.    Signal    Corps,    Qlh    I-ield    Battalion, 


t()KP(iR.\L    LEO    F. 

SIMPSON 

22    Fifth    AviTiue,    Danville, 

Illinois.     Bor 

in    April,    18'J7,    in    Danville 

,    Illinois.     Hu 

band    of    Lena    Russell    Sii 

mpson.       Volu. 
the   68th    U.   S 

teered  May   13,   1918,   with 

Engineers.  Company  A. 

PRIVATE  WARREN  SIMMS 
R.  No.  1,  Danville.  Illinois.     Born  Apr 
1802,    in    Ridgefarin.    Illinois.      Son    o 
Iward  and  Lucy  Fullon   Simms.     Entere 


PRIVATE    HARRY    SIMMS 
U.     R.     No.     1.     Danville,     Illinois.      Bo 
January   24,    1897.    in    Charleston,    Illino 
Son   of   Edward    and    Lucy    Fulton    Simn 
Entered  service  September  ti.  19I«. 


CORPORAL  HARRY   W.    SKADDEN 
t.   R.   No.   8,   Danville,   Illinois.      Born    De- 
ember  27.   1896.   in    Mason   City.    ' 


Field  Artillery,   Rainbo« 


ith  the   149th 


PRIVATE  BURTON  W.  SLAUGHTER 
liiQ  East  Williams  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
r.orn  October  22,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  W  .and  Genevieve  M.  Mc 
(leaf  Slaughter.  Volunteered  May  16,  1918, 
ivith   the  3rd  U.  S.   Field  Artillery,  Battery 


PRIVATE 
CLIFFORD  C.  CUNNINGHAM  SMITH 
9117     Noj;th     Walnut     Street.     Danville,    Illi- 
Augu 


Born  February  12,  1894,  in  Steam  Corner, 
Indiana.  Son  of  Al  and  Nettie  Smith. 
Husband  of  Gladys  Ruby  Wiggs  Smith.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918.  with  the  123rd 


LIKl"Il,i\A\l    COI  0\KL 

KIRWIN    TAYLOR   SMITH 

Danville,  Illinois      Horn  in  Catlin,  Illinoi 

January  14,  1877.     Son  ot  Robert  C.  smil 

■  ■     ~     •       Smith.     Volunteered  i 


o 
^i 


h^ 


CAPTAIN 
Danville,  Illino 


17,    with    the    59th    U.    S. 


MAJOR 

ESTILL  V.    SMITH 

Danville,  Illino 
September  IS, 
Cynthia     Taylo 

s.     Born  in  Catlin,  Illi 
889.      Son  of  Robert  C 
r     Smith.       Volunteerec 

the  Machine  Gun   C, 


PRI\ATI  i,l.i>Kl,i:  ALFRED  SMITH 
.S27  ll.iniiuii  Slrctt.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  Julv  4.  1899.  in  Hedrick.  Indiana.  Son 
of  P.  G.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  L.  Randell  Smith. 
Volunteered  May  12,  1917,  with  the  5th 
V.  S.  Ammunition  Train,  Company  G. 


PRIVATE    GEORGE    F.    SMITH 
R.    F.    D.    No.    8,    Danville,    Illinois.     Born 
luly    14,    1895,   in   Tilton.   Illinois.      Son   of 
Charles    H.    and    Aganbell    Sheets    Smith. 
Husband  of  Bertha  C.  Jenkins  Smith.     Eti- 


ered 
Regim 


th   the   68tl 


PRIVATE  HARRY  A.  SMITH 
1102  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  January  29,  1888.  in  Chicago,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Fred  W.  and  Mary  Smith.  Entered 
service  May  20,  1918,  with  the  106th  U.  S. 
Engineers,  Company  E. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  BENTON  SMITH 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
January  21,  1895,  in  Sidell,  Illinois.  Son 
of  D.  K.  and  Ida  Prouse  Smith.  Husband 
of  Laura  Phippe  Smith.  Entered  service 
September  6^  1918,  with  the  12th  Provisional 


PRIVATE  LOWELL  W.  SMITH 
808  Sherman  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Danville.  Illinois,  June  8.  1894.  Son  of 
J.  H.  Smith  and  Mary  Bacon  Smith.  Vol- 
unteered June  3,  1918,  with  the  5th  Recruit- 
ing Company,  21st  U.  S.  Infantry.  Trans- 
ferred to  Company  I,  21st  U.   S.  Infantry. 

254 


PRIVATE  RAYMOND  C.  SMITH 
20  Pine  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
Tuscola,  Illinois.  August,  1897.  Son 
James  Smith.  Volunteered  April  2,  19 
with  the  U.  S.  Headquarters  Supply  Co 
pany,    53rd    Artillery. 


PRIVATE  HUMEK  H.  SMI  1  H 
129  Franklin  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  August  13.  1894,  in  Georgetown.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Oliver  C.  and  Cora  A.  Smith. 
V'olunteered  April  30.  1917.  with  the  149th 
r.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Battery  A.  Trans- 
ferrcd  to  Headquarters  Company. 


SERGEANT  RUSSELL  G.  SMITH 
701  ;^  West  Madison  Street,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  January  21.  1896.  in  Brocton. 
Illinois.  Son  of  Oliver  G.  and  Cora  A. 
Smith.  Husband  of  Mary  G.  Smith.  En- 
tered service  December  6.  1917,  with  the 
U.  S.  Aviation.  Served  with  Illinois  Na- 
tional  Guards. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  SMITH 
405  Avenue  A,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Glasgow,  Scotland.  Son  of  William  and 
and  Janet  Tully  Smith.  Husband  of  Agnes 
Phillips  Smith,  and  father  of  William,  Ma- 
rion, Margrett  and  Mary.  Entered  .service 
June  13,  1918,  with  the  Canadian  Army. 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  M.  SMITH 
1130  Walnut  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  3.  1893.  in  Chatrpaign  ('ounly. 
Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  A.  M.  and  Mary 
Elizabeth  Jurgensmeyer  Smith.  Entered 
service  June  20,    1918.   with    the   Ray  Army 


PRIVATE  HOWARD  B.  SMITH 
1130    North    Walnut    Street,    Danville.    Illi- 
nois.    Born  in  Champaign  County.   Illinois. 
September  13.  1892.     Son  of  Charles  A.  M. 
Smith    and    Mary    Elizabeth    Jurgensmeyer 


Smith.      Volunteered    December     10.     1917, 
with  Company   15,  Casual   Deta 
tor  Mechanic  Regulars. 


Mo- 


Born  February  28,  1898,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  William  G.  and  Lula  B. 
Smutz.  Entered  service  June  12,  1918,  with 
2d  Company,  15th  U.  S.  Regiment. 


925  Kingdom  .Avenue.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Fountain  County.  Indiana,  in  1896. 
Son  of  Austin  Smith  and  Emily  Robbins 
Smith.  Entered  service  May  26.  1918,  with 
the  t".  S.  Army.  Received  an  honorable 
discharee  from  the  U.  S.  Navy,  November 
28.  1917. 


92j  Kingdom  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Kingman,  Indiana,  May  31,  1898. 
Son  of  Austin  Smith  and  Emily  Robbins 
Smith.      Volunteered   March   25,   1917,   with 


PRIVATE  WESLEY  A.  SNIDER 
204  West  North  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  February  27.  1889,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Wesley  and  Mary  E.  Snider. 
Entered  service  July  28,  1918,  with  the  31st 
Division,    U.    S.    Headquarters    Department. 


J.  H.  SOAPES.  SEAMAX.  U.  S.  N. 
Danville,   Illinois.      Born   in    Pana.   Illinois. 
September   17,    1897.      Son    of   Ella   Rhodes 
Soapes.  Volunteered  January  26,  1918,  with 
the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  LEO  RAY  SONGER 
R  R  No  8  East  Fourteenth  Street.  Dan- 
ville Illinois  Born  in  Danville.  Illinois, 
February  20  1895.  Son  of  George  Songer 
and  Stella  Songer,  Entered  service  May 
27,  1918,  with  Company  11,  Detention 
Camp.  U.  S.  Artillery.  Transferred  tn 
Company  I.    1 49th    U.   S.   Infantry. 


RAYMOND  GURTON  SOUTHWORTH 
843  East  Main  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Allerton,  Illinois,  July  7,  1890. 
Son  of  John  J.  Southworth  and  Marv  Ir- 
win Southworth.  Volunteered  February 
28,  1918.  with  the  V.  S.  Merchant  Marines. 


SERGEANT  KENNETH  SPANG 
513  Walnut  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Allerton,  Illinois,  May  14,  1893.  Son 
of  Thomas  H.  Spang  and  Lulu  Kilgore 
Spang.  Volunteered  in  March,  1916.  with 
the   U.  S.  Motor  Truck  Division. 


SERGEANT  CELI.A  \.  .<(i\\l_R.s 
630  East  Seminary  Avluuc,  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  November  29,  1890,  in  E'ountain 
County.  Indiana.  Son  of  Joseph  A.  and 
Elina  Livingston  Sowers.  Entered  service 
in  May,  1918,  with  the  6th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
72d  Company. 


SERGEANT  WELLINGTON  SPANGLER 
514  Sherman  Street,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
November  1,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Lriu  and  Olive  II.  Spangler.  En- 
tered service  in  August.  1917,  with  the 
309th    U.    S.    Infantry,    Company   D. 


PRIVATE  EARL  ELIS  SPICER 
303  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  15,  1901,  in  Indianola,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Allen  David  and  Rosa  Belle  Lan- 
ham  Spicer.  Entered  service  in  January, 
1918.  with  the  6th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  G. 


LIEUTENANT  LOUIS  SPILMAN 
1709  Gregg  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Crawfordsville.  Indiana,  January  7.  1898. 
Son  of  Mrs.  Tony  Gwinnip.  Volunteered 
in  1916.  with  Company  C.  2d  Indiana  In- 
fantry; transferred  to  the  U.  S.  Aviation 
Corps. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  STAGGS 
13  S.  Main  Street.  South  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Born  June  5,  1893.  in  Wavclin.  In- 
diana. Son  of  James  and  Sarah  Ball 
Staggs.  Entered  service  May  26.  1918,  with 
the  46th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Headquarters  Com- 
pany. 


CORPORAL  JOHN  WILBUR  STANTON 
111  Bryan  Avenue,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
December  24.  1895.  in  New  Goshen,  In- 
diana. Son  of  Edward  and  Sara  Tackson 
Stanton.  Volunteered  June  4.  1918,  with 
the  314lh  V.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  D. 


Illinois.  Son  of  William  E.  and  Jessie 
S.  Hale  Stearns.  Enlisted  June  1,  1018, 
with    the    U.    S.    Naval    Aviation    Unit. 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  E.  STEBBINS 
22  South  Alexander  Street,  Danville,  II 
nois.  Born  August  25,  1887,  in  Murph> 
boro,  Illinois  Son  of  Charles  E.  and  Eliz 
beth  McClintock  Slebbins.  Entered  servi 
May  10,  1918,  with  the  7th  U.  S.  Ai 
munition  Train,  Company  D. 


PRIVATE  MARION  STEELE 
.114  East  Williams  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  28,  1895.  in  Hedrick,  In- 
diana. Son  of  Frank  and  Eliza  Weisman 
Steele.  Volunteered  in  1916  with  Company 
I:   with    121st    U.   S.  Infantry,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  STEI 
R.    F.    D.    No-    8,    Danville.    Illinoi 
in    September,    1898,    in    Poland. 
It;nac    and    Nepomecina    Stefaniak. 
teered   May   12,   1917,   with   the    14th  U. 
Infantry,  Battery  E 


ary  9,  1K89,  in  Wingate,  Indiana. 
. -..  of  Albert  E.  and  Alice  J.  Ginks 
Stephens.  Husband  of  Martha  Lynch 
Stephens.     Volunteered  June  28.  1918,  with 


PRIVATE  CLINTON  STEVENS 
R.  R.  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  April  2,  1899.  Son 
of  Lee  Stevens  and  Mary  Bishop  Stevens. 
Entered  service  May  17,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  ARCHIE  STEVENS 
R.  R.  No.  8,  Danville.  Illinois.  Born  in 
Grape  Creek,  Illinois,  May  7,  1896.  Son 
of  Lee  Stevens  and  Mary  Bi.shop  Stevens. 
Entered  service  July  24,  1917,  with  Com- 
pany B,  3rd  Illinois  Field  Artillery,   U.   S. 


4  VJ^ 

PRIVATE  HARRY  LEE  STILES 
Danville,  Illinois.  Born  February  14,  1887, 
in  Mount  Carmel,  Illinois,  Son  of  John 
and  Ora  Bell  l^utshaw  Stiles.  Husband  of 
Blanche  E.  Marguard  Stiles.  Entered  serv- 
ice May  10,  1918,  with  the  21st  U.  S.  In- 
fantry, Company  L. 


PRIVATE  GUY  STITT 
inu  West  Fairchild  Street,  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Born  in  Danville,  Illinois,  January 
14,  1890.  Son  of  Elizabeth  Eacret  Stitt. 
Entered  service  April  29,  with  Company  H, 
357th    U.    S.   Infantry. 


1  STOIKD.VLK 
Danville,  Illinois 
in  Brazil.  Illinois 
Lions    Stockdale 


March  2i,  1895,  in  Windsor,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Robert  V.  and  Alberta  Roby  Storm. 
Husband  of  Mildred  C.  Harter  Storm.  En- 
tered service  October  1,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  628,  Coirpany  18. 


I'RIN'ATE  MERVIN  STKAI)I-,K 
1404  Cleveland  Avenue,  DanvilU-,  llliTini,. 
Born  April  11,  1894,  in  Mollett,  Indiana. 
Son  of  R.  and  Mary  Shoyer  Strader.  Vol- 
unteered in  April,  1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  Battery  A. 


PRIVATE 
ERNEST  THOMAS  STRAWBRIDGE 
519  West  Madison  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charle.i 
C.  Strawbridge  and  Katie  B.  Henderson 
Strawbridgc.  Volunteered  May  9,  1917,  with 
Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  67tl- 
Brigade,   42d   Division    Rainbow   Division. 


UXl.l  Texas  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
June  18,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  H.  and  Lena  Imgrund  Strawser. 
Enlisted    May    25.    1917,    with    the    U.    S. 


PRIVATE  HOMER  STRICKLETT 
050  East  Fairchild  Street,  Danville,  Illino 
Born  in  Vanceburg,  Kentucky,  July  : 
1899.  Son  of  Alice  and  Isaac  Strickle 
Volunteered  December  15,  1917,  with  t 
13lh  U.  S.  Cavalry. 


PRIVATE  ALBERT  STRONG 
802  Grant  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
February  12.  1896.  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Albert  H.  and  Lillian  1.  Strong. 
Entered  service  May  25.  1918.  with  the  14th 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  F. 


JOSEPH  SULLIVAN.  SEAMAN,  U. 
210  Commercial  Street,  Danville,  111 
Born  September  25,  1893,  in  Clintoi 
Wisconsin.  Son  of  Dennis  Joe  and 
May  Brick  Sullivan.  Enlisted  in 
1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


309  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
September  4,  1890,  in  Brazil,  Indiana.  Son 
of  John  and  Florence  W.  Lamoreaux  Sup- 
ple. Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with 
the  Veterinarian  Corps,  U.  S.  Medical  De- 
partment, Headquarters  Company,  31st  Di- 


PRIVATE  LEO  EMMET  SUPPLE 
309  Franklin  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Bo 
January  14,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  S^ 
of  John  and  Florence  W.  T,amoreaux  Su 
pie.  Entered  service  June  28,  1918,,  wi 
the  V.  S.  Engineering  Corps,  31st  Divisio 


Div 


PRIVATE  SOL  SUSLER 
13  S.  Hazel  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Austria.  Son  of  Max  Suslcr.  Volun- 
teered in  May,  1917,  with  the  25th  U.  S. 
Cavalry;  transferred  to  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 83rd  U.   S.   Field  Artilfcry. 


LIEUTENANT  COLONEL 
DAVID    ROSS    SWAIM 
jymond    Avenue,    Danville,    Illinois 
n   Freemont.    Illinois,   in   September 


-% 


^.1- 


1& 


ELMER  WILLIAM  SWISHER 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
217  Vance  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  1 
in  Danville,  Illinois,  February  23,  1 
Son  of  Edwin  Swisher  and  Minnie  Leve 
Swisher.  Volunteered  May  14,  1918, 
Company  9,    Regiment  7. 


of  Edward  Swisher  and  Minnie  Lcverenz 
Swisher.  Entered  service  April  3.  1918, 
with  Company   10,  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery. 


:  Talbert.   Husband 
May 

21.    1918,    with    the    14lh    U.    S.    Infantry. 
Company    F. 


4> 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  E.  TALLMAN 
627  Grant  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Indiana.  January  4,  1891.  Son  of  James 
A.  Tallman  and  Emma  Tallman.  Volun- 
teered  May  20.  1918.  with  the  4th  Company. 
Engineers  Recruiting  Detachment. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  E.  TANNER 
613  West  Madison  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Danville.  Illinois.     Son  of  Samuel 
and    Minnie    Tanner.      Husband    of    Goldie 
Tanner  and  father  of  Dorothy.  Harold  and 


Velet; 
1918. 


V.    S.    Ar 


March. 


CALVIN  TAYLOR 
BLACKSMITH,  U.  S.  N.  R.  F. 
511  Sheridan  Street.  Danville.  Illinois  Born 
November  19,  1892,  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Ruth  Wilson  and  the  late  Henry 
Taylor.  Husband  of  Hazel  Bratton  Taylor 
and  father  ol  Robert  C  Taylor.  Viilunteered 
June  6.1918.  with  the  V.  S.   I'ubllc  Works. 


TOP    SERGEANT 

CHARLES   H.  TAYLOR 

412  Sidell  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.    Born 

in  Danville,  Illinois,  October  9,    1896.     Son 

3f   William    Taylor   and    Norah    Wells   Tay 


ed   Dece 
th    U. 


1913, 


CORPORAL    FRED    TAYLOR 


or.  Husband  ol  the  1 
Volunteered  with  the 
National  Guards.  Co 
23rd    U.    S.    Machine 


.  Taylor. 


I engen 
Hiteered 
d  Artil- 


12     Cronkhite     Avenue,     Danville,     Illinois. 

Born  August  26,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 

of  Frank  C.  and  Laura  McMillan  Ten- 

isted    in    July,     1918,    with    the 


rv.     Enli. 
S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  ARTHUR  W. 
Jewell  St 


IIEDE 
eet,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  Thiede  and  Martha  Cohn 
Thiede  Entered  service  June  3,  1918.  with 
the  V  S.  Infantry  Replacement  Company, 
Company  G,  8th   Battalion. 

260 


December  16,  1896,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  Thiede  and  Martha  Cohn 
Thiede.  Volunteered  December  10,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Aviation  Corps,  as  first- 
class  mechanic. 


PRIVATE 
HAROLD   ARTHUR   THOMPSON 

1822    East    Main    Street.    Danville.    Hlii 
Born   November   17.    1894.  in   Chicago, 
nois.       Son    of    Arthur    J.    and     Emily 
Lake  Thompson.      Entered  service  July 
I<518.     with     the    4th     U.     S-     Replaccrr 
Resimcnt.  Company  C. 

ATE  ROV  LAKE  THOMPSON 
22  East  Main  Street.  Danville.  Illinoi; 
rn  August  19.  1896,  in  Worth.  Illinoi: 
n  of  Arthur  J.  and  Emily  C.  Lake  Thorn] 
1.  Entered  service  September  6.  191! 
Ih    the   2d    Battalion.   C.    S.    Engineers. 


June  1.  1891,  in  Metcalf.  Illinois.  Son  of 
Richard  and  Louisa  Holmes  Thompson. 
Entered  service  June  27,  1918.  with  the 
123rd   V.   S.   Infantry.   Company    L. 


Anna  lackson  'fhornton.  Husband  of 
Nellie  Martin  Thornton,  and  father  of  Ed 
ward  Martin,  Jess  D.  and  Dorothy  E. 
Thornton.  Entered  service  with  the  'l  29th 
U.    S.    Infantry 


IKANK  L.  TILTON,  SEAMAN  U. 
Soldiers'  Home.  Danville.  Illinois, 
in  Paris.  Tennessee,  January  17,  1900. 
of  Charles  L.  Tilton  and  Bonnie  Mc 
less  Tilton.  Volunteered  Tanuarv  17, 
with  the  U.  S.  Xavv. 


SERGEANT 
EDWARD  MARTIN  THORNTON 

PRIVATE 
HAROLD     S.    THROCKMORT 

4U4      Franklin      Street.      Danville.      Illinois. 
Horn    September   3,   1898.    in    Danville,    Illi- 
nois.      Son     of     EaHe     Clarke    and     kellie 
Martin     Thornton.     Volunteered     with     the 
U.  S.  Army;  now  with  the  129th  U.  S.  In- 
fantry. 

103  W.  Harrison  Street.  Danville. 
Born  in  Urbana.  Illinois.  December 
Son  of  J.  \V.  Throckmorton  and 
Throckmirton.  Entered  service 
1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Army 

MUST    LIEITENANT 
WILLIAM  C.  TIMM 
cnncssce     Street.     Danville.     Illinois, 
in    Danville.    Illinois,    December    26, 
Son    of    W'iliam     Timm,     Sr.,     and 
Schonebach     Timm.       Volunteered. 
5  years  of  service  with  the  U.  S.  Ma- 
Gun    Battalion;    with    Company    B, 
Machine  Gun   Battalion,  33d  Division. 


CHAUFFEUR  RAYMOND  H.  TOMS, 
812  Gilbert  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  28,  1896,  in  Sleeper,  Missouri. 
Son  of  John  C.  and  Susie  G.  Toms.  En- 
tered Service  June  15,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Ray  Auto  School. 


SERGEANT  ROBERT  A.  TROBAUGH 
9  Railroad  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Kentucky  December  26,  1892.  Son  of 
Nathan  Trobaugh  and  Isabella  Trobaugh. 
Volunteered  in  June,  1917,  with  the  U9th 
U.    S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  EGBERT  TONEY 


John  and  N; 
of  Anna  Gil 
ford   Toney. 


:et.  Danville,  Illinoii 
ley  Vaunce  Toney. 
on  Toney  and  fathe 
Entered  service  wi 
.  Now  with  the  1' 
V.  Battery  D. 


SERGEANT   CARLTON  TIDRICK 
Jacks. 


PRIVATE  EARL  P.  TRENT 
614  Gilbert  Street,  Danville,  Illin 
Born  January  22,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illin 
Son  of  Oscar  J.  and  Sophia  C.  Tn 
Husband  of  Jessie  C.  Trent.  Entered 
vice  June  28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Ar 
129th    S.    P.    D. 


PRIVATE  HAROLD  A.  TRIMBY 
19  Indiana  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  5,  1893,  in  Decatur,  Illinois.  Son  of 
John  and  Emma  Bartlett  Trimby.  Entered 
service  in  September,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Engineering  Corps,  .Sth  Battalion,  Com- 
pany   E. 


CORPORAL  CLOYD  E.  TRAUT, 
305  Bensyl  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  21,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  James  C.  and  Lillie  D.  Smoot  Traut. 
Entered  service  May  28,  1918,  with  the 
First    Replacement    Regiment,   Company   M. 


it  CHARLES  LULLS  TKL'SE, 
Brook  Street.  Danville.  Illinois 
April  9.  1895,  in  St.  Louis.  Missouri 
of  Herman  and  Elizabeth  (llause 
e.  Entered  service  September  21 
with    Company    A,    38th    I".    S.    En 


PRIVATE  LUUIS  ALBERT 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8.  Danville.  Illii 
March  29.  1892,  in  Ripley.  Ohio.  Son  of 
Jesse  W.  and  Kate  P.  Lake  Turner.  En- 
tered service  April  3,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery  Corps,  38th  Regiment,  Bat- 
talion A. 


PRIVATE 

CHARLES  FREDRICK  TURNER 

R.    F.    D.    No.    8.    Danville.    Illinois.      Born 

April  2,   1894.  in   Richmond,  Indiana.     Son 

of    Jesse    W.    and    Kate    P.    Lake    Turner. 

May  22,  1918,  with  the  37th 


of  James  M.  Tuggle 
Volunteered  in  1903 
:hine  Gun  Battalion. 


Illinois.      Born     in      Danville.     Illinois, 
1891.      Son    of    Charles    Turner    and    Cla 
Turner.      Volunteered   in    May.    1918,    wi 
Company  A,  6th  Regiment,  U.  S.  Navy. 


ot  oeorge  and  Mary  Downing  Tuttle. 
Husband  of  Cecelia  Porter  Tuttle,  and 
father  of  George  Allen  Tuttle.  Entered 
service  June  26.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
A.    A.    R.    D.,    1st    Battery. 


-. Vs*--:^ 


sirfmtmiFg^Smt 


Son  of  Mack  and  Isabel  l^ngley  Tuttle. 
Volunteered  August  3,  1917,  with  the  636th 
l".   S.   Aero  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  RAV  OLIVER  ILERV 
107  Stroup  Street.  Danville.  Illinois.  Born 
March  29.  1895.  in  Carmcl,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Chauncey  and  Laura  Thornton  L'lery.  Vol- 
unteered February  22,  1915,  with  the  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery,  Company  9. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  F.  UHLEIX 
730  Wayne  Street,  Danville,  111.  Born 
November  16,  1887,  in  Danville,  111.  Son 
of  Charles  and  Helen  Schrocder  Uhlein. 
Entered  service  lune  3,  1918.  with  the 
21st  U.    S.   Infantry,   Company   B. 


,>*.% 


PRIVATE  STANLEY  J.  URBANSKI 
R.  F.  D.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  May 
2.  1897.  in  LaSalle,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Annie  Tomczik  Urbanski  and  the  late  Val- 
entine Urbanski.  Volunteered  June  20, 
1917,    with    the   41st    U.    S.    Infantry,    Com- 


PRIVATE  HERMAN  J.  UHLEIN 
730  Wayne  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  2,  1890,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Charles  and  Helen  Schroeder  Uhlein. 
Entered  service  June  3,  1918,  with  the 
314th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  F. 


PRIVATE  HARVEY  L.  VANCE 
R.  F.  D.  No.  6.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
April  17,  1889,  in  Springfield,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Harry  A.  and  Valeria  Howell  Vance. 
Husband  of  the  late  Irene  Peal  Vance,  and 
father  of  Harvev  Vance.  Entered  serv- 
ice June  24,  1918',  with  the  9th   R.  D.,   Bat- 


■ille,  Illinois,  January  16,  1897.  Son 
of  William  Unger  and  Nellie  Philips 
Unger.  Volunteered  in  April.  1917.  with 
Battery  A,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
67th    Bri-gade.   42d    Divi.-ion. 


PRIVATE  HARRY  E.  VANCE,  JR. 
R.  F.  D.  No.  6.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
February  9,  1893,  in  Springfield,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Harry  A.  and  Valeria  Howell 
Vance.  Entered  service  June  24,  1918,  with 
the  2nil   Reciment.   Battery   A,   A.   F.   R.   D., 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  H.  VAN  NEST 
2411  E.  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  June  1,  1892,  in  Evansville,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Willis  and  Lucy  Yaeger  Van 
Nest.  Husband  of  Lucile  Ricfcer  Van 
Nest.  Entered  service  in  April,  1917,  with 
the  Medical  Department,  20th  U.  S.  In- 
fantry. 


PRIVATE  DONALD  VAN  NEST 
2411  E.  Main  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  November  22,  1897,  in  Mattoon,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Willis  and  Lucy  Yaeger 
Van  Nest.  Entered  service  August  9,  1918, 
with   the  V.   S.  Army. 


PRIVATE 
EDWARD  KELLAND  VALENTINE 
701  E.  Williams  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  March  31,  1896,  in  Litchfield,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Harry  W.  and  Ellen  N.  James 
Valentine.  Entered  service  June  28,  1918, 
with  Company  D,  1 24th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  KARL  C.  VAUGHN 
36  Michigan  Street,  Danville,  Illinois  Bon 
July  17.  1891,  in  Jefferson  County,  Illinois 
Son  of  Stephen  and  Etna  Bumpus  Vaughn 
Entered  service  June  3,  1918,  with  the  21s 
U.  S.  Infantry.  Company  F. 


Horn  February  16,  1898,  in  Scgo,  Ohio.  Son 
of  William  Vermillion  and  Mary  Mc- 
l.auRhlin  Verm-liion.  Volunteered  Apr:l 
9,  191S,  with  the  U.  S.  Engineer  Corps, 
Cana<lian  Army. 


lid  Mary  Maver  Vernav.  Entered  ser- 
vice June  28.  1918,  with  the  12lh  Bat- 
talion.  Company    K,    Replacement   Training 


PRIVATE    DDNALD    M.    WADE 

ORREN  H.  WADE 

PRIVATE  CHARLES  A.  WALKER 

121     N.     Hazel     Street,     Danville,     Illinois. 

121     N.     Hazel     Street.     Danville,     Illinois. 

1923      E.      Main     Street.     Danville     Illinois 

Born  June  4,   1897.  in   Muncie,  Illinois.  Son 

Son    of    E.    R.    and    Nellie    Hubbard    Wade. 

Born  August  29.  18S9.  in  Mt-  Erie.  Illinois. 
Son    of   James    and    Sarah    Butler    Walker. 

of    E.    R.   and    Nellie   Hubbard    Wade.    Vol- 

Husband     of      Lessie      Bailey      Wade.        In 

unteered    April    22,    1918.    with    the    V.    S. 

Shipyard    Service.      Making    boilers    for    C. 
S.  Submarines. 

Entered  service  in  May,  1917.  with  the  3d 
Division.  V.  S.  Supply  Train. 

Coast    Artillery.    5th    Company. 

PRIVATE  .IKSSE  WAI.l, 
305  Washington  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  1899.  Volunteered  in  May,  1916, 
with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  67th 
Brigade,  42d  Division,  Rainbow  Division, 
Battery  A. 


PRIVATE  DON  A.  WALZ 
1312     Franklin     Street,     Danville,     Illinois. 
Born   March   2,    1896,    in    Danville,   Illinois. 
Son    of   Albert    F.    and   Carrie   Knell    Walz. 
June     3,     1918,    with     the 


2d  U.   S.  Infantry,  Ileadq 


npan 


PRIVATE  ERNST  K.  WALZ 
1312  Franklin  Street,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  December  9,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Albert  F.  and  Carrie  Knell 
Walz.  Entered  service  in  June,  1918,  with 
the  U.   S.   Technical   School,   Company  A. 


SERGEANT  CLARENCE  H.  WAND 
1(MJ2  North  Collett  Avenue,  Danville,  llli- 
nois.  Born  in'  Belleville.  Illinois,  June  16, 
1897.  Son  of  Robert  Wand.  Volunteered 
1912,  with  U.  S.  Ordnance  Corps;  now 
with   122nd  Machine  Gun   Battalion. 


CORPORAL  ARTHUR  J.  WARDELL 
13  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illinois, 
lorn  in  Mosion,  Pennsylvania,  March  25, 
897.  Son  of  Ed.  M.  Wardell  and  Flor- 
nce  Miller  Wardell.  Volunteered  in 
larch,    1915,    with   the   32d    U.    S.    Infantry. 


CAPTAIN  LLOYD  L.  WARDELL 
513  Chandler  Street,  Danville,  Illino 
Born  in  DaleviUe,  Pennsylvania,  Septe 
her  8,  1889.  Son  of  Ed.  M.  Wardell  a: 
Florence  Miller  Wardell.  Volunteered 
February,  1898,  with  the  320th  V.  S.  Sign 
Field    Battalion. 


>r 


PRIVATE   BENJAMIN  A.  WASH 
Batestown  Road,  R.  R    1,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born     February     6,     1895,     in     Covington, 
Indiana.      Son    of    George    M.    and    Martha 


PRIVATE  BYRON  JAMES  WATKINS, 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1891,  in  Danville,  Illinois  Son  of 
Albert  F.  and  Emma  Bracewell  Watkins. 
June    1,     1918,     with     the 


Bakii 


Cooking  Scho 


PRIVATE  HARRY  EDWIN  WATKINS 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  15,  1893,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Albert  F.  and  Emma  Bracewell  Wat- 
kins.  Entered  service  August  27.  1918, 
with  the  5th  Anti-Aircraft  Machine  Gun 
Battalion,  Company  A- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  WATSON 
639  Wellington  Street.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  July  13,  1895,  in  Muncie,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Frank  and  Kate  Noble  Watson. 
Husband  of  Ercel  Wright  Watson.  En- 
tered service  June  28.  1918.  with  the  123d 
U.    S.    Infantry.    Company    L. 


Son  of  Edward  Watson  and  Lorena 
per  Watson.  Volunteered  May  9, 
with  the  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 


bert  and  Lutie  Clare  Phillips  Walt.  Kn- 
tered  service  in  April,  1917,  with  the  308th 
Sanitary  Train,  U.  S  Headquarters,  Ambu- 
lance Section. 


PRIVATE  FRED  WESTFALL 
320  Cherry  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
August  1,  1888,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Fred  and  Ricka  Wiese  Weslfall.  En- 
teredservice  M4y  25.  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Heavy  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  WELCH 
624  Gilbert  Street.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  17,  1901,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Thomas  Jefferson  and  Georgia  Raines 
Welch  Volunteered  with  the  5th  Illinois 
Jow  w  " 
Gun 


December     3.     1899.     Son  of     Cha 

Webb    and    Mattie    Foster  Webb, 

teered    December    9,    1917,  with    Ih 
V.      S.     Aero     Squadrc 


CORPORAL  ROY  WELCH 
624    N.    Gilbert    Street,    Danville,    Illin 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  O.  WESTON 
t22  Love  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Iroquois.  South  Dakota,  October  14, 
1888.  Son  of  Steven  O.  Weston  and  Julia 
A.  Hohson  Weston.  Volunteered  in  No- 
i-cn-ber,   1<)17,  with  the  6th  U.  S.  Infantry, 


PRIV 

ATE 

CLARENCE  M.  WHITE 

311   s.  ; 

Illinois. 
Danville, 

Company 

[et¥erson     Street, 
Born    May    11, 
Illinois.       Son 
Bromlv      W  hil 
1918,  with  the  U. 
27. 

South     Danv; 
1897.    in    So 
of    William 
te.         Voluntee 
S.  Base  Hospi 

illc. 
uth 

re^ 

:tal. 

EDWARD   EVERETT    WHITE,   JR. 

SEAMAN,    U.    S.    N. 
501    Hazel   Street,   Danville,  Illinois.      Bi 


Davenport    White.      Volunteered    Jun 
1918,    with    the    15th    Regiment,    Company 
D  D   1,   New  Aviation  Camp,   Foreign   Ser- 


PRIVATE  MARTIN  L.  WHITE 
428       N.       Vermilion       Street,       Danville 
Illinois.       Son     of     C.     J.    White.       Volun 
teered   with    Battery   A,    149th    U.   S.    Fielt 
Artillery,  67th  Brigade,  42d  Division,  Rain 


CAPTAIN  HALL  WHITEAKER 
7  Bremer  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  7,  1869,  in  New  Burnsidc,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Captain  Mark  U  hiteaker  and  Eliza- 
beth Diaton  Whiteaker.  Husband  of  Cina 
West  Whiteaker.  Entered  service  in  Sep- 
tember, 1917,  with  the  V.  S.  Medical  De- 
tachment,  Signal   Corps. 


J^ 


^ 


^Jjk. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  A.  WIDENER 
.15  Gilbert  Street,  Danville,  Illinois.  Bor 
1  Danville,  Illinois,  January  28,  1898.  Vo 
nteered  in  May,  1917,  with  the  149th  U.  5 
ield  Artillery,   Battery  A. 


PRIVATE    TOD 


Rural  Route  No.  8,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born 
September  29,  1881.  Son  of  Laura  M. 
Gross    Whitsett    and    the    late    Isaac    Whit- 


^To^ps, 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  R.  WILCOX 
813  Kimball  Street,  Danville,  Illinois-  Bo 
in  Chicago,  Illinois,  May  19,  1899.  S 
of  James  L.  Wilcox  and  Jennie  E.  W 
cox.  Volunteered  December  19.  1917,  w 
the  U.  S.  National  Guards,  Company 
19th  Battalion. 


ELKCTKICIA 
2407  E.  -Main  Street,  Danville.  lUino 
Born  August  25.  1896,  in  Sullivan,  lUino 
Son  of  Lra  S.  and  Rhoda  B.  Crisw 
Wightman.  Enlisted  April  14,  1917,  wi 
the    U.    S.    Navy,    Submarine    Service. 


Danville,     Illi 
in     Lake 
and    Rhoda 
d  December 


204  Walnut  Str^      . 

in  Ashland.  Kentucky.  March  7,  1872. 

of  Rev.  J.   E.  Williamson  and   Nannie  Per- 

kinson   Williamson.      Husband   of   Dora   H. 

Williamson,  and     father     of     Holland     and 

Emma      Williamson.      Volunteered      March 

11,    1918.    with    the    V.    S.    .Medical    Dcpart- 


i'kuah,  \\ii.i-()RD  wil.^o.n 

8  E.  Second  Street,  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  December  26,  1890,  in  Tackson.  Ohio. 
Son  of  John  A.  and  Ida  Blackford  Wilson. 
Volunteered  February  9,  1918,  with  the  V. 
S.  Medical  Corps. 


PRIVATE  JOll.N  S. 
8  E.  Second  Street,  Danville 
February  21,  1896,  in  Jacks 
of    John    A.    and     Ida     Bla. 


JOHN  R.  WILSON.  SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
316  Sidell  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  6.  1899,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Edward  and  Sue  Irwin  Wil- 
son. Enlisted  July  S.  1<11R.  with  the  2d 
Repitnent.  Conipan\-   M.  {'.  S.   Navy. 


usbaiul  . 
f  U..rotl 
ith  the 


I'RIATE    LEWIS    C 
Danville,     Illinois.     Bon. 
Kentucky,    March  6, 
Williams  and  Amanda 
service    in    August,     1917,     wil 
B,  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalic 


891. 


jral      Hill, 
of  Albert 

Company 


PRIVATE  WELBV  E.  WILLIAMS 
Danvdle,  Illinois  Born  in  Coral  Hill, 
Kentucky,  September  8,  1895.  Son  of  Al- 
bert and  Cora  Clark  Williams.  Entered 
service  April  5,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Artillery. 


HARRY    R.    WILLIAMS 


PRIVATE  EDWARD   E.  WILLIAMS 


WILLIAM  P.  WINTHER 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
225  East  Cedar  Avenue.  Danville,  Illinois 
Born  October  7.  1896.  in  Chicago,  Illinois 
Son  of  William  T.  aiul  Helena  Smith  Win 
ther  Enlisted  Juni-  7,  1918.  with  th. 
U.    S.    \avv.   Cnmpaiiv    20.    Regiment   7,   a 


John  and  Osa  Wittenmeyer.  En- 
ervJce  June  2,  1918,  with  the  314th 
:av;drv.   Troop   K. 


February  25,  1898,  m  Cayuga,  Indiana.  Son 
of  Ell  and  Elsie  Fortner  Wollfong.  Vol- 
unteer-d  Tune  20,  1918,  with  the  Detach- 
ment  Q.   M.   M.    R    S    304th,  Company   N. 


Charles     Wonderland     and 
Wonderland.     Volunteered  March 
with  the  U.  S.  Medical   Departmen 


August  19,  1889,  in  Vcrmi 
nois.  Son  of  George  am 
Woodard.  Volunteered  Jt 
Headquarters    Company, 


:iso   Bun 
1917,  wi 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  F.  WOODARD 
Station  C.  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Sep. 
tember  22,  1899,  in  DanviPe,  Tllino^s.  Son 
of  C.eorgc  and  Narcisco  Burris  Woodard. 
Volunteered  July  1.  1918.  wih  the  U.  S. 
Coast   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  DALE  WRIGHT 
•147  South  WashinRton  Avenue.  Danville, 
Illinois.  Born  In  Ilonpeston,  Illinois,  in 
\X'i(,.  Son  of  Edward  WriRht  and  Emma 
VVrisht.  Volunteered  April  9.  1917,  with 
Uattery  A,  149th  C.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
67lh  Brigade,  42d   Division. 


PRIVATE  liERTIl-;  C.  WRIGHT 
1204  Williams  Street.  Danville.  Illinois. 
Born  October  29.  1894.  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Thomas  D.  and  Ada  Cole  Wright. 
Eniered  service  May  29.  191S,  with  the 
46th   Regiment,   Company    D,  l'.   S.   Army. 


of  John  Wynii  : 
Volunteered  June 
99.    r.    S.    Coast 


PRIVATE   CIIARME   YORK 

Franklin     Avenue,     Danville,     lllii 
in  l«96.    Son  of  Clar.nce  York, 
•red    in    June.    191-^    with    the    .ith 
y.  Company    I.    C     S.    Army 


PRIVATE  BRUCE  R.  YOUNT 
12  East  N  nth  Street.  Danville.  Illii 
Born  September  «,  1883,  in  Freemont, 
braska.  Son  of  Alee  J.  Hughes  Yount 
the  late  J.inies  R.  Vount.  Volume 
April  7.   1918.  with  ihc   V.   M.   C.   A. 


CORPORAL  0.\1LR  K.  WIMMER 
Danville,  Champaign  County,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Philo.  Illinois,  August  19,  1889.  Son 
of  John  and  C^neva  F.  Woodcock  Wim- 
mer.  Volunteered  June  24,  1916,  vvith  the 
1st  Illinois  Field  Artillery;  now  with  Bat- 
tery A,  I49th  U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  42d 
Division. 


PRIVATE  ALBEKT  ZANDERS 
1006  Texas  Avenue,  Danville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  13,  18^3,  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  and  Anna  Wendt 
Zanders.  Entered  service  June  28.  1918, 
with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  ROSS  P.  ZORXS 
R.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  April  11, 
)6,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Wil- 
rr  and  Clara  King  Zorns.  Volunteered 
le  4,  1917,  with  the  13th  V.  S.  Field 
tillery.   Supply  Company. 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  L  ZORXS 
R.  3,  Danville,  Illinois.  Born  Septem- 
21,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
liam  and  Clara  King  Zorns.  Volun- 
ed  in  February,  1913,  with  the  60th 
S.    Infantry,    Company    D,    Supply    De- 


PRIVATE  EMU.  J.  zimmer.man: 
1004  E.  Fairchild  Street,  Danville.  Illin 
Born  April  10,  1897,  in  Danville,  Illin 
Son  of  Herman  and  Wilhelmina  Mei 
Zimmermann.  Entered  service  August 
1918,  with  the  fi3d  V.  S.  Pioneer  Infan 
Company  H. 


iioiu.       vomntcercu    in    J  uiy,    i 
130th  U.  S.  Field  Hospital  Co 


RENCE   BERC 

January'  1,    1900.      Son 
Bloomquist    Berg.      Voli 
Jilly,  1917,  with  the  A.  M.  S. 


PRIVATE  LESLIE  BLRON  BISHOP 
f.\4  Thompson  Street,  Hoopcston,  Illinois 
Born  October  .S,  1892.  in  Kentucky.  Son  of 
William  and  Valinie  Dilley  Bishop. 
Husband  of  Lenora  J.  Freer  Bishop,  and 
father  of  Leslie  B.  Bishop,  Jr.  Entered 
service  April  3,  1918,  with  the  68th  Regi- 
ment, U.   S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


GEORCE   D.    BETKA 
It    Street,    Hoopeston,    I 


in  Fithi: 

Annie  Thompson 
March  12,  1918, 
Photographers'    Di- 


1889.      Son 

Jessie     J.     Johns     BruB.     Entered 

April  5.  1918,  with  Company  5,  U.  ! 

Artillery. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  L.  BVRTIS 
Iain  and  Market  Street,  Hoopeston, 
llinois.  Born  April  8,  1896,  in  Logans- 
ort,  Indiana.  Son  of  William  and  Sarah 
lurtis.  Volunteered  in  September,  1917, 
■ith  the  129th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  B. 


f*>     > 


«f 


>. 


v\ 


PRIV.VrE    ERANK    A.    BUTT 
224    W.    Main    Street,    lloopeston,    Illinois. 
Son  of  William  Butt  and  Emma  Butt.     En- 
tered service  April    i.    1918,   with   the   68lh 
Regiment,   U.  S.  Coast  Artillery. 


.SKCIJND 

IJKUTENAXT 

PRIVATE  FORD  BRADLY 

PRIVATE  CLARENCE  PALO  BRAY 

D.     RAL 
820    Seminary    Ave 
Born    August    l.i, 
Ohio.      Son   of  Don 
Bradly.      Husband 
Bradly.      Voluntee 
he  812th    Pioneer 

Pll    BRADLY 
lue.   Hoopeston,   Illinois. 
1890,    in'^West    Liberty, 
ainic  and   Margaret    Ford 
of    Ruby    Loretta    Allen 
cd    May    15,    1917,    with 
Infantry. 

820   Seminary   Avenue,   Hoopeston,   Illinois. 

Son   of  Dominic   and  Margaret   Ford   Brad- 
ly.     Husband    of     Loretta    Devine    Bradly. 
Entered    service    May    10,    1918,    with    the 
U.   S.   Army. 

607     W.     Washington     Street,     Hoopeston 
Illinois.      Born    October    14,     1897,    i.i     La 
fayette,  Tennessee.     Son  of  Frank  and  th 
late     Mary     York     Bray.      Entered    servic 
September,   1918,  with  the   l.^lh   Provisiona 
R     C.    T.    Company,    I'.    S.    Engineer    Re 

si:ki;i;.\.m-  ii.vrold  d.  burtis 

Main  an.l  M-.rket  Street,  lloopeston,  Illi- 
nois. Born  July  2,  1894,  in  Logansport. 
Indiana.  Son  of  William  and  Sarah  Bur- 
tis. Volunteered  in  1911,  with  the  129th 
V.    S.    Infantry,    Company    B. 


fantry,  Company   F. 


PRIVATE  LO.VNIE  BRYAN  CASSADY 
.121  W.  Elm  Street,  lloopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  February  4,  1899,  in  Edmonton,  Ken- 
lucky.  Son  of  Robert  F^mmitt  and  Elmina 
Holland  Cassadv.  Volunteered  in  April, 
1916,  with  the  U8th  f.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
Battery    B. 


^^*«* 


PRIVATE  LEON  R.  CHENOVVEfH 
"18  Young  Avenue,  Hoopeston,  Illinoi 
Born  in  1899.  Son  of  Mrs.  C.  N.  Chen< 
veth.      Evacuating  Hospital,  No.  3. 


Born  in  August,  1892. 
Son    of   Walter    H.    C: 
of     Amy     Dellstream 
service   September   5, 
Signal  Corps. 


lid   husband 
>.      Entered 

1  the  r.  s. 


PRIVATE  ALVIN  SEAXIORE  COBB 
318  W.  Elm  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois 
nois.     Son  of  John   H.  and  Elanofr  w'oricl 


JOHN  EDWARD  COLBERT, 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
803  E.  Washington  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illi- 
nois. Born  July  l.S,  1900,  in  Camden, 
N.  J.  Son  of  Clarence  and  Stella  Midlam 
Colbert.  Volunteered  in  April,  1918,  with 
the   Signal   Corps,   U    S.    Navy. 


ifif  Iff       1 


aiLS  LLTHER  tOLE 
u        II      leMon      Illniois 
I  I       MLssee      Feb 

I       le-.     Burton 


CORPORAL 
El.OVD  WILLARD  COLEMAN 

'^     Mirk.  I    Street,    Hoopeston,    Illinois. 

^I'li    I'      I  s'j(i.  in   Saybrook,  Illinois. 

-  i  -      W.     and     Nellie     Smith 

i  tiered     in     August,      1916. 

li'     I-    'ij    I       S.   Infantry,  Company   B. 


9 


Hoopeston.  Illinois.  Born  in  1891  Son 
of  John  L.  Cosgrovc,  Sr.  Entered  ser- 
vice April  3,  1918,  with  the  1st  Com- 
pany. Advanced  Squadron,  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  L.  COSGROVE,  JR. 
717  E.  Lincoln  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinoi 
Born  in  1900.  Son  of  John  L.  Cosgrov 
Sr.  Volunteered  January  2,  1918,  wit 
the  U.  S.  Aviation  Section,  Signal  Corps. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  WARREN  COX 
805  Wyman  Avenue,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  May  29,  1899,  in  East  Lynn,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  James  R  and  Anna  Craw- 
ford Cox.  Volunteered  June  10,  1918, 
with  the  V.  S.  Auto  Mechanics  Corps. 


PRIVATK  CLAkKXCK   ICAUL  CKAI.N 
U.   S.    M.   f. 

FIRST   LIEUTENANT  ALBIA 
CORNELIUS   HONEYWELL  CROMER 

4UJ     E.     VVashingluii.      Huopeslon,     Illinoi.s, 
Horn    November     8.     1891,     in     Hooncswn, 
Illinois.      Son  of  William  G.  and  Eluabcth 
Smilh   (rain.      Volunteered  June    l.S.    1917. 
wilh    the     l.iSlh     V.    S.    Company.    Marine 

l"l,  ,'".,],     ,1,'.    "';i'l;l,     l"   ".s"    l;Vl!,nlr>?Mo' 

l;n,n  .\1.,;  iMh,  l.S.SS.  ,„  IU-llK-1  Ridge, 
Kentucky.  Son  of  Joseph  and  Molly  W. 
Wolton  Dalyrimple.  Entered  service  April 
3,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery,  68th 
Regiment. 


ndiana. 

Husband    of    Bernice 
lered  service  in  Sep- 


ith  the  .149ih   U.  S.   Field  Hospital, 


PRIVATE  CUV   i\l.  D.M.l.STREAM 

Born  July  1,  r88(j,\'n  Hoop^ston,  Illinois'. 
Son  of  Joseph  and  Amy  Given  Dall- 
stream.  Volunteered  December  S.  1917, 
wilh  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters  Corps. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  E.  DUFFIN 

E.  WashiuRton  Street.  HoopeMon. 
ois.  Son  of  Annie  Dutfin.  Hu^hand 
nna  Duffin  Volunteered  with  the  l."Jth 
^  .Supply  Company. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  WESLEY  ERNST 
.SOI  W.  Main  Street,  Hoopeston.  Illinois. 
Born  July  l.S,  189.';.  in  Hoopeston.  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Lena  Weller  Ernst. 
Volunteered  December  11,  1917,  with  the 
3d  U.  S.  Motor  Mechanic  Air  Service.  1st 
Company. 


...sx..^ 


E  CARTER  FERRELL 


430    W.     Elm    St 
Son    of    W. 
Ferrell.       E 
with  Compa 


Ferrell    and    Mary    Carte 
d     service     in    July,     1917 


CORPORAL  EARL  JAMES  FISHER 
323  Seminary  Avenue.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  April  21.  1892.  in  Tiffin.  Ohio.  Son 
of  Lewis  F.  and  Delia  Eddy  Fisher.  Vol 
unteered  May  5.  1918,  with  the  21st  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery  Band. 


Born  June  12.  1888,  in  Cuba,  Illinois.  Sop 
of  Charles  and  Mary  Wilcoxen  Fitzgerald. 
Volunteered  December  13.  1918,  with  the 
U.   S.  Aero  Squadron. 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  FOSIER 
1008  W.  Penn  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Enos,  Oklahoma,  in  1893  Son  ot 
William  and  Eldora  Fosier.  Volunteered 
in  1914.  with  Company  D.  129th  C.  S.  In 
fantrv. 


JOHN   L.    FRENCH.   U.    S.   N. 
Hoopeston,    Illinois.       Born     February     lo. 
1895.     in     Hoopeston,     Illinois.        Son      of 
Leander   and   Mary   Salomon   French.      En- 
listed in   May.   1917,   with   the  U.  S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE    FLOYD    COIN 
cston,    Illinois.      Born    in    Omega.    In- 
,  October  14,  1895.     Son  of  William  E. 
and    Rosa    A.    Street    Coin.      Entered 
e    May  20.    1918.   with    the    U.    S.    In- 


ATE  ROY  ELI  GOIN 
Illinois.      Bornin_Om^._.In 


15,  1894.     Son 


PRIVATE  HLCH  D.  OILMAN 
6111  W.  Washington  Street.  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  Born  in  1895.  Son  of  Charles 
and  Elizabeth  Cummintrs  Cunningham.  En. 
tered  service  April  28.  1918,  with  Com 
pany  B,  358th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  LAUREN  GOODWIN 
312  Front  Street.  Hoopeston.  Illinois.  Borr 
September  13.  1898.  in  Owensville,  Indiana 


^g^l 


PRIVATE  FREDERICK  GRANT  GREEX 
.104  Honeywell  Avenue,  Hoopeston.  JMinois. 
Born  April  22,  1896.  in  Hoopcslon.  Illinois. 
Son  of  John  and  Hannah  Mann  Green. 
Entered  service  in  September.  1917.  with 
the  U.  S.  Ammunition   Train. 


GLEN  GREEN.  U.  S. 


Born  January  II,  1894.  in  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  and  Hannah  Mann 
Green.  Husband  of  Marie  Green,  and 
father  of  Glen  Robert  Green  Volunteered 
August  10,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


Son    of    John    and    Hannah    Mann    Or 
Entered   .service    in    September,    1917.    with 
the  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


^^ 


CORPORAL  ALEXANDER  M  GRll-FI.N 
Hoopeston,  Illinois.  Born  in  .\rthur,  Illi- 
nois, -August  5,  1893.  Son  of  Jos.  Griffin 
and  Sarah  Rae  Griffin.  Entered  service 
April  3,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery. 


CORPORAL  VAN  GRIFFIN 
628  Thompson  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Burban,  Illinois.  February  14,  1889. 
Son  of  Jos.  Griffin  and  Sarah  Rae  Griffin. 
Entered  service  May  20,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  M.  O.  T.  C. 


PRIV-XTE  BASIL  DUKI-:  IIAL.SI-LL 
809  S.  Fifth  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  January  1.  1892,  in  Kentucky.  Son 
of  Robert  and  Ruth  Halsell.  Husband  of 
Anna  Bird  Halsell.  Entered  service  April 
3.  1918,  with  the  68th  U.  S.  Regiment. 
Coast  Artillery.   Battery  A. 


PRIVATE  BENJAMIN  A.  H. 
•322  Penn  Street,  Hoopeston,  III 
of  Ella  C.  Harding.  Voluntt 
Battery  D,  149th  U.  S.  Field  Ar 


of  Ella  G  Harding.  Volunteered 
the  108th  U.  S.  Engineers.  Trans- 
d    to     U.     S.    Quartermasters    Depart- 


CORPORAL  JOHN  E.  HARKRIDER 
lOli  N.  Market  Street,  Hoopeston.  Illi- 
ois.  Born  August  15,  1891,  in  Hoopes- 
3n.  Illinois.  Son  of  Louis  and  Nellie 
.iester  Harkrider.  Entered  service  Au- 
ust  2i,  1M17,  with  the  U.  S.  Recruiting 
>ivi.sion,    Jd    Company. 


PRIVATE 
NICHOLAS  WALTER  HAVENER 
117  E.  Chestnut  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  January  24,  1891,  in  Roberts,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Nicholas  and  Elizabeth  Elsen 
Havener.  Volunteered  September  13,  1917, 
with  the  129th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Con-pany  B. 


PRIVATE 
BENJAMIN  HARRISON  HICKS 
420  W.  Penn  Street.  Hoopeston,  lUin 
Born  October  21,  1888  Son  of  Cha) 
Freemont.  Husband  of  Jessie  Pearl  Hi< 
Entered    service    May    20,     1918,    with 


SERGEANT 
CHARLES  D.  VAULT  HI.NKLE 
831  Seminary  Avenue,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  June  29.  1891,  in  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  D  and  Anna  Hennigan 
Hinklc.  Volunteered  December  14,  1917, 
with    the    I'.    .S.    Aero    Squadron. 


614    Thompson 


816    W.     PL-nii     Str.-.l.     II 

..|,i'^i,.i 

Illinois. 

Born   February   8.   1894,   i. 
Son    of   Joseph    and    Laur 

Attica 

,  Indiana. 

a    Mill 

Hoskins. 

Volunteered     AuRUst     8. 
Radio  Corps,  U.  S.  Navy. 

1918. 

with     the 

SERC.EANT  VERNON   E.  HOSKINS 
816    \V.    Penn    Street,    Hoopeston,    Illii 


Born  in  Indi; 
Joseph  Hoskin: 
Volunteered  Ju 
Infantry. 


1897.  Son  of 
Laura  Mills  Hoskins. 
.   1916,  with   the  U.   S. 


PRIVATE  RALPH 
S20    Seminary   Avenue 
Born    February   4,    18< 
nois.      Son    of    Austir 
Houghton.      Husband 
Houghton.        Volunlee 
1917,    with    the    27l5t 

H    HOUGHTON 
.   Hoopeston,   Illinoi-. 
)5.    in    Lewiston.    Illi- 
.    and    Ellen    Hunter 

of    Veronica    Bradly 
•red      December      13, 

U.    S.    Aero    Squad- 

PRIVATE  ERNEST  HUTSON 
Hoopeston.  Illinois.  Born  in  Poto 
Illinois,  January  12,  1900.  Son  of 
liam     Hutson    and    Alice     Allison     Hu 

U.    S.    Medical    Corps. 


PRIVATE  RALEIGH  JESSUP 
702  S.  Fourth  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois 
Born  July  7,  1892.  in  Sheridan.  Indiana 
Son  of  Samuel  and  Delia  Bragg  Jessup 
Volunteered  in  June.  1917,  with  the  129tl 
U.   S.  Infantry,  (.'(mipany   I! 


band  of   Hele.i 
Coast' Artillery! 


.EN    FREDRICK    KEMP 
SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
South  Fifth  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois, 
rn   January    30,    1897,    in   MiHord,   Ohio. 
1  of  -Mien   II.  and  Alia  Fortnian   Kemp, 
luntcered  in  June,   1918.  with  the  I'.   S. 


Son  of  John  H.  and  Mary  Fitters  Kimber- 
Un.  Volunteered  in  June.  1917,  with  the 
129th  U.  S.  Infantry.  Co:npany  B. 


•ATE  ORI.A  OTIS  KREAGER 
625  South  Market  Street,  Hoopeston,  llli 
nois.  Born  July  3.  1890,  in  Grayshot,  Ohic 
Son  of  Marion  Kreagcr.  Volunteere- 
August   ■■,    1917,  with  the    12yth    f.    S.    In 


PRIVATE  IRA  OWEN  GREAGER 
62.i  South  Market  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illi- 
nois. Born  March  25,  1893.  in  Grayshot, 
Ohio.  Son  of  Marion  Kreager.  Entered 
serxice  April  27,  1918,  with  the  3S8th  U.  S. 
Infantry,   Company    B. 


PRIVATE   HARRV   KIVEL 
Hoopeston,  Illinois.      Entered   service  with 
Company    B,    12yth    U.    S.    Infantry,    33rd 
Division. 


PRIVATE   LAWRENCE  LEWIS  LANE 

316  West  Chestnut  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illi- 


Hoopesto 
Oklahoma.      Apr 
E.    Lacy    and    M 
teered    April     H 
Marines. 


PRIVATE  RA\MUND  H.  LEEPER 
Hoopeston.  Illinois.  Born  February  i: 
19111,  in  CloQuet,  Minnesota.  Son  of  llarr 
and  Margaret  Howe  Leeper.     Enlisted   D( 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  HENRY  Ll'CAS 
503  West  Maple  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  AuRu.st  18,  18'i6,  in  Hoopeston,  Illi- 
nois Son  of  Abel  and  Rose  Murphy 
Lucas.  Volunteered  July  22,  1918,  with 
the   Sth   r.    S.    Field   Artillery    Band. 


nois.  Born  in  Chicago,  Ilinois,  January 
23,  1896.  Son  of  Arthur  McKinney  and 
May  McKinney.  Husband  of  Elizabeth 
Pearl  McKinney.  Entered  service  April 
27,   1918,  with  the  I'.   S.   Engineers. 


PRIVATE  THERMON  McLAIN 
623    Young    Avenue.    Hoopestown,    Illinois 
Born  February  6,  1887,  in  Fleming  County, 
Kentucky.      Son   of   Isaac   F.   and   Mary   F. 
Harmon    McLain.       Entered    scrv 
24,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


-Mfy 


Illino 
Daws 

1916, 


Morlatt.     Volu 


PRIVATE  HAROLD  JAMES  NEWBURX 
423  S.  Third  Street,  Hoopeston.  Illinois. 
Born  July  14,  1892,  in  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Lewis  W.  and  Susan  Boggs  New- 
burn.  Volunteered  in  December,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Army  Transport  Service. 


PRIVATE  GENE  EDGAR  NEVVBURN 
422  S.  Third  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  October  2i,  1890,  in  Hoopeston,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Lewis  W  and  Susan  Boggs 
Newburn.  Volunteered  in  December, 
1917.  with  the  U.  S.  .\ero  Division,  Squad- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  WESLEV  MURPHY 
714  S.  Market  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Goodland,  Indiana.  January  19, 
1890.  Son  of  the  late  Asa  B.  Murphy  and 
Rephina  Hopkins  Murphy.  Volunteered 
May  29,  1918,  with  Battery  A,  312th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery. 


„    _  _    Jiana,    April    13,    1897.      Son    of 

\V.  H.  Penney  and  May  Edwards  Penney. 
Volunteered  April  20,  1916,  with  the  U.  S. 
Infantry. 


PRIVATE  FLOYD  M.  POWLEV 
Hoopeston,  Illinois.  Born  in  Hoopeston, 
Illinois,  September  5,  1890.  Son  of  Hiram 
L.  Powley  and  Fannie  Park  Powley.  Hus 
band  of  May  Bowers  Powley.  Entered 
service  April  27,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  In- 
fantry. 


Young  Avenue,  Hoopeston,  Illi 
of  J.  H.  Probasco.  Volunteered 
14,     1917,    with    Company    B,    V 


^ „^. , loopeston,   Illi- 

Son    of    Frank    and    Dessa    McCan- 
dless   Preston.      Volunteered     December 


Kankakee,  Illi- 
iid  Wilhelirina 
■rvice     January 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
IVAN   LINDSEY   ReVEAL 

717     E.     Main    Street,    Hoopeston,  Illii 
Born  Tune  29,   1895.  in  Hoopeston,  Illi. 

Villiam     N.     and     ■■ 

Volunteered    June 
Company  D,  U.  S.  Infantry, 


CORPORAL  CASSIE  RICE 
604  McCracken  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illino 
Born  January  18,  1897,  in  Hoopesto 
Illinois  Son  of  James  C.  and  Rillia  Late 
more  Rice.  Entered  service  August  1 
1918.   with    the   U     S.   lMfi.nl,  V. 


PRIV.VrE   LEONARD   D.    ROARK 
321    W.    Washington    St.,    Hoopeeston,    Illi- 
nois.     Born    in    Rankin,    Illinois,    in    1898. 
Son     of     Frank     G.      Roark.      Volunteered 
January    28.    1918,    with    the    498th    U.    S. 


M  kl,l  W  i  (  I  \l;l.N(|-;  AVERV  ROE 
H.H.lii  li,n  IlhiM.iv.  I'„,ni  in  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  December  18.  1897.  Son  of  John 
W.  Roe  and  Frances  Angeline  Tetrick  Roe. 
Volunteered  July  14,  1914,  with  the  U.  S. 
Infantry. 


PRIVATE  ELMER  ENOS  RUSH 
McCracken      Street,      Hoopeston,      Illi- 
,.    Born  May   14,   1893,  in   Williamsport, 
iana.       Son    of    William    D.    and    Mary 
lones  Rush.     Volunteered  June  5,  1916. 


EUGENE  ROSCOE  RUSK, 
RADIO,  U.  S.  N. 
410  \V.  Lincoln  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois, 
r.orn  November  23,  1898,  in  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  Son  of  William  and  Lillie  Young 
Rusk.  Volunteered  July,  1914,  with  the 
U.   S.   Navy,  Wireless  Operator. 


PRIVATE  WAYNE   EMM 

0    W.    Liu 

lis       Born    May    24,    1900,    in    H 


PRIVATE  AUDREY  REED  SILVER 
Hoopeston,    Illinois.      Son    of    C.    N.    Chen- 
oweth.     Volunteered  with  Company  9,  U.  S. 


SERGEANT 
GLE.NN  JACKSON  SMVTHE 
629  W.  Washington  Street,  Hoopest. 
Illinois.  Born  March  4.  1898.  in  Hanov 
Indiana.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Nellie  Jai 
son  Smythe.  Volunteered  Tuly  27,  19 
with  the  5.Sth  Regiment,  Company  B,  U. 


PRIVATE 
GILBERT  iSIERRITT  SOUTHWICK 
418  S.  Fourth  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  November  11,  1894,  in  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Merritt  A.  and  C.  Eva 
Moore  Southwick.  Entered  service  Novem- 
ber 30.  1917,  with  the  52d  U.  S.  Ammuni- 
tion Train,  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  Com- 
pany D. 


918  W.  Wa.shington  Street,  Hoopeston, 
Illinois.  Born  October  26,  1892,  in  Bos- 
well,  Indiana.  Son  of  Norton  H.  and 
Ella  Schuessler  Stokes.  Volunteered  in 
December.  1917,  with  the  201st  Aero 
Squadron. 


Jhestnut  Street. 
Born  February  3, 
s.      Son   of   George   a 


PRIVATE  FRED  G.  SWAFFORD.  JR. 
704  S.  Fifth  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  January  6,  1900,  in  Chicago,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Fred  and  Jennie  Grun  Swafford. 
Volunteered  September  18,  1917,  with 
Troop  F,  7th  U.  S.  Cavalry. 


Jacob  W.  Swisher.  Volunteered  April 
3,  1918,  with  Company  E,  68th  Regiment, 
U.   S.  Army. 


843  E.  Penn  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  September  21,  1886,  in  Jackson 
County,  Ohio.  Son  of  Richard  and  Mandy 
Liming  Taylor.  Volunteered  August  17, 
1917,  with  the   149th   U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 


Son    of    Richard    and 
lor.      Volunteered  June    1 
Signal  Corps,  U.  S.  Navy. 


SECOND  LIEUTEN.W  I' 
HERBERT   C.    TAVl.DR 

843     E.    Penn    Street.    Hooptst,,,,.    lllmuis. 

Born    May    15,    1896.    in    Jackson    County. 

Ohio.      Son    of    Richard    and    Mandy    Lim- 


f^^^ 


% 


PRIVATt: 


YD  I 


7114  Seminary  Ave.nu,  I  I.m,[,i -to,,.  Illinois. 
B(,rn  May  10.  IS'O,  in  Attica.  l,„liatia.  Son 
of  J.  B.  and  Ida  Evans  Thompson.  Hus- 
band of  Lela  McGill  Thompson.  Entered 
service  April  26,  1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
Laundry  Unit 


LIEUTENANT   FREDERIC  TILTOX 
R.   R.   No.   1,  Hoopeston.   Illinois.      Born  in 
peeston,    Illinois.    July    25,    1894.      Son 


Hoope 


PRIVATE    RALPH    G.    TILTON 

R.   R.   No.   1.  Hoopeston.  Illii 


EARL  PEARL  TRENT, 
LUMBER  INSPECTOR,  U.  S.  A. 
701  S.  Fourth  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  January  22,  1894,  in  Danville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Oscar  J.  and  Sophie  Trent. 
Husband  of  Jessica  Cunninghair  Trent. 
Volunteered  July  29,  1918.  with  the  129th 
U.    S.    Infantry. 


Illinois.  Born  February  9. 
Son  of  Ollie  Tyler  Goff.  Entered 
with   Company    B.    129th    U.    S.    In- 


Born  April  18,  1895,  in  Milford,  Illinoi 
Son  of  Alexa  and  Jennie  Liming  Wa 
ker.  Volunteered  in  March.  1918,  wil 
the  59th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  G. 


PRIVATE  RAY  VanDORN 
218  N.  Market  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  Oct.  9,  1893,  in  Hoopeston.  Illinois. 
Son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Collins  Van- 
Dorn.  Entered  service  September  19,  1917, 
with  the  58th  U.   S.   Infantry,  Company  L. 


SERGEANT  EVERETT  VanDORN 
218  N.  Market  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  March  23,  1894,  in  Cissna  Park,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Col- 
lins VanDorn.  Volunteered  December  15, 
1917,  with  the  4th  M.  M.  Regiment.  Com- 
pany   14,    U.    S.    Army. 

284 


SERGEANT 
WILLIAM  FRANK  WALLACE 
208  E.  Maple  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  AuEust  4,  1914,  in  White  County,  In- 
diana. Son  of  William  Millard  and  Mary 
Bainbridse  Wallace.  Volunteered  July  25, 
1917.  with  the  129th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Company   B. 


rii<J  S.  Third  Street,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  May  3,  1896,  in  Boswell,  Indiana. 
Son  of  John  and  Margaret  Alvany  Ward. 
Husband  of  Gladys  Ford  Ward,  and 
father  of  Bernice  and  William  VVard.     Vol- 


809  W.  Main  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  November  3,  1895,  m  Danville.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Alice  Anus  Waugh  and  the 
late  James  Waugh  Volunteered  in  July, 
1917,  with  the  129th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 


ROV  I-'RAXKLIN  WAICII 
809  W.  Main  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  October  4,  1892,  in  Danville,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Alice  Anus  Waugh  and  the  late 
James  Waugh.  Entered  service  May  29, 
1918,   with   the   10th  U.   S.   Infantry,   Com- 


^■ 


Va 


SECOND    LIICCTENAXT 
CHAUNCEY  MACK  WEAVER 
861    E^  Maple    Street.    Hoopeston,    Illii 
'  and    "Abbfe 


Son  of  N. 
r.  Volunte 
U.   " 


Wt 


Brigade.  F.  A.  R.  D. 


ured      May      29, 
Provisional  Battel 


1    October    13,    1S94,   in   Lakin.   Kansas, 
of    W.    H    .and   Anna   O.    Leak   Whit- 
ton.      Entered    service    May    13,    1918, 
the    U.    S.    Infantry. 


DARVL  WESLEY  WEAVER, 
YEOMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
861  E.  Maple  Street.  Hoopeston,  Illinois. 
Born  October  1,  1899,  in  Hoopeston,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  N.  E.  and  A^bie  Silver 
Weaver.  Volunteered  June  14.  1918.  with 
the   U.  S.  Navy. 


Born  January  24.  1892,  in  Oto,  Iowa.  Son 
of  J.  T.  and  Anna  Siturgio  Willett.  Vol- 
unteered September  i,  1917.  with  the  U.  S. 
Field   Artillery. 


305  E.  Maple  S 
Born  May  22,  1 
Son  of  Calvin 
Weslfall.      Enter 


.=  18  S.  Market.  Hoopeston,  Illinois.  liorn 
October  27.  1896.  in  Bainbridge.  Indiana. 
Son  of  Charles  Edward  and  Annie  Reed 
Woodard.  Entered  service  September  7. 
1918.  with  the  15th  U.  S.  Engineers,  Re- 
placement Troops. 


PRIVATE  ANDREW  J.  ACORD 
eorgeto«n,  Illinois.  Born  March  15,  1896. 
.  Jefferson  County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Tine 
id  Minnie  Williford  Acord.  Husband  of 
ella  Watts  Acord.  Entered  service  Sep- 
mber   19,    1918,  with   the   U.    S.   Auxiliary 


PRIVATE  JOHN  W.  ACORD 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  August  3, 
1892,  in  Jefferson  County,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Tine  and  Minnie  Williford  Acord.  En- 
tered service  Sept.  5,  1918,  with  the  12th 
U.  S.  Recruiting  Coinpany. 


PRIVATE  LEO  AIRHART 
Georgetown,  Illinois.     Born  May,  1897.  Son 
of  French  and  Eva  Day  Airhart.     Entered 
service  May  27,   1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Base 
Hospital   Corp^. 


PRIVATE  LEE  BIGGS, 
20  Mills  Street,  Georgetown, 
Born  September  9,  1894,  in  ^ 
County,    mil    '         "  -     .      - 


PRIVATE  WILBERT  BOEN 
R.  R.  2,  Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born  Febru- 
ary 2,  1895,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Levf-n  and  Alice  Howard  Boen. 
Husband  of  Minnie  May  Sander  Boen,  and 
father  of  Helen  Marcelle  Boen.  Entered 
service  June  26,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Heavy  Artillery,  Battery  A. 


Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  June  2,  1894, 
Son  of  David  H.  Bowen  and  Laura  Mor 
ris  Bowen.  Volunteered  June  2,  1917,  with 
Battery  A,  First  Regiment,  Illinois  Na 
tional  Guards.  With  the  aviation  Depart 
ment.  Signal  Corps. 


MAS    I'.RlDdKWATER 

WILLIAM   EVERETT  BRAZELTON, 

■'kl'ij'ah'and^\'?'ola°M'un- 
Enlirid  service  May   22, 
nr.h      U.     S.     Cavalry, 

38    E.    Third    Street,    Georgetown,    Ulino 
Born     Novetrber     28,     1893,     in     Vcrmili 
County.  Illinois.     Son  of  Charks  and  No 
Lamar  Brazleton. 

SERGEANT  ORIN  BRASELTON 
R.  R.  2.  Georgetown,  Illinois  Son  of 
Thomas  Braselton  and  Rachael  E.  Bra.sel- 
ton.  Born  in  Georgetown.  Illinois,  June 
27,  1875.  Volunteered  March  26,  1914, 
with  Headquarters,  Second  Regi.-nenl,  U.  S. 
Engineers'  Corps.  Was  with  General  Per- 
shing during  the   Mexican   insurrection 


orgetown,     - 

.    ill    Westville — .      - 

.-nu  Juliette  Camp.  Entered  ser 
September,  1917,  with  the  355th  U 
fantry.  Company  F. 


in  Georgeto 
Illinois.  Son  of  Katha  Cadd  and  the  la 
J.  Rice  Canaday.  Entered  service  Decc) 
her  22,  1917,  with  the  113th  U.  S.  Ae 
Squadron. 


SERGEANT  RAYMOND  L.  CANADAY 
22  W.  Seventh  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Born  in  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Nlarch  13, 
1896.  Son  of  John  Canaday  and  Lucy  Dil- 
lon Canaday.  Volunteered  August  1.  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


TRIVATH 
.^    .\.    Walnut 
Horn  Novembe 


^ar  County, 
of   John    and    Mary    Vande- 
Chesley.       Hu.sband     of     the     late 
hite  Chesley  and  father  of  Everett 


rRIVATE 
WILLIAM   F.  CLAVID.X 
Georgetown,  Illinois.     Born  in  George 
Illinoi-s,  Ju 
2U,    1917, 
raphy. 


^RLEY  D.  COOKE 
is.      Born    February    10, 
"arm,    Illinios.       Son    of 
rusilla    Campbell    Cooke. 
1    April.    1918,    with    the 


PRIVATE  ROY  COPAS 
44  S.  Main  Street,  Goergetown,  Illinois. 
Born  November  30,  1892,  in  Wellston, 
Ohio.  Son  of  Henry  and  Mary  Compton 
Copas.  Entered  service  in  June,  1918, 
with  the  35Sth  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  SYLVESTER  E.  CROWDER 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  in  November, 
1887,  in  Indiana.  Son  of  Eli  and  Hannah 
Crowder.  Entered  service  April  29.  1918, 
with  the  323d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company 
H,  81st  Division. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
JOSEPH  H.  DORNBLASER 
Seminary  Street,  Georgetown,  Illii 
Born  August  18,  1895,  in  Paris,  Xllii 
Son  of  Mack  D.  and  Capitolia  Fr; 
Dornblaser.  Entered  service  in  June,  1 
with   the  311th    U.    S.    Train   Headquar 


PRIVATE  RAY  E.  DORNBLASER 
U.  S.  M.  C. 
Seminary  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Born  February  2,  1898,  in  Paris,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Mack  D.  and  Capitolia  Frazier 
Dornblaser.  Volunteered  in  May,  1917, 
with  the  95th  Company,  6th  Regiment, 
U.    S.    Marines.      Killed   in    action. 


PRIVATE 
LOWRENZO  FOREST  DRISKELL 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  April  17. 
1890,  in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Lowrenzo  Ellsworth  and  Lillie  Ethel 
Ragle  Driskell.  Entered  service  April  3. 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery,  5  th 
Company. 


PRIVATE   CLARENCE  E.   DUKES 


th  Dukes.  Entered 
with  the  Park  Bat- 
llery  Corps. 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  F.  DUKES 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  January  26, 
1892,  in  Westville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam C.  and  Catherine  Ellsworth  Dukes. 
Entered  service  June  26,  1918,  with  the 
156th     U.      S.     Depot     Brigade,     3d     Pro- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  B.  ELDER 
32  S.  State  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Born  August  15,  1887,  in  Vermilion 
County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Anderson  \V.  and 
Elizabeth  Squires  Elder.  Entered  service 
April  9,  1918,  with  the  44th  Battalion, 
Company  A,  S.     S.     C,  U.   S.   Army. 


PRIVATE  HERBERT  ELLIOTT 

Vermilion  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
n  December  17,  1895,  in  Georgetown, 
lois.  Son  of  James  and  May  Mad- 
Elliott.  Entered  service  Nlay  30. 
3,   with   the  46th  U.   S.   Infantry,   Com- 


SERGEANT  DELBERT   EMORY 
Georgetown,     Illinois.        Born     in     Jackson 
County,   Ohio,   May  8.    1893.      Son   of   I.  J. 
Emery   and   Arabella   Emory.      Entered  ser- 
vice   September    13,    1917, 


Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  October  22. 
1897,  in  Lawrenceville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Thomas  B.  and  Stella  Howell  England. 
Enlisted  May  1,  1917,  with  the  6th  Regi- 
ment,  75th   Company,  U.   S.   Marine  Corps. 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  W.  ERICKSON 

1.11  III  N.WI     .\].\\l  .-.   .S.   FLETCHER 

Georgetown,   Illinois.      Born   in   May,    1894, 
in   pfirmount,  Illinois.    Son  of  Luther  and 
Anna   Erickson.      Entered   service   in   June. 
1918.  with  the  160th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade. 
9th  Battalion.  36th  Company. 

(;,M,L;Mn«,,.    nil, in,-        1'. , , ,  „    February    17, 
IS,,'/,      n,ar      kiil^;,  i„rm.      Illinois.        Son     of 
Henry  and   Mahaha   Fletcher.      Husband  of 
Jessie   Baum    Fletcher.      Father  of   Mildred 
Fletcher.     Volunteered  April  19.  1918,  with 
the    U.    S.    Medical    Department. 

PRIVATE 
WILLL\M    FOWLFR    FRAZIEU. 
U.    S.   M.   C. 
8    N.    Walnut    Street,    Georgetown,   Illinois. 
Born    December    12,    1898,    in    Georgetown, 
Illinois.        Son     of     John     A.     and     Stella 
Fowler   Frazier.      Entered   service  July    15, 
1918,    with    the    11th    Regiment. 


PRIVATE  LESTER  GALVEN 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  August  28, 
1894,  in  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Son  of  Mary 
F.  Nield  Galyen  and  the  late  Thomas 
\  Galyen.  Volunteered  August  15,  1918, 
with   the   U.   S.   Training  Detachment  Com- 


PRIVATE  FRANK  N.  GRAV 
10  VV.  Thirteenth  Street,  Georgetown,  Illi- 
nois. Born  March  19,  1891,  in  Vermilion 
County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  J.  and 
Mary  Bell  Gray.  Entered  service  April 
3,  1918,  with  the  68th  U.  S.  Artillery, 
Battery  F. 


PRIVATE   EARL  C.  GUESS 


Georgetown,    Illinois.      Son    of 

Albert    and 

Zella    Guess.       Entered    service 

in    August. 

1918.    with    the    2.ith    Company 

.    7th    C.    S. 

Training   Battalion. 

Illinois.  Son  of  Miranda  Hurtnn  Colvin 
and  the  late  Thomas  Haggerty.  Entered 
service  in  October,  1917,  with  the  4th 
U.  S.  Engineer  Corps,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  R.  HARRISON 
Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born  June  20.  1899, 
in  Grape  Creek.  Illinois.  Son  of  William 
and  Sarah  Jane  Rittenhouse  Harrison. 
Volunteered  July  9.  1917,  with  the  149tli 
U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  Battery  A. 


DWIGHT  BENJAMIN  HAWORTH 


the    r.    S.    Na 


Born  April  6,  1897. 
i.  Son  of  Allen  and 
iteered  June   1.   1918. 


PRIVATE  BENNETT  T.  HENDERSON 
24  E.  Third  Street.  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Born  May  23,  1895.  in  Georgetown,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  T.  and  Sarah  B.  Ben- 
nett Henderson.  Entered  service  April  29, 
1918,  with  the  315th  U.  S.  Field  Signal 
Battalion,  Cotnpany  C. 


RIVATE  JOHN  T.  HENDERSON 
i.  Third  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
1  September  20.  1888,  in  Georgetown, 
ois.  Son  of  John  T.  and  Sarah  Ben- 
Henderson.  Entered  service  in  De- 
ler,  1917,  with  the  12th  Company,  3d 
alion    Regiment    as    Motor    Mechanic. 


PRIVATE  DOCK  H.  HESS 
6  McKinley'  Street.  Georgetown,  Illi 
Born  August  26,  1895,  in  Georgetown, 
nois.  Son  of  Almon  and  Nettie  Sch 
Hess.  Entered  service  June  26. 
with  Company  I,  156th  f.  S.  Depot 
gade. 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  IIENSCHEN 
7  E.  Seventh  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinoi; 
Born  July  22,  1894,  in  Ripley  County,  Ir 
diana.  Son  of  George  and  Rosa  Robbin 
llenschen.  Entered  service  June  26.  19U 
with    the    3n6th    U.    S.    Ammunition    Trair 


PRIVATE  WALTER  G.  HENSCHEN 


isyj,     in     Kinic) 
f  George  and  Ros 

7th  Coast  Artiller 


PRIVATE 
BENJAMIN  F.  HOLLINGSWORTH 
5  Walnut  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born 
December  14,  1895,  in  Vermilion  County, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Samson  and  Alice  You- 
man  HoUingsworth.  Entered  service  April 
29,    1918,    with    the    35th    U.    S.    Engineers. 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
JOHN  C.  HIBERLY 
N.  Main  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born 
May  13,  1881,  in  Newport,  Indiana.  Son 
of  Frederick  Hiberly  and  Mary  Jane 
Mangus  Hiberly.  Entered  service  Septem- 
ber I,   1917,  with  the  U.  S.   Medical  Corps. 

290 


WILLIS  CLOVD  HIBERLY, 
FIREMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
N.  Main  Street.  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
June  26,  1981,  in  Newport,  Indiana 
of  F.  D.  and  Alice  M.  Haworih  H 
Enlisted   in    August,    1916,    with    the 


CORPORAI     FLOYD    HOTH 
Georgetown,     Illinois.       Born    in     Pot 
Illinois,   July    7,    1897.      Son    of    Chai 
Hoth    and    Mary    Guthery    Hoth.      Ei 


PRIV.\ 

Tl      W 

:m 

36    E.   Elevenl 
Born   April    1 
Son    of   John 
Entered  servi, 
U.   S.   M.   P., 

o.'isyj,'  u' 
and    Man 

■ith  the  113th 


I    March    11,    IS'iu.    ni    Ujk"ui1,    India 
of    John    and    Martha    llallott    Jan 

,es' 

;red    service    April    28,    1918,    with 

't"e 

V  Field  Artillery,  Company  20. 

PRIVATE  A.  A.  LONBERGER 
40  E.  Eleventh  Street,  Georgetown,  Illi- 
nois. Born  March  24,  1894,  in  Tobbs,  Ohio. 
Son  of  William  Lonberger.  Entered  ser- 
vice in  June,  1918,  with  the  4th  U.  S.  En- 
gineers, Company  C. 


Born  October  26,  1889,  in  v......  v......  ..^.=- 

souri.  Son  of  C.  Edward  and  Elizabeth 
Porter  Long.  Enlisted  in  January,  1910, 
with  the  U.  S.   Navy   Recruiting  Station. 


CORPORAL  ROSS  L.  MACKLIN 
Walnut  Street,  Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born 
March  20,  1894,  in  Homer,  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  V.  and  Martha  A.  Smith  Mack- 
lin.  Husband  of  Gladys  Smith  Macklin. 
Volunteered  June  26,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  41st  Regiment,  Headquar- 
ters Company. 


CLARENCE  MANLEY,  U.  S.  N. 
Seminary  Street.  Georgetown,  Illinois, 
orn  January  27.  1897,  in  Shelbyville,  Illi- 
ois.  Son  of  Asa  M.  and  Isabelle  Hart 
[anlcy.  Enlisted  May  30,  1918,  with  the 
'.  S.  Navy.  5th  Regiment,  Company  P. 


PRIVATE  ORVAL  M.  McCOMBER 
Georgetown.   Illinois.      Born   in  June.    18 


ois.      Son   of 
Elizabeth    McConbcr.       Husband    of    Ma 
garet    M.    McComber.      Entered    .'service 
September,     1918.     with     the     U.     S.      E 
gineers,   Provisional   Company. 


PRIVATE  DOUGLAS  MILTON  NAIL 
Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born  March  3.  1896. 
in  Vernilion  County.  Illinois.  Son  of 
Alonzo  and  Dolly  Judd  N?il.  Entered  '^er- 
April  3,  1918.  with  the  L.  I.  S.,  9th 
y,  V.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  ROBI 

38  W.  Whitticr  Stn 
Born  April  3.   18 


\pnl 
EHja 


;T  LESLIE  NEILD 
[.  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
1  Georgetown,  Illinois, 
nd  Lucy  Spicer  Neild. 


OMAS   A.    NIER 
Georgeto 


ty,  Illinois,  son  of  Alfred  and  Lydia 
woit  Nicr.  Husband  of  Katherine  Mullen 
Nier  and  father  of  Jack  Thomas  Nier. 
Entered  service  September  19,  1917,  with 
the  34bth  U.   S.  Infantry,  Company  G. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  E.  PARKE 

jrgetown,  Illinois.  Born  in  PerrysviUe, 
liana.  Son  of  Shelby  K.  and  Alice  Coy- 
od  ParJ<e.  Husband  of  Rose  Dougherty 
in  August,  1918, 
Company    B,   Re- 


jERGEANr   W 
Georgetown,    Illinois 
1889,  in  Sprtnglield,  I 
janiin  Canaday  and  Mary  Caroli 
ton   Richie.      Entered  service  Septembe 
"■■"        ith    Company    D,    313th    Engine 


RICHIE 
January  L 
Son  of  Bei 


SStl 


I  .   S.   Ar 


PRIVATE  ROY  ALEXANDER  PAYNE 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  June  9,  1896, 
in  Love  Township,  Vermilion  County, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  W.  and  Minna 
Owings  Payne.  Entered  service  October 
12,  1918,  with  Company  1,  Section  B. 
U.    S.    S.    A.   T.    C. 


PRIVATE  CARR  EDGAR  PAYNE 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born 
June  11,  1891,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  W.  and  Minna  Owings 
Payne.  Volunteered  September  10,  1913, 
with  the  160th  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery,  Com- 
pany  M,  Medical   Department. 


CORPORAL  COLLINS  PAXTON 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  June  5,  1896, 
in  Bath,  Kentucky.  Son  of  F.  Columbus 
and  Maggie  Zerkle  Paxton.  Husband  of 
Ada  llaworth  Paxton.  Entered  service 
in  September,  1917,  with  the  3Uth  U.  S. 
Infantry,    Company    B,    Military    Police. 


CORPORAL  DALE  PRITCHARD 
Oak  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois.      Born 


August,    7 

',    1900,    in 

Georgetown 
and      Ellen 

Illinois 

Son      of 

Herbert 

■  Hildreth 

Pritch,-.rd. 

,     Entered 

service  May 

28,   1918, 

with    the 

Tank   Serv: 

ice.    Casual 

Conipany; 

r.  S.  Army. 

PRIVATE  JAMES  PARIS  REED 
54  E.  Tenth  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Born  December  30,  1895,  in  Jasper  County, 
Indiana.  Son  of  William  T.  and  Victoria 
Whitecotton  Reed.  Volunteered  July  27, 
1917,  with  the  46th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 
pany C. 


Son  of  Ja 
s  Reid.  > 
he  5lh  U. 


Fanny  Partlov 
iteered    May    21,    19l>i 


CORPORAL  IIARRV  COWE.N  REID 
Ceorgetown,  Illinois.  Born  in  Georgetown. 
Illinois,  February  3,  1893.  Son  of  James 
F.  Reid  and  Fannie  Partlow  Morris  Reid. 
Volunteered  in  June,  1917,  with  the  117th 
U.  S.    Engineers  Corps. 


PRIVATE   JOHN    I.    RITTER 
22  W.  Seventh  Street,  Georgetown,  Illin. 
Born  September,   1898,  in  Quaker,  India 
of    George    and    Mary    Canaday    1 
^  '  vice   August^  S,    1918,    w 


er.      En 


CORPORAL  ROBERT  V.  RUCKER 

LIECTENAXT  ALBERT  SA.XDERS,  JR. 

34      West       Street,      Georgetown,      Illinoi,. 
Born  October  9,   189.S,     in     Riola,     Illinois. 
Son    of    John    Rucker    and    Dollie    Adams 
Rucker.       Volunteered     in     August,      1914, 
with  Company  D,  I23d  U.  S.  iNfachine  Gun 
Company. 

Georgetown,  Illinois.     Born  in  Georgetown, 
Illinois.    August    13,    1886.      Son    of   Albert 
Sanders  and  Isadora  Pribble  Sanders.  Hus- 
band    of     Grace     Reese     Sanders.     Volun- 
teered in  July.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Army. 

PRIVATE 
•EN    McKIN'DREE    SHEE 


town,  Illinois.  February  6. 
Fred  B.  Sheets  and  Jennie 
Volunteered  March  8.  1911 
U.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


3.  Son  of 
len  Sheets, 
ith    the    2d 


A,   MAURICE  SMITH.   U.  S.   N. 
Georgetown.     Illinois.       Born     in     Dayto 
Oregon.  April  19,  1896.     Son  of  Dr.  E.  J 
Smith  and  Jennie  Smith.      Enlisted  Augu 
27,    1917,    with    the    U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE 
CHARLES  RAIMER  SMITH,  V.  S.  M.  C. 
9  W.  Thirteenth  Street,  Georgetown,  Illi- 
nois. Born  March  11,  1892,  in  VVestville. 
Illinois.  Son  of  James  E.  and  Clara  E. 
Hanson  Smith.  Enlisted  April  19,  1918. 
with  the  6th  Separate  Battalion,  Coirpany 
A.  U.   S.  Marines. 

293 


FIRST    LIEUTI-NAN 
ELM'-R    M.   SMITH 
tate  and  McKinley  Stre 
town.  IlUnois.     Born  July  5.   1868. 


lion  County.  Illinois.  Son  of  Bluford 
and  Diana  Si«ler  Smith.  Husband  of 
tinie  Tomlinson  Smith  and  father  of  Sig- 
•.  Mazama.  Morris.  Parthenia  and  Por- 
Entered  service  in  September.  1917. 
th  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps. 


_  in  of  Emberson  and  Ma: 
Bayer  Smith.  Husband  of  Bessie  Carney 
Smilh.  Entered  service  May  27,  1918. 
with  the  11th  U.  S.  Ammunition  Tram, 
Company  B. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  SMITH,  U.  S  M.  C. 
E.  Eleventh  Street.  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Born  in  Glenburn.  Illinois.  December  18. 
1897.  Son  of  John  Smith  and  Hannah 
Cooper  Smith.  Volunteered  May  9,  1917. 
with  Company  13.S.  Anti-Aircraft  Battery, 
U.    S.    Marine    Corp.s. 


PRIVATE  FRED  THOMPSON 
33  E.  Seventh  Street.  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Born  August  31.  1883.  in  Georgetown.  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Sylvanus  and  Viola  Reid 
Thompson.  Volunteered  May  28,  1917, 
with  the  16th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  A. 
Killed  in  action  January  22,  1918. 


PRIVATE 
HARRY  LEWIS  SMITH,  U.  S.  M. 
Georgetown,  Illinois.  Born  June  4,  1 
in  Danville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charle; 
and  Laura  Gold  Smith.  Volunte 
July  15,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Mar 
Company  265. 


CORPORAL  R.  LEO  SMITH 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born 
December  9.  1895.  in  Hume.  Illinois.  Son 
of  R.  P.  and  Mary  Green  Smith.  Volun- 
teered April  3.  1917.  with  the  68th  Regi- 
ment. Battery  D.  U.  S.  Heavy  Artillery. 
Three   years'   service    with    the    5th    Illinois 


PRIVATE  EMORY  VANDERVANTER 

5  N.  Walnut  Street.  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Born  August  8.  1880.  in  Coles  County. 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  W.  and  Charlotte 
Hopper  Vandevantcr.  Entered  service 
•■  ■        -       ■-■'-  ■'--  130th  U.  S.  In- 


PRIVATE  JAMES  EVERETT  SMITH 
R.  R.  No.  2.  Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born 
December  31.  1889.  in  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Son  of  James  Melvin  and  Anna  Smith. 
Entered  service  March  3.  1918.  with  the 
52d    Spruce    Company.    U.    S.    Army. 


ft. 


1 


^/ 


PRIVATE 
WILLIAM  ROBERf  .sri.li.M.\N 
Georgetown.  Illinois.  I'.oni  .\lar,h  19. 
1898,  in  Westville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Edgar 
and  Augusta  Pasha  Stedman.  Volunteered 
May  1,  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps. 
Company  44. 


SERGEANT  GEORGE  WILLIAM  VICE 
138  Whitlier  Street.  Georgetown.  Illinois. 
Born  April  7,  1895,  in  Grape  Creek,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  Vice  and  Sarah  Van- 
Landingham  Vice.  Entered  service  Feb- 
ruary   14,    1918,    with    the    U.    S.    Medical 


•    ^^^ 

'"^^ 

_#           ■■       -: 

'       -J 

1_ 

.A 

PRIVATE  WILLIAM    VICE 
10   \V.   Second  Slrect.  Ccorgetowii,  Illinoi' 
Horn    in    1885,    in    Indiana.      Son    of    VVi 
liain   Vice.      Entered  service  June   18.  VtU 


PRIVATE   FRANK    L.   WALTERS 
8  E.  Fifteenth  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Horn    Deceinber    14,     1892,    in     Fairmount. 
Illinois.       Son    of    James    A.    and    Cynthia 
Smith       Walters.  Husband       of       Alice 

Lewis      Walters       Entered      service      April 
3.     1018,    with    the    47th    U.     S.    Artillery. 


PRIVATE   OTIS    V.    WATTS 
Georgetown,    Illinois.      Born    February    15, 


September,  1918. 


Son  of  Wil- 
liam T.  and  Mary  Snyder  Woodard.  En- 
tered service  June  27,  1918,  with  the  123d 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  G. 


liam  T.  and  Mary  Snyder  Woodard  En- 
tered service  June  27,  1918,  with  the  123d 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  K. 


PRIVATE  OSCAR  CRAVES  WHITE 


May  . 
of    He 


Son  of  Henderson  and  Clara  F  Graves 
White.  Volunteered  July  26.  1917,  with 
the  466th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron,  A.  S.  S.  C. 


PRIVATE  PAUL  A.   WOODRUFF 
Georgetown,  Illinois.     Born  April   15,   1892. 
in    Georgetown.    Illinois.      Son    of    William 
and    Blanche    Allison    Woodruff.       Entered 
service  in  June.  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Artil- 


ery 


k.    Co 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
ROBERT  S.  WOODRUFF 
Georgetown.  Illinois.  Born  in  George- 
town, Illinois.  April  14,  1895.  Son  of 
Willism  Woodruff  and  Blanche  Allison 
Woodruff.  Volunteered  May  12,  1917,  with 
the  333d  U.  S.   Machine  Gun   Battalion. 


E.    T' 


PRIVATE  FRED  WRIGHT 
i-elfth     Street,     Georgeto 


....  .  Illinois.  Son 

of  Jacob  Henry  and  Mary  Ellen  Rush 
Wright.  Husband  of  Bessie  Stalters 
Wright  and  father  of  Bernice  Wright. 
Entered  service  May  25,  1918.  with  the 
138th  V.   S.   Field  Artillery,   Battery  A. 


PRIVATE   ARTHUR   YOHO 
30  Pine  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois. 


Yoh 

1918,    with    the    214th 
8th  Company. 


Illinois. 

dler  Yoho  and  the  late 

Septem- 


PRIVATE  JOHN  F.  ALAWAY 
S.  State  Street,  Westville.  Illinois. 
1  June  27,  1892,  in  Grape  Creek,  Illi- 
Son  of  Ben  F.  and  Mary  Utrick 
■av.  Entered  service  May  22,  1918, 
the  37th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  H. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  F.  ALAWAY 
1301  S.  State  Street,  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  21,  1894,  in  Grape  Creek, 
Illinois.  Son  of  Ben  !■.  and  Mary  Utrick 
Alawav.  Entered  service  May  31,  1918, 
with  the  6Sth  l'.  S.  Jnfantry,  Company  K. 


CHARLES  ZIMMER, 
MUSICIAN,     U.     S.     N. 
Walnut  Street,  Georgetown,  Illinois.     Born 
1896,  in   Freeport,   Illinois.   En- 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  ATTON 
Westville,  Illinois.    Born  October  22.   1899, 
in    Danville,    Illinois.      Son    of   Joseph    and 
Florence    McCormick    Atton.      Volunteered 
July  23,    1917,  with  Company  K.  4oth  U.   S. 


'>,  A 


CECIL  L.  BEAVER,  SEAMAN",  l'.  S.  N. 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Grape  Creek, 
Illinois,  April  26,  1899.  Son  of  Luella 
Beaver.  V'olunteered  April  30,  1917,  with 
the  U.   S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  HERMAN  W.  BENNETT 
R.  F.  D.  No.  1.  Westville,  Illinois.  Born 
December  l.i,  1889,  in  Marion,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Adam  C.  and  Martha  Ruggles 
Bennett.  Volunteered  May  20,  1918,  with 
the   50th    U.   S.    Engineers,   Company   B. 


PRIVATE  ALVIN  BTSTLINE 
R.  F.  D.  No.  8,  Westville,  Illinois.  Born 
July  8,  1888,  in  New  Germantown, 
Pennsylvania.  Son  of  James  B.  and 
Nancy  Bistline.  Volunteered  March  6, 
1918,  with  Battery  D,  58th  U.  S.  Coast 
Artillery    Corps. 


of  Fremont  C.  and  Mary  Lanham  Bin 
Volunteered  July  4,  1913,  with  the  12 
U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  E. 


October  J". 

of     John     W 

Entered    service    June    26,    1917, 

316th  U.  S.   Field  Artillery,  Batt 


CORPORAL 
CIIRISTOIMIKR  T.  CAMPliKLT. 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville, 
Illinois,  May  3U,  1886.  Son  of  Christopher 
Campbell  and  Anna  Murray  Campbell. 
Volunteered  June  11,  1915,  with  Com- 
pany   D,    23d    U.    S.    Infantry.      Gassed    in 


with  the  1 1,  b.  Depot  lir 
ferrcd  to  the  .S-lth  Division 
Infantry. 


Ml  Jamestown,  Pennsylvania.  Volunteered 
June  3,  1917,  with  Company  F,  10th  U.  S. 
Infantry. 


Born  May  2,  1891,  in  Bezenet,  France.  Son 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  Vallangcon  Cham- 
pomier.  Husband  of  Yvonne  Legland 
Champomier.  Entered  service  June  26, 
1918,  with  the  l.S6th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade, 
33d    Company,   9th    Battalion. 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  COOPER 
216  West  Street,  Westville,  Illinois.     Born 
October   25.    1884,   in    Strong  City,    Kansas. 
Son   of   Delia   Clifton    Cooper   and   the   late 


PRIVATE  CHESTER  F.  DAVIS 
401  Indiana  Avenue,  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  August  25.  1895.  in  Christman^  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  D.  K.  and  Jennie  McGirr 
Davis.  Husband  of  Rosie  Ballar  Davis. 
Volunteered  October  31,  1917,  with  the  58th 
U.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  Battery  E. 


SERGEANT   PETER   P.   DUC.AS 
Weslville,     Illinois.       Born     in     Perth.     Ir 
diana,    January    29,    1896.      Son    of    Henr 
Dugas.     Volunteered  August  "" 


>^. 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  H.   ELLIOTT 
R.    No.    1,    WestviUe.    Illinois.      Born    Ja 
uary     15,     1896.     Son    of    V.     H.     Ellio 
Volunteered  August  27,   1917,  with  the 
S.  Supply  Train,  3d  Division,  Company 


in  Alvin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Michael 
Martha  A.  Hall  Epperson.  Entered  ser 
June  2,  1918,  with  the  lS6th  Division, 
Company,  U.  S.  Army. 


ille.  Illinois.     Born  June  2iJ.  19IJU,  ni 

Point,  Kansas.     Son  of  Delia  Clifton 

and  the  late  Samuel   Force.     Volun- 

May     22,      1918,      with     the     38th 

ion,   C.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


Husband  of  Anna  Minieke  Frame.  Entered 
^ervice  October  3,  1917,  with  the  346th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  Supply  Company. 


.\ijiii  ir.  -  .  ...  '  .-  Creek,  Illinois. 
.^nn  of  Iraiik  »n.l  Sar.ih  McCullough  Gil- 
man.  Entered  service  September  19,  1917, 
with  the  82d  C.  S.  Casualty  Company,  162d 
Depot    Brigade. 


PRIVATE  LEO  GLUVICKE 
R.  F.  D.  No.  1,  Box  nO'A,  Westville, 
Illinois.  Born  February  22,  1897,  in 
Duray,  Pennsylvania.  Son  of  Joseph  and 
Helen  Suczewski  Gluvicke.  Volunteered 
February  23,  1918,  with  the  I9lh  U.  S. 
Infantry,   Company   M. 


,  -rAm 

ANDREW    (iAYDO.'; 


Born  September  S,  1893,  in  Streator,  1 
nois  Son  of  Peter  and  Annie  Locka 
Gaydos.  Volunteered  December  13,  19 
with  the  69th   Company.  U.  S.  Coast  Ar 


PRIVATE  ANDREW  GONDZUAR 
1010  S.  State  Street,  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  in  March,  1891,  in  Telso,  Sebes.  Son 
of  Lawrence  and  Mary  Lazo  Gondzuar. 
Husband  of  Anna  Harshark  Gondzuar 
and  father  of  John  Gondzuar.     Volunteered 

AT™..     17       101Q      ,..;tVi     th*.    0th     IT       *s       Rritrafle. 


G.  D.  HAMILTON.  SEAMAN,  U. 

S,  N. 

116  Kelly  Avenu( 

;,  Kellyvill^ 

e,  Illinoi 

s.   Born 

July    9.    1890,    in 

S:ill^ 

.    IlMnoi" 

..      Son 

of   William   and 

Bennett 

Ham- 

ilton.      Enlisted 

June    11, 

1917.    w 

ith    the 

l.t   Regiment.  Ba 

rracks  No. 

2.  X.  S 

.  Navy. 

SKRCKAXT 
WILLIA.M  CLAIUK  U  KNSl.i;  V 
1 19  Nichols  Street,  WestviUe,  Illinois.  li 
August  24,  1894,  in  Grape  Creek,  lllin. 
Son  of  Oliver  and  Leta  Riffet  Hensl 
Husband  of  Effie  Stevens  Henslev. 
l.red    service   June    26,    1918,    with 'the 


PRIVATE  PETE  HAMILTON 
116  Kelly  Avenue,  Kellyville,  Illinois.  1 
November  4,  1891.  in  Clinton.  Indiana, 
of  William  and  Elizabeth  Bennett  H; 
ion.  \'olunteered  September  10.  1914. 
the   r.    S.   Supply  Troop,  4th  Cavalry. 


November  16.  1894,  in  Decatur,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Frank  and  Cora  Huntington  Hart. 
Husband  of  Pearl  Niece  and  father  of  Paul 
and  Ampid  Hart.     Entered  service  June  19, 


i,  December  11,  19UU.  Son 
i  and  Laura  Jenkins.  Volun 
1918,    with    Company    S,    I 


\  ATI-.  JOHN  J.  KOCIIERA 
re  Street,  Westville,  Illinois.  Bor 
,  189.1,  in  Austria-Hungar>-.  So 
md  Mary  Santivany  Kochera.  En 
rvice  April  3,  1918,  with  the  Is 
nti-Aircraft   Battalion. 


y  7.   19n:.  ,„   ^\,n<.,^    I  ity.  Ohio.     Son 
ndrcw  and  Esther  Ellish   Krainock.  Vol. 


City,  Ohio,  June  22,  1894.  Son  of 
Lw  Krainock  and  Elizabeth  Ellish 
lock.  Volunteered  October.  1917,  with 
'.   S.    Medical   Corps. 


GEORGE  LAINE 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Grape  Creek, 
Illinois,  February  5,  1897.  Son  of  Joe 
Laine  and  Augusta  Laine.  Volunteered 
October  24,  1917,  with  the  l.=;2d  U.  S.  Aero 
Squadron. 


CORPORAL  JOE  LAINE,  JR. 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  McDonald, 
Pennsylvania,  December  ,11,  1893.  Son  of 
Joe  Laine  and  Augusta  Laine.  Volunteered 
April  17,  1917,  with  Company  4,  U.  S. 
Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


\ll  ALIUKD  F.  LANDRIEUX 
•MMlli-,  llluiuis.  Born  in  Modoc.  Uli- 
,,  Apnl  1.;.  1SV6.  Sun  of  Jules  Lan- 
»u.x  and  Mary  Fauchet  Landrieux.  En- 
ed  service  April  i,  1918,  with  the  V.  S. 
tillery. 


PRIVATE  AMIEL  LECOMTE 
541  Michigan  Avenue,  Westville,  Illinoi: 
Born  November  26,  1892,  in  Drocour 
France.  Son  of  Frank  and  Celine  Desherie 
Lecomte.  Entered  service  June  26,  1911 
with  Battery  B,  2d  Regiment,  F.  A.  R.  I 


PRIVATE  ¥IU 

U\ 

K  LECUMTE 

.S41    Michigan    Aveni 
Born   June    27,    1890, 
Son    of    Frank    and 
comte.     Entered  serv 
Battery  A,  2d  Regin 

ice 

Westville, 
n    Berazel, 
elinc    Deshe. 
:  June  26,  19 
.t,  F.  A.  R. 

Illinois. 
Indiana, 
ries    Le- 
18,  witr 
D. 

CORPORAL  VERN  R. 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  ^ 
in  Mansfield,  Indiana.  Sor 
Jennie  McCool  Mitchell.  \ 
,10,   1917,  with  Company  F, 


PRIVATE  ELMER  M. 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  January 
in  Newport,  Indiana.  Son  of  George  and 
Jennie  McCool  Mitchell.  Husband  of  Myrtle 
Hanis  and  father  of  Dorothy  Mitchell.  Vol- 
unteered April  5,  1917,  with  Company  B, 
34th   U.  S.   Infantry. 


PRIVATE  JOE  MADDEX 
R.  F.  D.  No.  1.  Westville.  Illinois.  Born 
September  19,  1896,  in  Georgetown,  Illinois. 
Son  of  Jonathan  G  .and  Emma  Caroll  Mad- 
den. Entered  service  May  13,  1918,  with 
the  56th  V.   S.   Infantry,  Company   D. 


Streator,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  John  T.  and  Annie  Macklus 
Oshock.  Entered  service  April  2,  1918,  with 
the  315th  U.  S.  Engineers,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  PAI.USKO 
Kellyville,  Illinois.    Born  in  1892  in  Rock- 
viUe.  Pennsylvania.    Son  of  John  and  Annie 
Palusko.      Volunteered  July   10,    1917,  with 
the    Ist    II.    S.    RcRular    Engiueers,    Com- 


PRIVATE  ANTONY  PETRO 


Louis  and  Patronelia  Gudansks  Petro.  Vol- 
unteered December  17,  1916,  with  the  125th 
V.  S.   Infantry.  Company   E. 


Illinois,  January  19,  1899.  Son  of  Uavid 
Pierce  and  the  late  Alaria  Lewis  Pierce. 
Enlisted  July  3,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


Sl'RGEANT   FELIX    POLAKES 
Mville.     Illinois.      Born     September    20, 
.;,    m    Chicago,    Illinois.      Son    of   Anna 
son  and  George  Polakes.     Entered  serv- 


SERGEAXT  MARTIN  J.  REVELLO 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  November  i; 
895.      Son   of   Tony    and    Maria    Betrolin 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  W.  RICHARDS 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois. 
January  25,  1899.  Son  of  John  C.  Richards 
and  Sarah  J.  Maloy  Richards.  Entered 
service  September  6.  1917,  with  326th  Com- 
pany, U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


Hit, v..-^.      Born   in   t»rape   Creek 

s.    May    11,   1893.     Son   of  John   Rob 

erts  and  Sarah  Jane  Bishop  Roberts.  Vol- 
unteered August  26,  1917.  with  the  875th 
U.  S.  Aero  Supply   Squadron. 


12(1  West  Street,  Westville,  Illinois.  Born 
October  23.  1895,  in  Russia.  Son  of  Frank 
and  M.  Warnicis  Shimkus.  Husband  of 
Hcrtha  Possolt  Shimkus.  Enlisted  in  May, 
I'llS.   with   the   U.   S.    Navy, 


■   CORPORAL  JAMES   SNEYD 
Westville,    Illinois.     Born   in    Streator,   Illi- 
nois,    January    20,     1896.       Son     of    James 
Snevd  and  Charlotte  Sneyd.     Entered  serv- 
ice   Mav   27.    1918,   with   the   l".    S.   Armv. 


SERGEANT  IIE.N'RY  SNEYD 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Streator,  Illi- 
nois, April  2,  1894.  Son  of  James  Sneyd 
and  Charlotte  Sneyd.  V'olunteered  in  1895, 
with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artillery.  Trans- 
ferred to  Company  2,  I*.  S.  Coast  Artillery 


PRIVATE  BORD  KEEPER  SNOOK 

611  East  Main  Street,  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  7,  1895,  in  Westville,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Charles  Lincoln  and  Martha 
Almira  Brooks  Snock.  Entered  service 
June  25,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Depot 
Brigade,    Company    I,    3rd    Regin-ent. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  F.  SNOOK 
611  East  Main  Street.  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  24,  1888,  in  Beedle  County, 
South  Dakota.  Son  of  Charles  and  Martha 
Almira  Brooks  Snook.  Entered  service  June 
25,  1918,  with  the  306th  U.  S.  Ammunition 
Train,  Company   E. 


:-,\7'A  South  State  Street,  Westville,  Illinois. 
Born  September  16,  1895,  in  KinRman,  In- 
diana. Son  of  Joseph  and  Alliena  C.  Liv- 
ingston Sowers.  Husband  of  Grace  Coal 
.^^owers.  Entered  service  May  15.  1917, 
with  Company  B,  312th  U.  S.  Engineers. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  R.  SOWERS 
Westville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Fountain  County, 
Indiana,  December  15,  1891.  Son  of  Alliena 
C.  Livingston  Sowers  and  Joseph  Sowers. 
Entered  service  in  April,  1918,  with  Battery 
C,  337th  V.   S.   Field  Artillery. 


July     13,    lo^l.    Ml     vicuiKCl""..,    i.....>^.:..      . 

of  Edward  and  Mary  S.  Davis  Sweeney. 
V'olunteered  in  March.  1912.  with  the  136th 
Regiment  Camp.  l<Jth  U.  S.  Infantry.  With 
Company    H.    34th    Regiment.    7th    Divisiml. 


i,  ISgj,  in  BelEium. 
I.oviis  and  Leonie  VirRuian  Tir 
Kntered  service  May  27^  1918, 
I  nth   U.   S.   Engineers,   Company 


•ATI-:  (iKKC.OK  VAL  Ki- 
ll Slate  Street.  VVestville,  Illinois, 
bruary  'J,  1S92,  in  Italy.  Son  of 
and  Mary  Pinta  Vacketta.  Entered 
,pril  27,  1918,  with  the  l.S2d  U.  S. 
C'on-pany  H. 


r>. 


ipany  I,  U.   S.  Na 


I'RIXATK  TO.NY  VRASKA 
i-'.i  West  Jules  Street,  WestviUe,  III 
1900,  in  Russia.   Son  (  ' 


SERGEANT  EAMILE  WAXCEI.E 
estville.  Illinois.     Born  in  Westville,  111 
is.   September   21.    1894.      Sonof   Eamil 


RIV.VFE    JOSEPH    WEAVER 

rk   Street,  Westville,    Illinois.     Borr 

L27,  1897,  in  Shenandoah.  Pcnnsyl 
m  of  John  and  Anna  Ilupchinsk 
r.   Volunteered  in  October,  1913, 

Division,  Ammunition  Train,  Coi 
k.    Horse    Battalion,    T.    S.    Army. 


IN    FREDRICK    VUTRICK 

lules  Street,  Westville,  Illinois. 
•"30,  1890,  in  Grape  Creek.     Son 

Murdock    and    the    late    John    A. 

Entered  service  September  19, 
I  the  131st  U.  S.  Infantry,  Head- 
Company. 


ith 


PRIVATE  SCOTT  A.  WELCH 
402  South  S 

August  16,  -_ — -,  .... 

of  John  J.  and  Nora  Davis  Wekh 
service   September  30,    1917,   with   the 
U.  S.  Cavalry,  Troop  M. 


^ 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  BURR  ANKRUM 
RidKefarm.  Illinois.  Born  in  Ridgefarm, 
Illinois,  July  23,  ISW.     Son^of  Harry  Ank- 

with  Company 


CORPORAL    ROSS    BARKER   ANKRUM 
Ridgefarm,     Illinois.       Born     in     February, 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  M.  BALDWIN 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  February  7,  Ig^ 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  J 
and  Nancy  Baldwin.  Volunteered  in  Apr 
1917.  with  the  5th  Regiment,  Company 
U.  S.   Infantry.      Died  July    17.  1917. 


th  the  170th  U.  S. 


SERGEANT   THOMAS    BEDINGER 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.      Born  April  7,   1893,  in 
Ridgefarm,     Illinois.       Son     of    Joseph     B. 
and  Clarette  Bedinger.     Entered  service  in 
August,  1917,  with  the  139th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIN'ATE  ALVA  II.  BALDWIN 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  January  5,  18 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas 
and  Nancy  BakUvin.  Entered  service 
October.   1918,  with   V.   S.   Infantrv. 


Ridgefarm,    Illinois.      Born    M 
Son  of  Frank  and  Catherine   Brcra 
tcrcd  service   September  6..   1918. 
U.   S.  Depot  Brigade. 


PRIVATE    EARL    BUSBY 
Ridgefarm,    Illinois.       Born    in     December. 
1893.   in    St.   Francisville,   Illinois.      Son    of 
Charles  Fremont  and  Rosa  E.  Busby.    Vol- 


PRIVATE  ROY  L.  lil  Sl'.Y 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Born  Ocinl.i  i  _'  =  .  1>'':, 
in  Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Son  ..f  t.  liarlc,  Fn 
mont  and  Rosa  E.  Busby.  Entered  service 
October  1.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Training 
Corps,  Student  Army. 


PRIVATE  EVERETT   R.   CANADA V 


Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  ^„,..  ............  .„ 

in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Owen 
Autenchia  Cana'Uy.  Entered  servic 
Septerabcr,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Quj 
masters  Corps,  transportation  Sec 
Truck   Driver. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  E.  CANADAV 

PRIVATE  WILLIAM 

U.  CANADAY 

Ridgefarm,  Illinois.     Born  July  5.   1892,  in 
Ridgefarm,     Illinois.       Son     of    Owen    and 
Autenchia    Canailay.       Entered    service    in 
June,  1918,  with  the  I56th  U.  S.  Depot  Bri- 
gade, Company  .i.  Casual  Camp. 

Ridgefarm,    Illinois.      lioi 
1899,  in  Ridgefarm,  Illinc 
and   Autenchia    Canaday, 
in  September,   1918,  with 

:n    September    26, 

lis.     Son  of  Owen 

Entered    service 

the   U.   S.  Army. 

o 

'/   ^    V 


PRIVATE  A.  B.  CANADAV 
Ridge  Farm,  Illinois.  Born  in  Ridge  Farm, 
Illinois,  December  22,  1893.  Son  of  A.  D. 
Canaday  and  Jemina  Baiter  Canaday.  En- 
tered senice  February  6,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Aviation  Signal  Corps. 


m 


CORPORAL  W.  E.  CANADAV 
Ridgefarm,  lll:n..is.  Born  in  Metcalf, 
nois,  January  29,  1887.  Son  of  A.  D.  I 
day  and  Jemina  Baker  Canaday.  En 
service  September  19,  1917,  with  the  \ 
Medical    Corps. 


PRIVATE  BENJAMIN  H.  CoMi'luN 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  April  5,  1895,  in 
Mount  Carmel,  Illinois.     Husband  of  Hazel 


I  .\DET  IIISKI'II  CHARLES  CuOKE 
RHlKClarm.  Illinois.  Born  October  4,  IS'iil. 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  F. 
and  Cora  B.  Patrick  Cooke  Volunteered 
in  May,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Aviation,  as 
Aerial  Gunner. 


CAPTAIN  HENRY  F.  DICE 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  in  September, 
1871,  in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  George 
A.  and  Anna  E.  Dice.  Husband  of  Bertha 
Young  Dice.  Entered  service  August  2, 
1918,  with  the  274th  U.  S.  Field  Hospital 
Medical  Corps,    19th   Sanitary  Train. 

305 


GOLDEN  ELLIS.  SKA.MAN,  V.  S.  N. 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  September  2,  189 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Herman  Ell 
and  the  late  Effie  N.  Ellis.  Enlisted  i 
April.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Naval  Forces. 


PRIVATE 

PRIVATE    BERNAKI.    1   i   -1  1  I     .   IKRV 

PRIVATE    WALTER    ELLIOT' 

ROBERT  WESTABROOK  CURRY 

Ridge  Farm,  lUinoi-.  l;-i.i  m  K^li:,.i  i '..iinty. 

Ridgefavm,  Illinois.    Born  in  February 

Ri<lge  Farm,  Illinois.     Born  in  Ridge  Farm, 
lliiiois     February    9     1898.      Son    of   A     J. 

Illinois.    November   2.    isyj.      Sun    of    Rose 

in   Ridgefarm,  Illinois.      Son   of  Olive 

Carroll  Curry  and  A.  J.  Curry.  Volunteered 
lulv  22.    1917,  with   Company  A,   5th   Field 

Sarah  G.   Elliott.     Entered  service  in 

:urrv  ami  Rose  Carroll  Curry.  Volunteered 

1918,   with   the   U.   S.   Army. 

March  in.  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Aero  Squad- 

Battalion,    Signal   Corps. 

PRIVATE  ROBERT  FLAWHEARTV 
Ridge  Farm,  Illinois.  Born  in  Ridge  Farm, 
Illinois,  November,  19,  1895.  Son  of  San- 
ford  T.  Flawhearty  and  Mary  T.  Flaw- 
hearty.  Volunteered  May  21,  1917,  with 
1st  Cavalry,  5th  U.  S.  Troops.  Trans- 
ferred lu  the  1st  U.  S.  Truck  Company. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
CHARLES  H.  FLETCHER 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  in  Ridgefarm, 
Illinois,  July  11,  1888.  Son  of  John  Fletcher 
and  tjrace  Butler  Fletcher.  Volunteered 
-August  27,  1917,  with  the  Supply  Company, 
52d   C.   S.  Infantry. 


iSIUS  PAUL  FLETCHER 
■m.  Illinois.  Born  in  Ridge  Farn 
\pril  1,  1890.  Son  of  Albert  : 
md  Belle  Ncwlin  Fletcher.  Volui 
May,  1917,  with  the  8t.lh  Div 
b    U.   S.   Ensinee.s- 


.  Born  in  Ridge  Farm 
7.  Son  of  John  Fletchc 
Fletcher.  Volunteers 
vith  the  U.   S.  A 


"t 


FIRST    LIECTENAXT 

WILLIAM    K.    FLETCHER 

Ridgefarm.  Illiiio:*.    Uorn  in  1870,  in  Ridge- 

larm,  Illinois.     Son  of  Mahla   F.    Fletcher. 


PRIVATE    AMOS    FRANCIS 
Ridge  Farm.  Illinois.     Son  of  J.   R.   Fr 
ci.s.   Entered  service  with  Company  D,  12. 
Brigade.    .13rd   Division.    U.    S.   Army. 


RRISON 

October,  1884, 
Aon  of  Su.sie  and  the 
Entered  service  May 
.  S.  Engineer.-.  Coin- 


Hadley.     Entered   service   Ueccmtier    l.i. 
7.  with  the  184th  U.  S.  Aero  Squadron. 


SERCEANT  VERNOX  A.  HADLEV 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Born  in  November. 
1892.  in  Kansas.  Son  of  William  and  Eva 
L.  Hadley.  Volunteered  August  9.  1917, 
with  the  1.19th  I'  S  Ambulance  Company. 
1 10th    Sanitary   Train. 


PRIVATE  EARL  HARRIER 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Born  in  October.  IS'i.i 
in  Ccorgetown.  Illinois.  Son  of  Louis  and 
Maggie  R.  Harris.  Volunteered  in  March, 
1917,  with  Company  D,  123rd  U.  S.  Ma- 
chine Gun   Battalion. 


PRIVATE  OSCAR  K.   HOLADAV 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.     Born  i 
Ridgefarm,     Illinois.       Son 
Martha  H.  lloladay.   Entered  service  in  Dc 
cember,   1917,   with  the   C  S,  Army   I'osta 
Agency. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  A.  HOLMES 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  in  December, 
1890,  in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Philip 
and  .Mice  S.  Holmes  Entered  service  Sep. 
tember  6.  1918.  with  the  160th  U.  S.  Depot 
Brigade.   lOlh   Battalion, 


PRIVATE  CHARLES   C.   HUGG 
Ridgcfarm.  Illinois, 
in   Crissman,   lllino. 
Luella   G.    IIUKK. 


February.  1894, 
of  Samuel  and 
red    in    Deceni- 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  A.  JOHNSTON 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.    Born  in  January.  1893. 
in    Ridgefarm.    Illinois.      Son    of   John    and 
Carrie    R.   Johnston.      Entered  service  May 
31.    1918.    with    Company    K.    4(>th    U.     S. 


PRIVATE  ALLEN  JOHN  JONES 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  in  January,  1893. 
in  Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  C.  and 
Amelia  M.  Jones.  Entered  service  May  13, 
1918.  with  the  21st  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Bat- 
talion, Company  C,  7th  Division. 


PRIVATE  GARNET  W 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois  Born  in 
of  James  A.  and  Sarah  A.  K 
teered  in  October,  1916,  wit 
5th   Regiment,  U.   S.  Army. 


HERBERT  WARD  KENDALL 
SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
KidKefarm.  Illinois.    Enlisted  with  the  U. 
Navy,   Kfgirrent  16,  Company  20. 


PRIVATE   WILLIAM    G.    KENDALL 

U.  S.   M.   C. 

Ridgefarm.     Illinois.     Born     November_  27, 


band  of  Martha  Watson  Kendall,  and  father 
of  John  W.  and  Karl  N.  Gordon  Kendall, 
Tr.  Enlisted  June  26,  1918,  with  the  U.  S. 
Marines. 


PRIVATE    HARRY    McCOOL 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.     Son  of  Nellie  McCool. 
Entered    service    with    Company    D,    123rd 
U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  OTIS 
32  West  West  S 
Born   August   28,    ISSy 


land, 
the  U 


Amos  and  Margaret  Milhol- 
Husband  of  Nellie  Leona  Maloy  Mil- 
i.  Entered  service  April  3,  1918,  with 
S.  Coast  Artillery. 


PRIV'ATE   CLOVD   PUGH 

rm.  Illinois.  Born  June  28 
)n  of  Howa 
d  service  S 
1    U.    S.    T 


Ridgefarm.  Illin. 
in  Ridgefarm.  Ill 
Mattie  Lee  Pugh 


1 

PRIVATE    IIUGAR   B.    ANDERSON 
Ridgefarm.    Illinois.       Born    in     November. 
1896,  in  Missouri.     Son  of  John  and  Sarah 


n  Isabel,  Illinois.  Son  ol  Sanford  and  Mar- 
:aret  Orrick.  Volunteered  in  April.  1917. 
vith   the  21st  U.   S.   Infantry.    Transferred 


LIEUTENANT  VERNON  II.  PRIBBLE 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Born  in  May.  1805, 
in  Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  and 
Louise  Hole  Pribble.  Volunteered  in  April, 
1917.  with  the  Supply  Con^pany,  129th  U. 
S.  Infantry. 


in    Edgar    County,    Illinois, 
and    Emma    Pugn.      Entered 
I,  1918,  with  the  68th  U.  S.  A 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  G 
Ridgefarm,  Illii 
in    Ohi< 


PURKHISER 
nois  Born  in  February,  1893, 
of  M.  Harvey  and  Susana 
Purkhiser.  Entered  service  in  April,  1918. 
with  the  1st  Company.  U.  S.  Heavy  Field 
Artillery. 


ARCHIE  P.   TUTTLE 
PETTY  OFFICER.  U.  S.   N. 
Ridgefarm.    Illinois.     Born    in    September. 
1895,  in  RidKcfarm,  Illinois.    Son  of  Cassius 
and   Maggie  Tuttle.      Enlisted  in   April   25, 
1918.    witTl    the    V.    S.    Naval    Forces. 


CORPORAL  JAMES  E.  WASSON 
Ridgefann,  Illinois.  Born  in  February,  18' 
in  Chrisman,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  : 
and  Clara  I.  Wasson.  Husband  of  Blanc 
Flawhearty  Wasson.  Voluntered  Ap 
17.  1917,  with  Company  D,  Unth  U. 
Infantry. 


<J, 


PRIVATE  JAMES  B.  WILLS 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.     Born  October  20.  1895, 
in  Indiana.     Son  of  Perry  G.  and  Agnes  E. 
Wills.     Entered  service  June  28.  1918,  with 
the    U.    S.    Army. 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  JAMES  WOODYARD 
Ridgefarm.  Illinois.  Born  June  24,  1894.  in 
Edgar  County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Isaac  and 
Rosa  Woodyard.  Husband  of  Lucile  Holden 
Woodyard.  Entered  service  June  14.  1918, 
with  the  Rahes  Army  School. 


in  Chrioman,  Illinois.  Son  of  Rober 
and  Ruth  Savre  Yelton.  Entered  scrv: 
April  29,  1918",  with  Battery  C,  337th  U. 
Field  Artillery  Corps. 


CORPORAL  ARLIN  E.  YORK 
Ridgefarm,  Illinois.  Born  in  1890,  in  Ma 
toon,  Illinois.  Son  of  Add  and  Adie  Yor! 
Entered  service  in  September,  1917,  with  tl 
346th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Headquarters  Cor 
pany. 


i'Ri\.\ri:  .\i.\  IN  A.  BISHOP 

II.  Uli.ini-.  ];,,,„  .September  2.  1893,  in 
a.  Indiana.  Sun  of  Charles  and  Jessie 
uson  Bishop.  Entered  service  in  Octo- 
1917,    with    the    U.    S.    Coast    .\rtillery 


R^^*^  ip^ 

W--- 


i 


SQUIRE   MARION    BURROUGHS 

SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
tlin,  Illinois.     Born  March  9,  1886.     Son 

Marion  L.  and  Florence  Payne  Bur- 
jghs.  Father  of  Louise  and  Marion  Bur 
aghs.     Enlisted  in   the  U.   S.   Xavy. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  H.  BUSBY 
Catlin.    Illinois.      Born    in    Catlin,    Illinois, 
July  20.   1897.      Son   of   L.   Busby.     Volun- 
teered May  1,  1917,  with  the  75lh  Company, 
6th   Regiment,   U.    S.    Marines. 


PRIVATE  RALPH  A.  CHURCH 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  April  24,  1890,  in 
CaUin.  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  and  Nora 
B.  Hawkins  Church.  Entered  service  April 
3,  1918,  with  the  68th  Regiment,  Battery  E, 
U.  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


fm 


^  ;'^^ 


11,  Illinois.  Son  of  George  and  Nellie 
in  Collins.  Entered  service  April  3. 
with  Company  F,  68th  U.  S.  Artillery. 


I'klV.MI.  (l.SCAR  NEL.SON  CCLVIili 
Catlm.  lliinois.  Horn  February  17,  1891,  in 
Vcriiiilion  County,  Indiana.  Son  of  Albert 
and  Ihc  late  Hattie  FalLs  Culver.  Volun- 
teered in   1912  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


SFRGICANT 
WILLARD  STANLEY   DAVIS 
,    Illinois.      Born   Aucust   5,    1894. 
.   Vermilion  County,  Illinois.      Son 
im  H.  and  Jennie  McCaleb  Dav 

U.    S.   Infantry,   88th    Dii 


IXARD  DAVIS 
llinois.  Born  September  20,  1891, 
ata,  Oklahoma.  Son  of  William 
lid  Jennie  McCalcb  Davis.     Entered 


1917, 


I'RIVATE   A15SLOM    DOCGETT 
lin.  Illinois.      Born    September  25,   1897, 
atlin.  Illinois.    Son  of  Charles  and  Min- 
Volunteered  April 


PRIVATE  SYLVESTER  DOGGETT 
Catlin.    Illinois.      Born    December    19,    1899. 
Son  of  Charles  and  Minnie  Handcock  Dog- 
gett.      Volunteered   .-Kpril   2.    1917,   with   the 
U.  S.  Cavalry. 


PRIVATE  LEE  EDWARD  HOAG 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  October  16,  1893,  in 
Sand  Oval,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  Hoag  and 
the  late  Artie  Wilholm  Hoag.  Volunteered 
in  June,  1915.  with  the  Headquarters  Com- 
pany, 168th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  HERMAN  E.  HOLDCOMBE 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois, 
March  13,  1900.  Son  of  G.-  P.  Holdcombe 
and  Ruth  Jones  Holdcombe.  Volunteered 
April  19,  1917,  with  Headquarters  Com- 
pany,  8th   Division,   U.    S.   Army. 


PRI\  ATI- 
LAW  RLNtf-    1-     HOLDCOMBE 
Callin,    Illinois       Horn    in    Catlin,    Illinois, 
January  23,  1897      Son  of  George  P.  Hold- 
combe ana  Ruth  Jones  Holdcombe.     Volun 
teered   May   1,   191 
U.  S.  Field  Artillei 


th   Battery   F, 


PRIVATE  RUSSELL  F.  JONES 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois,  F 
ruary  1,  18Q2.  Son  of  Henry  R.  Jones  : 
Annie  Champion  Jones.  Entered  ser\ 
September,  1917,  with  Company  E,  1 
U.   S.  Infantry,   33rd  Division. 


PRIVATE    FERRIS    H.    JONES 

PRIVATE   LLOYD  JONES 

Catlin,   Illinois.      Born    March   20,    1894,    in 
Catlin,  Illinois.   Son  of  Henry  R.  Jones  and 
Annie  V.  Champion  Jones.     Volunteered  in 
May,  1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S.  Field  Artil- 
lery, Rainbow  Division. 

Catlin,    Illinois.      Born    in    Catlin,    Illii 
March  1,  1896.     Son  of  Henry  R.  Jones 
Annie  V.  Champion  Jones.     Entered  ser 
in  March,    1918,  with  the   13th   U.    S. 
fantry  Band. 

CORPORAL 
WALTER  ERNEST  JINKINS 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  February  20,  1892.  in 
('atlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  M.  and 
Nora  Gavin  Jinkins.  Volunteered  in  Jan- 
uary, 1918,  with  the  6th  Construction  Com- 
pany, L.  S.  Air  Service. 


SERGEANT  HARRY  H.  JONES 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois, 
August  22,  1892.  Son  of  Thomas  E.  Jones 
and  Lottie  H.  Tcrpcning  Jones.  Volunteered 
December  12.  1917,  with  the  270th  U.  S. 
Aero  Squadron. 


and  ilati 

Hazel  V.  Turm 

8,  1918,  with  the  Hyd 


September  28,  1S«5,  Son  of  Lillic  Hinton. 
Vohmteered  May  1,  1917,  with  Battery  F. 
?7th   U.  S.  Field  Artillery,  4th  Division. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  PHILLIP  SHEWARD 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  October  28,  1895,  in 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Stephen  and  Sarah 
WiUoughby  Sheward.  Entered  service  May 
24,   1918,   with   Company   I,   37th   U.    S.   In- 


PRIVATE  JAMES  F.  POSTLEWAITE 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  James  Postlewaite 
and  Elizabeth  Mast  Postlewaite.  Entered 
service  with  Company  D,  123rd  U.  S.  Ma- 
chine Gun  Battalion,  Supply  Department. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  W.  SHIPPS 
Catlin,  Illinois.    Volunteered  with  Company 


JOHN  MARION  RENICK 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois, 
April  2,  1893.  Son  of  Mary  Anna  Snider 
and  the  late  John  Marion  Renick.  Volun- 
teered December  R,  1918.  with  1st  V.  S. 
Ordnance  Branch,   Headquarters  Company. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  F.  SANFOKD 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois, 
1901.  Son  of  Fred  Sanford  and  Agnes  Ph. 
lerplace  Sanford.  Volunteered  April  ; 
1917,  with  Battery  A,  14yth  U.  S.  Fie 
Artillery,  Rainbow  Division. 


SERGEANT  MAJOR  LEITH  SAWYER 


PRIVATE 

HERMAN  WARNER  STEPHEN 

Catlin,    Illinois.      Born    in    Catlin.    Illinc 

MarchJO,  1900.     Son  of  R.  W.  Stephen  a 

Stephen.    X'olunteered  April 


ih  Troop 


l.^lh   L".  S.  d 


airy. 


Catlin.  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville.  Illinois. 
April  22.  1893.  Son  of  R.  VV.  Stephen  and 
Dora  Ellen  Stephen.  Volunteered  in  May. 
191".  with  the  77th  U.  S.  Artillery.  4th 
Division. 


SERGEANT  MATTHIAS  B.  SWINDALL 
R.  R.  No.  :,  Catlin  Township,  Illinois.    Born 


Catlin.   Ill: 
Matthias  E 
jlunteered  in  Marc 
123d  U.  S.   Mach 


ndall  and  Bethany  Swindall. 
1917.  with  Companv 
Gun  Battalion,  5th 


PRIVATE  DON  D.  TERPENING 
Catlin.  Illinois.  Born  September  7,  1886. 
Son  of  Theodore  and  Florence  Terpcning. 
Husband  of  Lois  Terpening.  and  father  of 
Lois  Terpening.  Entered  service  July  24, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade. 


HAL  H.  TERPENING 
INSTRUCTOR.  U.  S.  N. 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  February  9.  1889,  in 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Theodore  and  Flor- 
ence  Terpening.  Husband  of  Vern  Terpen- 
ing: Volunteered  with  Company  M,  7th  Regi- 
ment.   V.    S.    Radio    Department. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  \V.  I  I  Kl'h.MNG 
Citlin.  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville,  Illinois, 
April  8,  1900.  Son  of  J.  W.  Terpening  and 
Margaret  A.  Bushong  Terpening.  Volun- 
teered .Xpril  2.1,  1917,  with  Company  F,  5th 
U.  S.  Infantry. 


GEANT 
^UFORD  LEO  TAYLOR 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  August  21,  1895.  in 
Catlin.  Illinois.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mack 
Taylor.  Husband  of  Beatrice  Jean  Tarrant 
Taylor,  and  father  of  LaVonne  and  Lawrence 
Taylor.  Volunteered  December  12.  1917, 
with  the  320th  U.  S.  Field  Signal  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  SAM   R.  TILTON 
Catlin,    Illinois.      Born    in    Catlin,    Illinois, 
April  6,  1900.     Volunteered  April  23.  1917. 
with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Department.  Section 
K,   Medical   Hospital. 
K.  Base  Hospital. 


GARNET  ].  WILKE.NSOX 
SEAMAN.  U.  S.  N. 
Catlin.  Illinois.  Born  May  2,  1897,  in  West 
ville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  and  Mar> 
Jewell  Wilkenson.  Husband  of  Marie  Fra 
zier  Wilkenson.  and  father  of  Marv  Am 
Wilkenson.  Enlisted  luly  6.  1918.  with  thi 
U.  S.   Navy.  Conpanv  t..   Regiment   l.i. 


PRIVATE  HARVE  G.  WOLFE 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Catlin,  Illinois, 
February  7.  1898.  Son  of  Everett  Wolfe 
and  Kalherine  Casteel  Wolfe.  Volunteered 
.April  18,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Cavalry. 
Transferred   to   the   79th    V.    S.    Field   Artl'l- 


PRIVATE  RICHARD  J.  WILKINSON 
Catlin.  Illinois.  Born  January  10.  IS'H).  i 
Sullivan  County,  Indiana.  Son  of  Frar 
and  Anna  Tarlton  Wilkinson.  Entered  ser 
ice  September  18,  1917,  with  the  Ulst  U.  '. 
Infantry,  Company  C. 


PRIVATE  WARREN  G.  WOLFE 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  May  5,  1891,  in  Cat- 
lin, Illinois.  Son  of  George  W.  and  Otilla 
Martin  Wolfe.  Entered  service  April  28. 
1918,  with  the  31.Sth  U.  S.  Engineers,  Com- 
pany C,  as  Drummer. 


PRIVATE  IRVIN  WOLI 


Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  1899.  Son  of  Emma 
Wolfe.  Volunteered  with  the  14th  I".  S. 
Cavalry,  Troop  E. 


CORPORAL  CHARLES  EDWARD  ADE 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  July  16,  189.?,  in 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  D.  C.  Ade  and 
Susie  .\.  Luckcr  Ade.  Entered  service  .\nril 
.!,  I9I8.  with  Battery  F,  68th  ReiiimenI, 
U.    S.    Artillery. 


PRIVATE  LOL'IS  M.  WILLIAMSON 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Paris,  Illinois.  May 
21.  1900.  Son  of  Ella  Williamson.  Entered 
service  October  17,  1917,  with  the  69th  Aero 
Squadron,  U.  S.  Air  Service  Department 
of  Military  Aeronautics. 


CHESTER  ARTHUR  WOLFE 
AVI.XTOR,  U.  S.  N. 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  January  16,  1888,  in 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Schott  and  Emma 
McPherson  Wolfe.  Husband  of  Ina  Pogue 
Wolfe  and  father  of  Chester  Jr.  and  Floyd 
E.  Wolfe.  Enlisted  June  12,  1918,  with  the 
V.    S.   Naval   Aviation   Section. 


DAVID  CLINTON    ADE 
SEAMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
Rossville,  Illinois.      Born  October  26,   1895. 
in    Oakwood,    Illinois.      Son    of    David    and 
Susie   A.   Tucker   .\de.      Enlisted   April    22, 
1917,  with  the  U,  S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE 
JOSEPH  CLARENCE  ALBRIGHT 
Henderson  Avenue,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born 
November  15,  1845,  in  Vermilion  County, 
Illinois.  Son  of  John  M.  and  Maria  Jane 
Allen  Allbright.  Volunteered  July  14. 
1917,  with  the  103rd  U.  S.  Aero  Pursuit 
Squadron. 


PRIVATE  WARRICK  BLAGG 
Attica  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  Sep- 
tember 23,  1889,  in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Henry  Blagg  and  the  late  May  Stalnaker 
Blagg.  Entered  service  October  18,  1917, 
with  the  151st  L^  S.  Infantry,  Company  E. 


Atti 


PRIVATE  DONNIE  BLAGG 

mil 


De- 


.  1894,  in  Rossville,  Illii 
of  Henry  Blagg  and  the  late  May  Stalnaker 
Blagg.  Entered  service  September  18,  I9I7, 
with  the  Machine  Gun  Company,  346th  U.  S. 
Infantry,  87th   Division. 


CORPORAL    ROBERT   BIVANS 

PRIVATE    ELIJAH    A.    COOPER 

Rossville.   Illinois.      Born   April   3,   1896,  in 
Rossville,  Illinois.     Son   of  John  and  Flora 

SERGEANT  GLENWOOD  BORDERS 

Rossville,  Illinois     Born  September  27,  1893, 

Perry  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.    Born  March 

in   West   Lebanon,   Indiana.      Son   of  Jessie 

Schaffer  Bivans.   Volunteered  in  June,  1916, 

13,  1894,  in  Milford.  Illinois.   Son  of  Oliver 

Cooper    and    Mary    Elizabeth    Gun    Cooper. 
Husband  of   Elnor  Marion    Huling  Coojer, 
and  father  of  Elnor  May  Cooper  and  Paul 

with  the  3rd  Illinois  Infantry,  Company  B. 

Perry  and  Gyrene  Bradshaw  Borders.     Vol- 

unteered May  12,  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Med- 

ical  Corps. 

Cooper. 

FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
MITCHELL  SEARS  CASH 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Indianapolis, 
Indiana,  November  29,  1891.  Son  of  H.  D. 
Cash  and  Josephine  Stofer  Cash.  Husband 
of  Clarine  Williams  Cash,  and  father  of 
Elsie  LaVogn  Cash.  Volunteered  with  the 
U.  S.  National  Guards  in  May,  1909.  Re- 
enlistcd  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry,  July,  1918. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT 
RICHARD  LESLIE  BVRD,  U.  S. 
Vermilion  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois. 
May  16,  1892,  in  Benton  County,  Ir 
Son  of  Levi  and  Prudence  Surface 
Husband  of  Emily  Senor  Byrd. 
teered  April  8,  1918,  with  the  tJ.  S.  M 


Byr 
Volu 


PRIVATE 
THOMAS  ALBRIGHT  CUNNINGHAM 
Chicago  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois,  Born  Oc- 
tober 26,  1891,  in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son 
of  William  T.  and  Orie  L.  Albright  Cun- 
ningham. Entered  service  August.  1918,  with 
the  15th  Battalion,  Headquarters  Company, 
U.  S.  Army. 


882,  in  Rossville.  Illinois. 
of  Jonathan  Josephus  and  Ada  Green  E 
Husband  of  Mabel  Rosscamp  Davis.  V" 
tcered  July  8,  1916,  with  the  I8th  Re 
Company. 


\V1LLI.\M    MiKlM.KV    IIIJLKR 

PRIVATE  JOSEPH   A.   GRIMI.ER 

SEAM.J>.\.  r.  .-..  N 

RossvilK.  lllin.Ms.     Born  December  2,  1886 

e  Street,  Rossv.lle.  Illinois.     Born  Jan- 

K,    \1-     :    .:  :  :l.    Illinois.      Son   of   Emil   anc 

2.;,  im„.  in  Walseka,  Illinois.     Son  of 

!■          II            <     iinler.      Husband   of  Ameli 

am  A.  and   Mary   R.  Cox  Fidler.      En- 

;                                  Entered   service    April   3 

d  April   3,   1918,   with  the   U.   S.    Navy, 

1      S.  Ordnance  Department 

PRIVATE  JOSEPH  DWILLA 
Rossvillc,  Illinois.  Born  October  13,  1897, 
in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  Ora 
and  Dora  Seals  Dwilla.  Entered  service  in 
November,  1917,  with  the  24th  U.  S.  Engi- 
neers Corps,  Company   E. 


Sarah  Dines  Graham.  Husband  of  Nellie 
Ingram  Graham,  and  father  of  Myrtle, 
Harold  and  Florence  Graham.  Entered  serv- 
ice July  25,  1918,  with  the  603rd  U.  S.  Engi- 
neers,  Company   B. 


PRIVATE 

PAUL   B 

HAN 

N 

s?5^ 

lie,   Illi 
with  the 

'^^S^"f{? 
n.      Entered 
Base  Hospital 

Illi 
er\ 

U 

Ice 

S 

1897,  in 
and  Ella 

M^eSicai 

PRIVATE 
THOMAS    HARRISON    EVANS 
Rossville,  Illinois.      Born   May  28,   1889,  in 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Orval  and  Martha 
Phillips    Evans.      Entered   service    May   29, 
1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  HUBERT  GREEN 
CJreen  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  Feb- 
ruary  26,    1890,   in   Vermilion    County,   Illi- 


late  Hu^h  H.  Green. 
Green.  Entered  servic 
with  the  U.  S.  Develo] 
pany  D. 


sband  of  Sophie 
ptember  19,  1917, 
t  Battalion,  Com- 


PRIVATE 

GUV    0.    KERSEV 

Rossville,    Illinois. 
Watseka,  Illinois.   So 
LaBounty.     Entered 
with  the  121st  U.  S. 

Born    July    6 
n  of  Henry  at 

1894 
d  Geo 
28.    1 
•npany 

5f? 

H 

Ro^sville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Dr.  Frank  M. 
and  Kathcrine  Livingood  Mason.  Volun- 
teered in  .\pril.  I'll?,  with  Base  Hospital 
No.   12,  U.   S.   Medical  Corps. 


FIRST  CLASS  SERGE.XXT 
MICHAEL  LIVINGOOD  MASOX 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Rossville.  Illi- 
nois, April  23,  1895.  Son  of  Dr.  Frank  M. 
Mason  and  Katherine  E.  Livingood  Mason. 
Volunteered  in  April.  1917.  with  the  U.  S. 
Base   Hospital   No.    12.   Medical   Corps. 


SECOND  LIEUTENANT 
DANIEL   EVANS    MAURY 
Rossville.   Illinois.      Born   October    1, 
Son   of   Daniel  Maury  and  Fannie   He 
son    Maury.      Volunteered    June    22. 
with  the  U.  S.  Ordnance  Reserve  Cor 


THOMAS   E.    MAURY 

ELECTRICIAN,  U.  S.  N. 
Maple  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.     Born  J  u 
8,   1891,  in  Chicago,  Illinois.     Son   of  )o 
and  Alice   MinshuU   Maury.      Enlisted  Jv 
-S,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  C.  MAURY 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  September  7,  1896, 
in  Rossville.  Illinois.  Son  of  George  E.  and 
Mattie  Carter  Maury.  Entered  service  in 
August.  1918,  with  the  C.  M.  G.  O.  T.  C, 
Company  22. 


■ille,  Illii 


Born  No 


in  noopeston,  Illinois,  ion  of  Daniel  ani 
Mary  Elizabeth  Hampton  McClaren.  Hus 
band  of  Frieda  Heinemann  McClaren.  Eii 
tered  service  June  28,  1918.  with  the  Jn 
U.   S.   Provisional  Battalion  Engineers. 


PRIVATE  ASA  JONATHAN  .McGUIRE 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Rossville,  Illi- 
nois, July  28.  1896.  Son  of  Samuel  and 
Anna  B.  M.  Kisher  McGuirc.  Voluntecrc.l 
in  April,  1917,  with  Company  D,  123rd  U.  S. 
Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


PRIVATE  FRANCIS   Mii.UlKl:. 
ossville,     Illinois.      Entered    service     with 
ompany  D,  123rd  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Bat- 


PRIVATE  WALTER  V.   REYNOLDS 
Ro.ssville,  Illinois.     Born  August  3,  18''u,  in 
Rossville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Phillip  and  Rose 
Anna  Coon  Reynolds.  Entered  service  June 
28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  WALTER  O'LAUGHLIN 
Ku>>ville,  Illinois.      Born  July   10,   1897.  in 
Danville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Archie  O'Laugli 
lin  and  Mattie  White  OXaughlin.     Entered 
service  with  Company  F,  12th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


August  14,  189' 
of  Edith  Cook  ; 
Husband  of  Ve; 


;■.   .><.   Infantry.   Di. 


;r  and  Nellie  L    Held  Prather 
id    \ugust    l3     1917,   with    the 


Rossville,  Illinois.  : 
Ritter.  Enlisted  M 
U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE   CHARLES    M.    SEALS 
Rossville.  Illinois.   Horn   December  ll.lS'il. 
in    Rossville,    Illinois.      Son    of    Lemul   and 
■Mary  E.  Ford  Seals.     Knlered  U.  S.  service 


PRIVATE  .lAMES  C.  SEALS 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  September  29,  1889, 
in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Lemul  and 
Mary  E.  Ford  Seals.  Entered  service  in 
September.  1917.  with  the  312th  U.  S.  Mili- 
tary Police,  Company  A. 


PRIVATE  WADE  H.  SEALS 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  November  22,  1883, 
in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Lemul  and 
Mary  E.  Ford  Seals.  Husband  of  Laura 
Rudy  Seals,  and  father  of  Tuanita,  Lemuel 
and  Emma  Seals.  Entered  service  March 
6,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  EVERETT  G.  SELLERS 
R.  R.  No.  2,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  Jan- 
uary 9,  1896,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois. 
Son  of  William  and  Laura  Wiseman  Sellers. 
Entered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  122d 
U.  S.  Ambulance  Company,  106th  Sanitary 
Train,   1st  Di.xie  Division. 


PRIVATE  OFFIE  BRYAN  SLOAN 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  in  Dallas.  Texas, 
September  20,  1896.  Son  of  William  J.  Sloan 
and  Alice  Stevens  Sloan.  Volunteered  in 
May.  1917.  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 
Field   Artillery,    Rainbow    Division. 


PRIVATE  LLOYD  K.  SPEARS 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Boin  Februarv  16, 
1887,  in  Bradfordsville,  Kentucky.  Son  of 
March  C.  Coleman  Spears  and  the  late  Sid- 
ney Spears.  Entered  service  September  18, 
1917,  with  the  33rd  Division,  Prairie  Divi- 
sion, 132d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company  E. 
Killed  in  action  July  1,  1918. 


PRIVATE 
ROMNEY  DAVIS  STRICKLER 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  May  5,  1896,  near 
Milford,  Illinois.  Son  of  C.  B.  Strickler  and 
Katherine  Davis  Strickler.  Volunteered  in 
June,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Corps, 
Base  Hospital  No.   12. 


PRIVATE  ARISTA  LEE  TROUGH 
Rossville.  Illinc 
in   Rossville,  li 
Trough   aiid  th 


rn  November  1,  1891, 
Son  of  Lizzie  Ridge 
Alfred  Trough.     Vol- 


PRIVATE  CLARENCE  WILLIAMSON 
Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  August  14.  1892, 
in  Oklahoma.  Son  of  Charles  and  Katherine 
Cork  Williamson.  Entered  service  May  13, 
1918,  with  the  314th  U.  S.  Cavalry,  Supply 
Company. 


Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  February  13,  1896, 
in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Grant  and 
Anna  Fred  Williamson.  Entered  service 
December  12,  1917,  with  the  34th  Company, 
Balloon  Company,  Aviation  Section. 


CORPORAL 
J.  FORREST  WILLIAMSON 
Gilbert  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born  De- 
cember 7,  1894,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illi- 
nois. Son  of  Henry  and  Bertha  Allison 
Williamson.  Volunteered  December  18,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Motor  Truck  Company  413, 
Quartermasters  Corps. 

3^0 


Chicago  Street,  Rossville,  Illinois.  Born 
May  6,  1885,  in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Darius  and  Amanda  Schoonover  William- 
son. Husband  of  Helen  Brown  Williamson 
and  father  of  Dorothea  June  Williamson. 
Volunteered  in  February,  1918,  with  the 
U.  S.  Motor  Transport  Company. 


PRIVATE 
MONTGOMERY  .SMITH  WIXXING 
Chicago  Street,  Rossville.  Illinois.  Boi 
October  28,  1893,  in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Sc 
of  Lillian  Smith  Winning  and  the  la 
Joseph  Winning.  Entered  service  in  Apri 
1918,  with  the  C.  O.  T.  S.,  2d  Battalio) 
1st   Company,  U.   S.   Army. 


Volunteered  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S 
Field  Artillery,  42d  Division,  67th  Brigade 
Rainbow   Division. 


of  Peter  J.  anil  -Marsar 
Arnold.  Entered  service  September  19 
1917,  with  Company  C,  313th  U.  S.  Engi- 
neers Corps. 


I'KIVATE  .lOIIN    HOLMAN 

TiUoii,    Illinois.       Born    March    7.    IN'i.i.    in 
Paris,    France.       Son    of    Gust    and    Anna 
Paris    Benekas.      Entered   service   June    30, 
1918,   with   the   68th    U.    S.    Infantry,   Com- 

liltuii,   Illinois.      Born  August   13,   1897. 
Westville.   Illinois.      Son   of   C.    L.   Holii 
and   Maggie   McCormack    Holman.      Vol 
leered  April  12,  1917,  with  Battery  A.  R; 
bow  Division,  149th  V.  S.  Field  Artiller 

Maggie  McCormack  Holman.  Vol- 
in  June,  1917,  with  Company  D, 
S.  Machine  Cun   Battalion. 


in  Tilton,  Hi 
Vankirk  Fox 
with   the   U. 


Li^'Jol^ 


nUIL   M.    LIGflETT 

PRIVATE  CORD  O.  LIGGETT 

SEAMAN,    V.   S-.   N. 

Tilton,  Illinois.     Born  in   Collison.   Illinc 

Tilton,  Illinois.   Born  Oclober  7.  1899.  in  Col- 

March   21,    1893.      Son    of   John    and    D< 

lison,    Illinois.       Son    of    John    and    Dora 

Liggett.      Volunteered    December    11),    19 

Rout  LigEett.     Volunteered  June  25,   1918, 

as   clerk   in    U.    S.    Quartermasters   Dcpa 

with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 

mcnt. 

PRIVATE 

LESTER  CLINTON  MADDEN. 

Tilton.    Illinois.      Born    May    31,    189 

Danville,     Illinois.        Son     of     Frank 

Jeannette    Myers    Madden.      Entered 


Apri 


CORPORAL 
CHARLES  D.  MONTGOMERV 
Tilton,  Illinois.  Born  August  18,  189 
Tilton,  Illinois.  Son  of  George  W, 
Lena  Dean  Montgotncrv.  Entered  se 
Tunc    26.    1918,       ■  ■       '  -  -     --      - 

fan 


CORPORAL  ALBERT  MONTGOMERV 

Tilton,  Illinois.  Born  November  4,  1889, 
in  Tilton,  Illinois.  Son  of  George  W.  and 
Lena  Dean  Montgomery.  Entered  service 
May  22.  1918,  with  the  37lh  U.  S.  In 
fantry,  Company  F. 


\RT  C.   MESSENGER 

April  12,  1894,  in 
Buchanan,  West  Virginia.  Son  of  Ulies 
and  Emma  Jeffries  Messenger.  Volunteered 
December  6,  1916,  with  the  78th  U.  S. 
F'ield  Artillery,   Supply   Company. 


PRIVATE  BAILEY  \V.  RAMSEY 
Tilton.  Illinois.  Born  March  22,  189( 
Tilton.  Illinois.  Son  of  James  A. 
Margaret  J.  Ramsey.  Entered  service 
Company  E,  46th  U.   S.  Infantry. 


PRIVATE  FORREST  TAMES  RAMSEY 
Tilton.  Illinois.  Born  June  8,  1892,  in  Cat- 
lin,  Illinois.  Son  of  James  A.  and  Mar- 
garet J.  Ramsey.  Entered  service  April  30, 
1918,  with  Battery  A,  16th  U.  S.  Regiment. 


PRIVATE  JESSE  R.  SATEK 
Tilton,  Illinois.  Born  Tune  6,  1894,  in 
Paris,  Illinois.  Son  of^  David  and  Ida 
llickey  Sater.  Entered  service  June  28, 
1918,  with  the  123d  U.  S.  Infantry,  Com- 
pany I. 


5ERGEANT  JOSEPH  M.  SMITH 
Station  C,  Tilton,  Illinois.  Born  March 
I89o,  in  Oakwood,  Illinois.  Son 
Josephine  Earles  Smith  and  the  la 
Philip  Smith.  Husband  of  Myrtle  CompK 
Smith.  Entered  service  June  3.  1918,  wi 
the     21  St     U.     S.     Infantry,     Hcadquarte 

322 


LAWRENCE  R.  STALLINGER 
COOK,  U.  S.  NAVY 
Station  C,  Tilton,  Illinois.     Born  September 
17,     189.i.     in     Griffin,     Indiana.       Son     of 
Charles  E.   and  Alice  Stallinger.     Husband 
of  Mary  Williams  Stallinger,  and  father  of 


the  Casual    Detachment. 


PRIVATE  EDWIN  A.  SONGER 
tion  C,  Tilton.  Illinois.  Born  March  18. 
15,  in  Kairmount,  Illinois.  Son  of  Ida 
indt  Songer  and  the  late  Andrew  F. 
iger.  Entered  service  June  25,  1918, 
h    the    1st    Regiment,    Battery    D,    F.    A. 


PRIVATE  ELBERT  O.  VOLSER 
Tilton,  Illinois.  Born  July  20,  1888, 
Oakland  City,  Indiana.  Son  of  T.  K. 
Katie  Graham  Volser.  Entered  sen 
April  28,  1918.  with  the  358th  U.  S. 
fantry.  Company  F. 


Shoals,  Indiana.  Son  of  Gus  and  Sarah 
Donhey  W'ildman.  Husband  of  Margaret 
Hanis  Wildiran.  Entered  service  April  ,i. 
l'J18,   with  the  5th  Company,  U.   S.   Army. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  T.  WILSON 
ilton,  Illinois.  Born  October  6,  isyj,  i 
ilton,  Illinois.  Son  of  Able  and  Ev 
ickett  Wilson.  Husband  of  Lucile  Wi 
ams  Wilson.  Volunteered  May  20,  191  i 
ith  the  419th  U.  S.  Telegraph  Bal 
ilion,  Company  E. 


:ORl'ORAl.  JAMES  F.  DALE  BLll- 
rape  Creek,  Illinois.  Born  June  25,  ISO 
Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Son  of  Edwai 
and  Annie  Sutton  Blue.  Entered  ser' 
;  June  26,  1918,  with  Battery  E,  3rd  Ba 
lion,    1st    Regiment,    F.   A.    R.    D. 


Son  of  Mrs.  F.  M.  Ander 

July  24,  1917,  with  Battery   B.  3rd  II 

Field  Artillery.     Transferred  to  58th 


PRIVATE    WILLIAM    ANDERSON 


Son    of 

F.  M.  and  Caroline  Wortz  Anderson.  En- 
tered service  June  26,  1918,  with  the  Evac- 
uation   Hospital,  No.    14,   L'.   S.   Army. 


CORPORAL  CHARLES  W.  ANDERSON 
Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Born  May  23,  1895. 
Son  of  Mrs.  F.  M.  Anderson.  Volunteered 
in  1916  with  the  Artillery.  Now  with  Bat- 
tery  F,   8Jrd   U.   S.    Field   Artillerv. 


WILLIAM  EMERY  ATWOOD 
Box  27,  Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Born  Mar 
20.  !S90.  in  Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Son 
Gilbert  and  Matilda  Strawser  Alwood.  E 
tered  service  May  26,  1918,  with  the  149 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Company   I. 


nois.  Son  of 
Atwood.  En- 
i'ith  the  53rd 


Grape  Creek,  Illinois.  Born  in  George- 
town, Illinois,  August  4,  1886.  Son  of 
Sarah  E.  Manuel  Heater  and  the  late  John 
Heater.  Volunteered  July  10,  1917,  with 
Company  I,  4th  Regiment,  U.  S.  Army. 


CORPORAL 
GEORGE  ELBERT  HENSLEY 
R.  F.  D.,  No.  1,  Grape  Creek,  Illii 
Born  September  23,  1892,  in  Vermi 
County,  Illinois.  Son  of  Oliver  D. 
Lettie  RefTett  llensl  y.  Entered  ser 
June  25,  1918,  with  the  9th  V.  S.  Amm 
tion    Train,   Company   G. 


......   ...„    .,..    late   Mary 

. —  ..„....„.     Entered  service  August 

8,   with   the   160th   U.    S.    Depot   Bri- 
lOth  Battalion,  38th  Company. 


"l:  \i  I  II  AID.V  HOWARD 
'  :.,  111,;:,.;.  I;urn  April  16,  181 
1  i.rk,  llhTiui-.  Son  of  Willia 
ite  Mary  Dunavan  Howard.  E 
'ice  June  6,  1918,  with  the  11 
;munition  Train,  Company  F. 


PRIVATE    FRANK    MARSHALL 
Grape  Creek,  Illinois.     Born  December  18, 
18%.     Son  of  Mary  Marshall.     Volunteered 
June,    1917.  with    Battery   A,    149th    U.    S. 
Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  W.  D.  McARDLE 
Grape  Creek.  Illinois.  Born  in  Indianola, 
Illinois,  January  13,  1882.  Volunteered  in 
April,  1917.  with  the  I49th  U.  S.  Field 
Artillery,  Battery  A,  67th  Brigade,  42d 
Division. 


lif'-im 


.MITCHELL 


JUm 

^'' 

|J^3 

1 

^■^^v      J^j 

^ 

\^                    '   / 

PRIVATE  THOMAS  J.   PAGE 

PRIVATE    CHAR 

Grape  Creek,    Illinois.     Born   February  _'I. 

(irape      Creek.      Illinois. 

IS?",    in    South    Wales,    England.      Son    of 

Creek,   Illinois,  April  J,  1 
Rice     and     Elizabeth     R 

Ralph  and  Mary  Page.     Husband  of  Jessie 

Aitken    Page.      Volunteered    February    25, 

April  2(1,   1918,   with   the 

I<J18,    with    the    Jrd    C.     E.    R.    Battalion 
20(1-7513,    Canadian    Army. 

Artillery,  Supply  Compar 

PKIXATI-;    ll.\RKV    T.    REFFETT 

PRIVATE  JOIl 

Grape   Crc-ek.    innH„s.      liorn   April  9.   19nn. 

Grape     Creek,     Ulini 

in   Grape   Creek,   Illinois.      Son  of   Eli  and 
Elva    Nier    RefVelt.       Volunteered    May    1. 

Creek,  Illinois,  July 

Keffett  and  Elva  i\ie 

1918,  with  the  Supply  Company,   1st  V.  S. 
Field  Artillery. 

August  5,  1917,  with 

:iVaR'i' 


.  isyj.  Son  of  Eli 
efTett.  Volunteered 
th  the  ,145th  U.  S. 
Company. 


SERGEANT  DANIEL  A.  DEAVERS 
Fairinount,  Illinois.  Born  May  19,  1890,  in 
Allerton,  Illinois.  Son  of  Daniel  S.  and 
Lydia  Jane  Weaver  Deavers.  Husband  of 
Laura  E.  Mitchell  Deavers.  Entered  serv- 
ice June    15,    1918,   with   the   U.    S.   Army. 


G.  BOYLE,  SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
nt,    Illinois.      Born    December    18, 

Fairmount.  Illinois.  Son  of  Ed- 
<1    Catherine    Forein    Boyle.        En- 


€^ 

SERGEANT  DENNIS  E.  BOYLE 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  December  18, 
1892.  in  Fairmount.  Illinois,  Son  of  Ed- 
ward and  Catherine  Forein  Boyle.  En- 
tered service  June  2b^  1918^  with  the  2d 
Regiment.   Battery 


A,  F.  A.  R.  D. 


CORPORAL  THOMAS  B.  BOYLE. 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  April  24,  1895.  in 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Son  of  Edward  and 
Catherine  Forein  Bovle.  Entered  service 
Tune  26,  1918,  with  the  lid  ReRiment. 
U.    S.    Field   Artillery.    Battery    C. 


PRIVATE  THOMAS  E.  DELANEY 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  in  Fairmoui 
Illinois,  August  5,  188o.  Son  of  W. 
Delaney  and  Edna 
February  26,  1918, 
U.    S.    Engineers. 


Delaney.      Volunteere 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  M.  DELANEY 
Fairmount,  Illinois.     Born  in  Philo,  Illinois, 
September  21.  1892.    Son  of  W.  H.  Delaney 
and    Edna    Delaney.      Volunteered    October 
l.i.    1917,   with   Company   C,   7th   V.    S.    Cav 


PRIVATE  EDWARD  J.  DONEY 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  September  26, 
1893.  in  Chicago,  Illinois.  Son  of  Mary  A. 
Clancy  Doney  and  the  late  Lincoln  Doncy. 
Entered  service  April  26,  1918.  with  the 
.^Ist  U.  S.  Engineers  Railway,  Company  C. 


in  Kirkpatrick,  Indiana.  Son  of  Jacob  H. 
and  Anna  Tycrs  Fisher.  Entered  service 
May  28,  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Coast  Artil- 
lery. 11th  Company. 


PRIVATE  ROY  F.  GOODWIN 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  March  26,  1889, 
in  Hillsboro.  Kentucky.  Son  of  Ira  and 
Sarah  Saunders  Goodwin.  Entered  service 
June  4,  1918,  with  the  21st  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Company  F. 


.^^         1 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  GOOCH 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  May  9,  189.i,  in 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Son  of  Robert  and 
Dora  Hill  Gooch.  Entered  service  Septem- 
ber 18,  1917,  with  the  188th  U.  S.  Am- 
munition  Train,   Company   G. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  ELMO  JO> 


PRIVATE   RAY   D.  JONES 

Kans; 

ls."".f'uly    '^'.'''iSO.,.  '"'.S,.n"\j/".fohn's"c 

i;.  1  '• 

-•      1          ^       In, ,,„;,.      ,,-■,   I.-,,,,,,,,'"'''"' 

I'KIV 

ATE  FRED  CLINTO: 

r.  s.  M.  c. 

N  KIDD 

fi'i'iois,"' 

It.    Illinois.      Born    in 
Augusl    13.    18';5.      Sor 
anS  Louisa  R.  Mann 
April    4.    1917,    with 

'K?id.^^v; 

the    U. 

PRIVATE   GEORGE    LANE 

'airmount.  Illinois.  Born  March  6,  1889. 
n  Potomac.  Illinois.  Son  of  George  Har- 
iscn  and  Mary  Jane  Reed  Lane.  En- 
ered  service  September  18.  1917,  with  the 
;.    S.    Casual    Dctachn-ent   of   the   87th    Di- 


the    V.    S.    Guards.    21 


PRIVATE  HERBERT  F.  LuCCK 
Eairmount.  Illinois,  Born  January  9,  1895, 
in  Eairmount,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  and 
Anna  Evcrhart  Louck.  Entered  service 
April  3.  1918,  with  the  10th  Company, 
U.  S.  Army. 


E  LOWELL  V.  LOUCK 
llinois.  Born  October  8,  1893. 
;,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  and 
irt  Louck.  Hu.sband  of  Mary 
■k.  Entered  service  May  12, 
le    12th    I'.    S.   Infantry,   Com- 


lirmount,  Illinois. 
Springfield,  Ohio 
illie  Hayes  McBee 


Born  August 
Son   of  And 


nd 
May 


CORPORAL    BERRY    ELTON    MOORE 

PRIVATE   IRA   B.    PATE 

Catlin,    Illinois.      Born    December  4,    1892, 
in   Equality,  Illinois.      Son   of  Richard  and 
Adeline     McKinzie     Moore.      Husband     of 
Maudie  I.   Wolfe   Moore.      Entered   service 
April  3,  1918.  with  the  68th  Regiment,  Bat- 
tery E,  U.   S.  Army. 

Fairmount,   Illinois.       Born     December     19, 
1891,  in  Fairmount.  Illinois.     Son  of  James 
and  Mary  Jane  Temple  Pate.  Entered  serv- 
ice   in     Mav.     1918.     with    the    66th    U.     S. 
Engineers,   Company   E. 

PRIVATE    WALTER    LE  ROY    PRICE 

Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  October  31,  1895, 
in  Fairmoiint,  Illinois.  Son  of  Otis  M.  and 
Elzora    Stallings    Price.      Volunteered    De- 


PRIVATE  DAVID  A.  REEVES 
Fairmount,  Illinois.  Born  August  27,  1893, 
in  Fleming  County,  Kentucky.  Son  of 
James  M.  and  Mary  Saunders  Reeves.  En- 
tered service  April  27,  1918,  with  the  315th 
U.    S.    Engineers,   Company    E. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  WILLIAM  REEVES 

in  Fleming  County.  Kentucky.  Son  of 
James  M.  and  Mary  Saunders  Reeves.  En- 
tered service  September  5,  1917,  with  the 
U.   S.   Army. 


VATE  WALTER  R.   RICHARDS 

i.uiit,  Illinois.  Born  October  22, 
111  Homer,  Hlinoi.s.  Son  of  Kate 
•  Is,  Entered  service  August  2,  I9I7, 
he  123rd  V.  S.  Machine  Gun  Bat- 
Company  D. 


PRIVATE   CilAKl.hS   W.   Mil  PI'S 
Fairmount,     lllmois.      Born     October     22, 
1888,  in  Sidney  Township,  Illinois.     Son  of 
Chailes   and    Etta  Anders   Shipps.      Volun- 


rUIVATE 
EDGAR    FREEMONT    CASSEI. 
Oakwood,    Illinois.       Born    September    14, 
1sy3.  in  Oakwood,   Illinois,      Son  of   Krank 
and   Martha  Jones   Cassel.      Entered   service 
Julv  id.  1518,  with  the  II.  S.   .Motor  Truck 


^-^ 


I'RIVATE  WILLIAM  Jt)HN  CRAIG 
R.  R.  No.  1,  Oakwood,  Illinois.  Born 
March  12.  185.5,  in  Oakwood,  Illinois.  Son 
of  John  G.  and  Ilettie  Davis  Crais.  En- 
tered service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  V.  S. 


In  fan 


PRIVATE  JOIiX  DORAX 
Oakwood,  Illinois.  Horn  in  Oakwood.  I 
iiois,  AuKust  12,  1854.  Son  of  John  Gr: 
Doran  and  Marie  E.  Mason  Doran.  Ente 
service  April  3.  1518.  with  Hatterv  D,  (,; 
ReKiment.    f.    S.    Coast    Artillelv.' 


IVATE 

ERNEST  HENRY  ELDRIDG 
Oakwood,  Illinois.  Born  June  8. 
Son    of    William    Eldridge.      Entered 


-i^ 


I 


SERUEA.NT  KI.I.M;  GRAY 
Oakwood,  Illinois.  Born  in  McLean  County, 
Illinois,  August,  1855.  Son  of  George  P. 
Gray  and  Mary  Catherine  Gray.  Enlisted 
m  1915.  Now  with  Hatterv  K,  149th  U.  S. 
Field   Artillerv.    Riinbow    Division. 


PRIVATE 
HOMER  HARVEY   HARRISON 

U.  S.  M.  C. 
wood.  Illinois.  Born  May  22.  1887,  in 
ana.  Son  of  James  H.  and  Mary  A. 
rison.  Husband  of  Veronica  Harrison. 
:red  service  June  2S,  1918,  with  the 
S.    Marine    Corps,    Company    T.    256th 


OLSON 
Born    May   7.    1891 


Potomac,    I 

Rankin,   Illinois.     Son  of  Chris  and  Car 
Madsen  Olson.     Entered  service  September 
■-     -     Infantry, 


ith    the    I. 19th    V 


)    II.    TAYLOR 

1  October  12,  1889, 

Son    of   Jame: 

■lor.        Voluni 

he  U.   S.   Avi 


Oakwood,  mil 


Son  of  Jo 
r.      Husband  of  Lola 
d   service   in    Septem- 


PRIVATE 
SANFORD  TILGHAM  MONROE 
lakvvood,  Illinois.  Born  October  28,  18' 
1  Tamaica,  Illinois.  Son  of  Thomas  a 
,aura  Monroe.  Volunteered  May  28,  191 
ith    tile    lllth    r.   S.    Infantry,   Company 


PRIVATE  CLAUDE  V.  NEFF 
Oakwood,  Illinois.  Born  January  3.  1892 
in  Oakwood,  Illinois.  Son  of  Ab.solon 
Wilson  NefT  and  Alice  Lesher  Neff  Hill 
man.  Volunteered  December  12,  1917 
Chauffeur  with  Headquarters  Company 
3rd    Mcttor    Mechanics    Regiment. 


CORPORAL  VERNICE  L.  REDMAN 
Oakwood,  Illinois.  Born  in  Oakwood,  Illi- 
nois, January  9,  1896.  Son  of  John  N.  Red- 
man and  May  Reed  Redman.  Entered  serv- 
ice December  12,  1917,  with  Company  Kl. 
2d  Motor  Mechanic  Regiment.  U.  S.  Army. 


PRI 

VAIE 

,    WILLIAM     SA. 

I'P 

Oak^ 

ivood, 
Apri 
Alice 
1.    \oli 

Illino 

is.      Born  in  Collii 

1896.      Son  of   Fra 

Husband   of   Ine 

;d   with   Company 

son,   Illi- 

"Vdfe? 
A,  346th 

Oakwood,  Illinois  Son  of  Abe  and  Rilli. 
Richter.  Entered  service  September  1 
1918,  with  the  V.  S.   Infantry. 


.  PRIVATE  WESLEV  T.  RICHTER. 

I'KI 

\  A  II,    \.\ 

HI.  SWISHER 

PRIVATE   ROY  A.    RICHTER 

Oakwood,    Illinois.      Born    August    1,    189b, 

Oakwun,!. 

1    MllMll- 

r...rn     December 

Oakwood.  Illinois.     Born  October  17,   1890, 
1,1     Oakwood,    Illinois.      Son    of    Abe    and 

in    Oakwood,    Illinois.       Son    of    Abe    and 

1899.  in     1 

Illinois.     Son  of 

Rillie    Richter.       Entered    service     Septem- 

and M.n  s 

\  olunteered  in 

Killic    Richter.      Entered    service    June    27, 

ber    1,    1918,    with    the    U.    S.    Infantry. 

1918.  with 

liu-'ciil     Kei 

luiling  Co..  33d 

I'Jl.s,   with    the    122d    U.    S.    Infantry,   Com- 

Infantrv. 

Danvilk.  lllinui>.  Sen  i.f  (•harlt>  h.  and 
Kmma  Kinney  Swisher.  Entered  service 
April  .?.  1118.  with  Battery  F.  68th  U.  S. 
Fiel.l  Artillery. 


ATE  HOMER  FOREST  TRIMBLE 
Oakwood.  Illinois.  Born  September  12. 
1892,  in  Oakwood.  Illinois.  Son  of  John 
and  Emma  Ada  Trimble.  Entered  serv- 
ice  May   19.    1918.  with   Company   B.  3d   U. 


.   \  IE  ELMER  J.  BISHOP 
J.    Rankin,    Illinois.      Bon 
[._:  .   I  ibruary  2.  1899.     Son  of  S 

Bi-hni.  and  Mattie  Bishop.  Entered  ; 
ice  in  August,  1917,  with  Compan> 
139th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


HARRY   T.    TAYLOR 

YEOMAN,   U.   S.   N. 
Oakwood.    Illinois.      Born    March    22.    1893, 
in    Oakwood.    Illinois.      Son    of   Z.    S.    and 
Frances     Taylor.      Husband     of     Ernestine 
Taylor.      Enlisted   in   April.    1918,   with    the 


PRIVATE  HARRY  E.  WILLIAMS 
Oakwood.  Illinois.  Born  in  Oakwood.  Illi- 
nois. November,  29,  1894.  Son  of  Leroy 
Williams  and  Hattie  E.  Hockenbcrry  Wil- 
liams. Volunteered  December  12.  1917, 
with     Company     M,    2d     Regiment,     U.     S. 


in  Oakwood,  Illinois.  Son  of 
Ella  Trimble.  Entered  servii 
1918,  with  Battery  D.  68th 
tillery. 


Kadi. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  H.  BISHOFF 
Rankin,  Illinois.  Born  October  28,  1895,  in 
Ambia,  Indiana.  Son  of  A.  W.  and  Rosie 
Pfund  Bi,shoff.  Volunteered  December  9, 
1917.  with  Battery  A,  4th  Division,  16th 
U.   S.   Field  Artillery. 


Freda      Mortcn.s. 

leered   January    14,    1918, 

Quartermasters   Corps. 


Daiichter  ..f  T.  M.  and  Mary  Grif- 
feth  Erickson.  Volunteered  April  12,  1918, 
wuh  the   L.   S.    Base   Hospital 


PRIVATI-:   OSCAR    L.    ERICKSOiN 
Rankin.   Illinois.      Born    March    5.    1893,   in 
East    Lynn,    Illinois.      Son    of    Ludwig   and 
Matilda    Gustafson    Erickson.      Volunteered 
December    10,    1918,    with    the    U.    S.    Air 


^   V 


Horn  in  Rankin,  llliuuis 
Non  of  William  Hedworth. 
.Kugust,  1917,  with  Com- 
Regiment,     U.     S.     Army. 


SERGEANT  MILTON  C.  HINMAN 
mkin,     Illinois.       Son     of    Ida    M.     Hin- 
in.      Volunteered    with    Company    B.    4th 

S.    Infantry,     9th     Machine     Gun      Bat- 


•;D\VARD  C.  HINMAN 
.  Son  of  Ida  M.  Hinm, 
:    April    3,     1918.    with    t 


PRIVATE    GLENN    L.    HINMAN 
Rankin,   Illinois.      Son  of   Ida   M.    Hinma 
Volunteered    August    2.^,    1917,    with    I'oi 
pany  B,  129th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


Rankin,  Illinois.  Born 
in  Rankin,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  Seward 
and  Emma  Lairb  Hewins.  Husband  of 
Mary  Fishback  and  father  of  Francis 
Hewins.  Volunteered  November  10,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  .Vviation  Corps. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  H.  KUNTZ 
Kankin,   Illinois.      Born  in   1892,  in  Sibley. 
Illinois.      Son    of   Albert    Kuntz.      Entered 
service     in    June.     1918.     with     Battery     B, 
34.';th  I'.   S.    Field  Artillery. 


3rd    l'.   S.    Infant. 


\ 


SERGKANT  EARL  G.  LEEMON 
Rankin.  Illinois.  Born  Apnl  Jl,  lSy6.  in 
Coultervillc.  Illinoii*.  Son  of  Thomas  M. 
and  Kva  B.  Wisely  I.eemon.  Entered  serv. 
ice  April  26.  1918.  witli  the  .?52d  V.  S. 
Infantry.   Headquarters  Company. 


i'RUATE  MOSS  CLYDE  MAJORS 
Rankin,    Illinois.      Born    July    4.    1892.    in 
Kentucky.     Entered  service  April  27,  1918, 
with  Company    D.  357th   U.   S.   Infi.«.itry. 


M 

I 


,  fE   LESLIE  C.   Ml 


I'RIVATE 
RCJMERT  GEORGE  RUSSELL 
Rnnkin,  Illinois,  Born  July  14.  1895.  in 
Rankm,  Illinois.  Son  of  Cyrus  E.  and 
.\L(rv  Ann  Maines  Russell.  Entered  serv- 
ice -Slav  211.  1918.  with  Company  I!.  3ilth 
r     S.    riifaiitrv. 


1  W^^^ 


Scplcniljcr  .i,  IX';.;.  Son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
James  W.  Shepard.  Volunteered  August 
18,  1917,  wilh  Company  B,  129lh  l'.  S.  In- 
fantry.     Transferred    to    the    1st    Battalion, 

fantry. 


I'RIVATE  LELAND  DEWEY  .'^llll 
Rankin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Cutkr.  I, 
April  2t),  1898.  Son  of  Mr.  anil 
James  W.  Shepard.  Volunteered  j 
20,    1917.    with    Company    B,    129th 


27.  1897.  in  I 
II.  and  Effie 
iteered    Angus 


ROSCOE  STERLING  SLOAN 
Rankin,  Illinois.     Born  November  27,   1895. 
Entered    service    December    10,    1917,    with 
the   I'.    S.    Navy   Radio   Service. 


SERGEANT  GUY  FREEMONT  TANNER 
Rankin,  Illinois.  Born  July  19.  1891,  in 
Covington.  Indiana.  Son  of  Charles  and 
Eliza  Sayer  Tanner.  Volunteered  May  30, 
1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRI\AII.    Kii  HARD  E.  WIEMKEN 
Rankin,  lUnin.^.     Horn  September  28,  1897, 
in  Woodford  County,  Illinois.     Son  of  John 
H.  and  Minnie  Kalkwarf  Wiemken.     Volun- 


Poton-ac.  Illinoi!..      Uor 

T  April  2".   ISW.  in 

Potomac.    Illinois.       So 

n     of    Herman    and 

Emma   Martin   Biederm 

ann.      Enlisted  May 

4,  1917.  with  the  C.  S. 

Marine  Corps. 

ELMO  R.  CAMP 


PRIVATE  JOHN  G.  COON 
Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  June  1.S,  1894,  in 
Potomac,  Illinois.  Son  of  John  D  and 
Elizabeth  Swisher  Coon.  Husband  of 
Frances  Fox  Coon.  Entered  service  June 
27,  1918,  with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Company  K,  31st  Division. 


n    August   25, 
California.     Son  of  George 
J.   Davis.     Volunteered   Xo- 
17.  with  the  U.  S.  Army  Mili- 


lUtiLER 

HEN 

UOUG 

.AS 

lac.  Illinois. 

Born 

Februar 

V  28.  1896. 

Miton,    Illinois.      Husband 

of    Mabel 

nton     Dougia 

s    and 

father 

of    Maxine 

las.     V'olunteered 

n  1900. 

Reenlisted 

St    14.    1918. 

with 

the    1st 

U.    S.    Re. 

e  Company 

LIEUTENANT  ELMER  O.  FURROW 
R.  R,  No.  3,  Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Potomac.  Illinois.  March  29.  1884.  Son 
of  William  Furrow  and  Jessie  Helena 
Furrow.  Enlisted  August  29,  1917,  with 
the  U.  S.  Army.  With  the  124th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery.   Battery   B. 


B^ik_i^ 


LLOYD    F.    COLLI  DAY 
3,s.      Born   August    18,   1894 


Mary  Golliday. 
1918,  with  the 
Company. 


UCKMAN 

May  10,  1894. 
d  Elsie  Sperry 
in  May,  1917, 
S.    Field    Artil. 


PRIVATE  RUELL  G.  JUVIXALL 
I'olomac,  Illinois.  Born  March  27,  189 
in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Son  of  D.  M.  ar 
Helen  Tuvinall.  Volunteered  in  June,  191 
Reenlisted  September  4,  1917,  with  tl 
•liSth  r.  S.  Infantry,  Headquarters'  Con 
pany. 


PRIVATE    HARRY    R.    JOLLEV 

Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  May  19,  1894,  in 
Bismark,  Illinois.  Son  of  Benton  and  Etta 
Kilbury  Jclley.  Volunteered  in  Decem. 
ber,  1913,  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry.  Novv 
4th  Balloon  Squadron,  Company  B,  Mill 
tarv    Police. 


% 


^      J 


PRIVATE   J.    P.    KNOTT 

k    •»      ■* 

PRIVATE   LOUIS   M.    KNOTT 

Potomac,   Illinois.      Born   in    1890.     Son  of 

SERGEANT   CARL   KXOTT 

Potomac,   Illinois.      Bom   in   1888.     Son  of 

R      H.     Knutt    and    Emma    Moses    Knott. 

Potomac.   Illinois.      Born   in   1892.      Son  of 

R.  H.  and   Florence  Magruder  Knott.    Vol- 

Volunteered in  September.  1917,  with  Com- 
pany   C,    .M3th     U.     S.     Engineers    Corps 
Transferred  to  the  319th  U.  S.  Heavy  Field 

R     H     and    Emma    Moses    Knott.      Volun- 

unteered   in    1917    with    Battery    A,    149th 

teered  with    Regular  Army   in   1911.      Now 

U.    S.    Field    Artillery,    Rainbow    Division, 

with    Company    1.,    ln\    Indiana    Infantry. 

67th  Brigade,  42d  Division. 

Artillery. 

Transferred   to  the   l'.    S.    Ordnance. 

PRIVATE   EVERETT   LANDIS 
Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  December  15,  1895, 
in  Cisney   Park,  Illinois.     Son  of  Abraham 
ami  H.  V.  Landis.    Entered  service  .Tune  28, 
1918,   with   the   122d  I'.    S.    Infantry,   Com- 


LIEUTEXANT 
WARREN  KENNETH  LAYTON 
Potomac,  Hlinois.  Born  October  27.  1889, 
in  Potomac.  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  W.  and 
Luella  Copeland  Layton.  Volunteered  iii 
September.  1917,  with  the  L.  S.  Medical 
Psychological  Corps. 


PRIVATE  SAMUEL  L.   LAYTOX 


HisKinsville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Jacob 
d  Nancy  E.  Lavton.  Volunteered  in  Sep- 
nber.  1918,  with  the  161st  U.  S.  Depot 
ipade.    36th    Company.       Now    with    the 

o.  f.  c. 


PRIVATE  JOHN  E.  LAVTON 
Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  April  10,  1894,  i: 
Bisniark,  Illinois.  Son  of  Jacob  E.  am 
Nancv  E.  Layton,  Volunteered  in  Apri! 
1918,  with  the  345th  V.  S.  Machine  Gu: 
Battalion  as  Dispatcher. 


CORPORAL  ROY  CLIFFORD  LOWE 
Potomac.  Illinois.  Born  June  17.  1893,  in 
LeRoy,  Illinois.  .Son  of  Peter  and  Hattie 
Campbell  Lowe.  Entered  service  in  April, 
1918,  with  the  352d  U.  S.  Infantry,  S8th 
Division,   Company  B. 


PRI\  \TL  CLARK  A  MORRIS 
Potomac  Illinois  Born  Jul>  2i.  1896 
Bolivar  Missouri  Son  of  Harry  and  I 
Shaw  Morris  Entered  serwce  Januar 
1918,  with  the  L  S  \vMtion  Departn- 
Radio  Operator 


PRIVATE  JOHN  CARL  SIMONTON 

PRIVATE  JOHN  LEO  WOOD, 

Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  November  28,   1891, 
in   Potomac,   Illinois.      Son   of   Charles   and 
Lillian  Simonton.     Entered  service  Septem- 
ber 18,  1917,  with  the  131st  V.  S.  Infantry, 
Company  C,  33d  Division. 

Potomac,   Illinois.     Born  January  28,   18' 
in  Champaign,  Illinois.     Son  of  Henry  a 
Vannie  Wood.     Volunteered  June  28,  19 
with  the  124th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Company 

ney,    lllii 
and     Magg 
leered    Maj 


KARL  E.  BEAMAN 


Beaman 
Lucas  Beaman.  Volun- 
1917,  with  Battery  H,  2d 
,  S.  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 


PRIVATE 

WILLIAM  ALEXANDER  CHURCH 

Sidell,    Illinois.      Born    September    1,    18< 

in   Sidell,  Illinois.      Son  of  Charles   S.   a 

Ella  Wright  Church.     Entered  service  Jur 


ith    the    U. 


■  Mili' 


CORPORAL  GEORGE  HARRISON  CULP 
Sidell,  Illinois.  Born  in  Sidell,  Illinois, 
March  12,  1891.  Son  of  C.  L.  Culp  and 
Sarah  C.  Craddock  Culp.  Entered  serv- 
ice April  3.  1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Heavy 
Artillery,  68th  Regiment. 


\ 


MARVEL  CORNELIUS  CULP 
ELECTRICIAN,  U.  S.  N. 
Sidcll,    Illinois.      Born    in    Sidcll,    Illinois, 
May    14,    1895.      Son    of    C.    L.    Culp    and 
Sarah  C.  Craddock  Cull).     Volunteered  June 
i.    iyi8.    with    the    U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  GILBERT  JONES 
Sidell,    Illinois.       Born    April    6,     1892, 
Hildreth,  Illinois.     Son  of  Grant  and  Ro 
Necse    Jones.      Volunteered    December    1 
1917,    with    the    10th    U.    S.    Coast    .\rtille 


HOWARD  LEWIS  JONES 
RANGE  FINDING  RADIO  OPERATOR 
Sidcll.  Illinois.  Born  in  Sidell,  Illinois,  De- 
ceinbcr  1,  1897.  Son  of  George  B.  Jones 
and  Vinetta  Mapes  Jones.  Volunteered 
November  28,  1917,  with  the  2nd  Aero 
S<|uadron,    Section    C. 


PRIVATE  ORA  JONES 

Hindis.       Horn    July    IS,     1898, 


PRIVATE  JOHN  MASON  KENDALL 
Sidell,  Illinois.  Born  September  1(1,  189.S 
Son  of  Eva  Kendall.  Entered  service  with 
Supply  Companv.  .1-t.ith  V.  S.  Intantry. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  FOREST  LAYTON 
Sidcll.  Illinois.  Born  June  1,  1893,  in  Cat- 
Hn,    Illinois.      Son    of   William    Layton   and 


jntecred  May   12. 
9th     i;.    S.     Field 


PRIVATE  LOUIS  HERBERT  CO.X 
Rossville,     Illinois.       Born     November     2, 
1893,  in   Lawrcnceburg,  Tennessee.     Son  ol 
John  and  Clara  Crane_  Co.x.      Ktitered  scrv- 

Infantry,  Company  A. 


SERGEANT   ROV    E.   SKINNER 
Sidell.    Illinois.      Son    of    W.    S.    Skinner. 
\'olunteercd   September  ,^,   1917,  with  Com- 
pany   K,    3d     Batiali.m.     349th     U.    S.    In- 


SECOND  LlIiUTENA.NT 
WASHIXGTOX  WITHROW  STOCKTON 
Sidell,  Illinois.  Born  February  6.  1896,  in 
Sidell.  Illinois.  Son  of  Dane  and  Anna 
White  Stockton.  Volunteered  in  May, 
l'JI7.   with   Battery    E.    V.   S.   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  FRED 
Sidfll. 
July    1. 


UMMERS 
Born    in    Sidell,    Illinoi 
Entered   service    with    Con 


SERGEANT  EARL  WILLIS  WOOD, 
Sidell,  Illinois.  Born  October  7,  1894,  in 
Sidell.  Illinois.  Son  of  George  B.  Mc- 
Clellan  and  Frona  Hess  Wood.  Volun- 
teered April  9,  1918,  with  Battery  B,  12th 
Battalion,  F.  A.   R.   D. 


PRIVATE  TIIO.MAS    E.    HAILEV 
Fithian,    Illinois.      Born    in    Glasgow.    Ken- 
tucky,  March   21,    189,1.      Son    of    Henry    E. 
Bailey    and    Octavia    Burjjess    Bailey.       En- 
tercdservice  April  3,   191S.  with  the  U.  S. 


SERGEANT  GEORGE  W.  BENJAMIN 
Fithian,  Illinois.  Born  in  Sidney,  Illinois, 
January  25,  1896.  Son  of  John  Benjamin 
and  Vertie  Collier  Benjamin,  Volunteered 
December    1,    1915,   with   the   l'.    S.    Quar- 


PRIVATE    FRED    LEO    BOWEN 
Fithian,    Illinois.      Born    Mav    23,    1895,   in 
Fithian,   Illinois.      Son   of  William   H.   and 
Josephine   Carrigan   Bowen.     Entered  serv- 


SERGEANT  JOHN  BROWN 
Fithian,  Illinois.  Born  March  26,  1897 
iii  Mt.  Vernon,  Illinois.  Son  of  Edmuiici 
K.  and  Sarah  C.  Hogne  Brown.  Volun 
tecred  May  18,  1918,  with  the  210th  Regi 
nient.   Company    B,    (!.    S.    Engineers. 


PRIVATE   lOIlN  TllUR.MAN   DALBEV 

l'RIV.\TE    EARL    C.    DALBEV 

Fithian,    Illinois,    R.    R.    No.    1.      Born    in 

lan,   Illinois.      Born   March  3,   1893,   in 

Fithian,    Illinois,    April    10,    1891.      Son   of 

ian,    Illinois.      Son    of    Frank    P.    and 

Frank    Dalbey    and    Mollie    Seals    Dalbey. 

lie  Seals  Dalbey.     Entered  service  Aug- 

Entered    service    April    3,    1918,    with    the 

3,    1918,   with   the    I.    N.    F..    Company 

U.  S.  Army. 

c 

Ut)K 

GEORGli 

•ITI 

IA.\ 

Kithlan, 

lllino 

is      Bo 

rn  in 

Fith 

an,   llln.o.s. 

January 

18. 

1899. 

Son 

of 

Elisha    Fill 

and   Chr 

a   Fithi 

>n.      Volur 

teered   May 

1.    1917. 

\'fth 

the    I 

I.    S. 

Coa 

St    Artillery 

Corps. 

veil  Count. 
nd  Cora   Knowlton   Geeding 
.   service  September  5, 


I'RIVATI-;    MARTIN    I.VON.S 
Fithian,   Illinois.      Born   in   Wa>nie  County 
Illinois,    October    17.    1890.      Son    of   Anni 
Lyons.      Volunteered    November    22,    1917 
with   the  V.  S.   Army. 


Born  in   Fithian,  Illinois, 

94.      Son    of    R.    W.    Mc- 

Mary  Hubbard  McBn 

L-e   April    3.    1918,    with   the   (,8th 


CORPORAL  I)A\11)  l-RKMONT  MEAUK 
Fithian,  Illinois.  Born  in  Fithian,  Illinois, 
August  26,  1892.  Son  of  Isaac  R.  Meade 
and  Miranda  Eader  Meade.  Entered  serv- 
ice April  3.  1918.  with  the  Supply  Com- 
pany,   (>8th    Regiment,    U-    S.    Heavy    Coast 


PRIVATE  ELMER  HROWN  .Mi: 
Fithian,  Illinois.  Born  in  Elkhart.  : 
February  II,  1894.  Son  of  J.  H. 
and  Ella  Brown  Morse.  Entered 
September  19.  1917,  with  Company 
Battalion,  20th  U.  S.  Engineers. 


PRIVATE  IVAN  S.  NIEMAN 
Fithian,  Illinois.  Born  May  9,  1899,  in 
l-'ithian,  Illinois.  Son  of  George  II.  and 
Carrie  M.  Smith  Nieman.  Volunteered  July 
29,  1918,  with  the  16th  Company,  1st  Rd. 
Regiment,  U.  S.  Army. 


Born    June    9,    18 
Son    of   Gust    and 


Alice 
Volunteered  May  2S, 
Mounted    Engineers, 


B.  WILLIAMS 
I,   Richmond.  Ke 
ion  of  Jos-ph  \V 
Entered  servi( 
September     18.     1«17.     with     Headquarte 
Company.  345th  V.  b.  Infantry. 


1>IU\  ATE  Wll 


elle  \Vi 


■ith    the    U.    S.    Head 


ply  Company.  9th   Battali 


3u.  "f.^a'^'^r. 


PRIVATE  JASPER  WILLIAMS. 
Fithian.  Illinois.  Born  August  25.  1895.  in 
Brazos.  Texas.  Son  of.  Joseph  and  Belle 
Williams.  Entered  service  April  26.  1918. 
with  the  -'!42d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Bat- 
talion, Company  B. 


^ 


PRIVATE  CARL  REY.NOLDS 
Fithian.  Illinois.     Born  in  Fithian.  Ill: 
June     16.      1894.        Son    of    Willis      P. 
Diantha   Morris   Reynolds        Entered 
ice  April   3.   1918.   with   Detachment   .- 


PRIVATE  R\1PH  R  BARNETT 
U.  S.  M.  C. 
Indianola.  Illinois.  Born  April  4.  1893, 
Indianola.  Illinois.  Son  of  the  late  Jam 
and  Goiicindra  Martin  Barnctt.  Volu 
teercd  June  11.  1917,  with  the  6th  Rej 
ment.   U.   S.    Marines. 


SILAS  HENDERSON  DICKSON 
Indianola.    Illinois.      Born    July    29,    1895, 
in    Indianola.    111.      Son    of    Albertus    and 
Myrtle     Goodwin      Dickson.       Husband     of 


PRIVATE  CECIL  \V.  LARRANCE 
Indianola,  Illinois.  Born  July  1..  1?01,  in 
Indianola,  Illinois.  Son  of  VVilliam  F. 
Larrance  and  Jennie  W.  Rockhill  Lar- 
ranee.  Volunteered  April  9.  1917,  with 
Company  A,  5th  Division,  U.  S.  Ammu- 
nition Train. 


PRIVATE  CHARLES  E.  LARRANCE. 
ndianola.   Illinois.      Born   May  9,    1892    in 
ndianola.    111.      Son    of    J.    H.    and    Mary 
enkins  Larrance.     Entered  service  May  13, 
918,  with  Company  I,  64lh  U.  S.  Infantry. 


SEKGEAa  i    i. 
Indianola,    llliuo,-. 
rancc.      Entered   .crv.te    . 

with     Cornpany    A,     RecU 

r.    S.    Ouartcnnasters    Depol. 


in  Oakland,  Illinois.  Son  of  Colur 
ind  Maggie  Ewing  Myers.  Volui 
June  20.  1918,  wiih  the  U.  S.  Qua 
sters    Department.      Died    October 


PRIVATE  KIRK  L.  PAGE 
Indianola,  Illinois.      Born  August   11 
in    Indianola.    Illinois.      Son    of   Jai 
and    Blanche    Sanders    Page.      Volunteered 
June   17,   1.  -     - 


rs    Page, 
the  U.  S 


PRIVATE  JAMES  WILLIAM  SWITZER 

PRIVATE  HOWARD   H.  TAYLOR 

PRIVATE    JOE    Q.    TAYLOR 

Indianola,    III.      Born    August    2,    1892,    in 
Martinsville,   Illinois.      Son   of   D.    H.   and 
Lettie    Robinson    Switzer.     Entered  service 
May  26,    1918,   with   the   1.18lh   U.   S.    Field 
Artillery,  Battery   B. 

Indianola,   Illinois.      Born   October  8,   1889. 
in   Homer,   Illinois.      Son   of  Wells  A.   and 
the  late  Alice  Quinn  Taylor.      Husband  of 
Mabel     Taylor.       Entered    .service    Septem- 
ber 5.   1917,   with   Company  M,  362d  U.   S. 

Indianola,  Illinois.     Born  August   12,   1893 
in    Homer,   III.      Son   of  Wells  A.   and   the 
late  Alice   Quinn   Taylor.      Entered  service 
August    15,    1918    with    Headquarters   Com 
pany    Xo.    1.    A.    C.    S.    C. 

PRIVATE    EVERETT    TIGGLE 
Indianola,    Illinois.      Born    April    27,    1896, 
Son   of   George    H. 


•ericy.       Husband     of 
ind    father    of    Roscoe 
V.       Entered    service    Ma- 
Company    D,    138th    V.    S. 


CORPORAL  CHARLES  R.  WOODEN 
Indianola,  Illinois.  Born  in  Indianola,  Illi- 
nois, March  17,  1896.  Son  of  Sarah  E. 
Wooden.  Volunteered  May  1,  1917,  with 
the  123d  U.  S.  Machine  Gun  Battalion, 
33d    Division. 


Hcnn.n«.  Illin.n>.  Horn  January  :-,  I-- 
in  Rossville,  Illinois.  Son  of  Francis  and 
Edith  Combes.  Entered  service  May  2y, 
1918.  with  the  10th  U.  S.  Infantry. 


Company  4,   B 


ndiana.      Son   of  Joseph   and 
Corbett.      Volunteered  June 
1    the    U.    S.    Signal    Corps, 
S.  A.   T.  C. 


lAMES    FRANKLIN    CORBETT 
ing,    Illinois.      Born    June    28.     1898. 
ittle  Creek,  Michigan.     Son  of  Joseph 
Martha    Lewis   Corbett.      Enlisted   Oc- 
1.    I9I8.    with    the    B.    S.    A.    T.    C. 


Champaign.  Illinois.  Son  of  Frank  H.  and 
Ida  Cornelius  Cornell.  Husband  of  Nora 
Robinett  Cornell  and  father  of  Leona 
Madelyn  Cornell.  Entered  service  June 
28,  1918,  with  Company  B,  123d  U.  S.  In- 
fantry. 


Henning,  Illinois.  Born  December  23, 
1896.  in  Bismark,  Illinois.  Son  of  Henry 
Seyirour  Deck  and  Laura  Cox  Deck.  Volun- 
teered July  6,   1918.   with   the  U.   S.   Navy. 


SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
R.  R.  No.  1,  Henning,  Illinois.  Born 
March  21,  1899,  in  West  Salem,  Illinois. 
Son  of  E.  C.  and  Bell  Goldman  Fronian. 
Volunteered  June  28,  1918,  with  the  16th 
Regiment    Isolation    Camp,    Company    32. 


f^^A 

E,?^ 

Y" 

m 

©t. 

)tLf 

/^5W^  "v  ' 

^  m 

lE 

Born    May    26,    1900,    in 

Son    of    Douglas    and 

imie  Hollowcll.     Enlisted  June  15,   1918, 


and  Margaret  Ann  Huffma 
May  25,  1918,  with  the  13 
Artillery,   Battery  B. 


PRIVATE  JAMES  VV.  JACKSON, 
ining,  Illinois.     Born  February  10.  1890, 
Grape   Creek,    Illinois.      Son    of    San:uel 


Infantry,   Company  F. 


'RIVATE  F.  DONALD  MASON 
ling,  Illinois.     Born  De 


(liana,  April  5,  18y6.  Son  of  Jam 
Overman  and  Alma  Carpenter  Ovi 
Volunteered  May  4,  1917,  with.  E 
C.  ,i6th   r.   S.   CoaM   Artillery   Corps. 


JAMES  F.  OVERMAN 
Cr.NNER'S  MATE,  U.  S.  N. 
Henning,    Illinois.      Born   April    9,    I'JOO. 
Indianapolis,    Indiana.      Son    of   James 
and  Alma  Carpenter  Overman.  Volunteci 
June    20.    1018,    with    the    U.    S,    Navy. 


IIARLES  JACOB  WATSON, 

SEAMAN,    U.    S.    N. 
IK,   Illinois.     Born  October  10, 


PRIVATE  LEON   GUY  WATSON, 
Henning.  Illinois.     Born  April   14,   1895.  i 
Potomac.  Illinois.     Son  of  Maggie  E.  Wa 
d    April    3.    1917.    with    th 


(,Hth   1-.   S.    He 


lillery.   Battery   D. 


in  Marshheld.  Indiana.  Son  of  Harlow  B. 
and  Charlotte  Shaw  Ambler.  Volunteered 
in  July.  1917,  with  the  129th  IL  S.  Infan- 
try,  Company   B,  as  cook. 


Son  of  Samuel  Nel- 
son Bussard  and  Alice  Bussard.  Enlisted 
December   IJ.   1917,   with   the   V.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  KELLY  BUSSARD 
Collison,    Illinois.      Born    August    U..    1899. 
CoUison,    Illinois.      Son    of    Samuel    Nelson 
Bussard  and  Alice  Bussar.l.     Entered  serv- 
ice   in     Ni.vember,    I'HS,    with    the    U.    S. 


ClY    BUSSARD 
ARMED  GUARD,    U.    S.    N. 
Collison,  Illinois.     Born   December  8,  1898, 
in   Collison,    Illinois.      Son   of  Samuel    Nel- 
son   Bussard  and   Alice    Bussard.      Enlisted 
December    12.    1'117.    with    the    U.    S.    Navy. 


PRIVATE  GLENN   R. 


■olli! 


mil 


Bor 


Ros; 


ovembcr  4,  1899.  Sou  of  George 
A.  Coakc  and  Elva  Carter  Coake.  Volun- 
teered April  1,  1917,  with  the  149th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  Battery  A,  67th  Brigade, 
42d  Division.  Rainbow  Division.  Wound- 
ed  in  battle  and   died  October  23,   1918. 


V  ^4^ 


.M.kc.K.V.M  WAI.IhK  V.  DAVIS 
Collison.  Illinoib.  Born  February  28,  1890. 
in  Armstrong,  Illinois.  Son  of  Jared  and 
Sarah  Davis.  Volunteered  in  February, 
1917.  with  the  2(.7lh  l".  S.  Aero  Squadron, 
Motor    Mechanic    Division. 


PRIVATE  NELSON  EARL  IRVIN 
Collison,  Illinois.  Born  January  12,  1895, 
in  Adams  County,  Ohio.  Son  of  Henry  and 
Mollie  Newman  Irvin.  Entered  service 
June  28.  1918.  with  the  123d  U.  S.  Infan- 
try, Company  F. 


HAROLD   R.   TILLOTSON 
PETTY    OFFICER,    U.    S.    N. 
Collison,    Illinois.      Born    in    Potomac, 
nois,  June    15,    1897.      Soji   of    Buell   Til 


nois,  February  8,  1887.  Son  of  Charles 
Bailey  and  Anna  Harmon  Bailey.  Volun- 
teered in  February,  1918,  with  Company 
B.  Ordnance  Detachment. 


PRIVATE  EMMET  BIGG.S 
lumrick,  Illinois.  Born  in  Verm 
■ounty,  Illinois,  September  6,  1891. 
nd    Lcnora    Biggs. 


I^ptember   19,  1917,  with  the 
y  Company  No.  2. 


T    CLOONCE 
111   in    May,   1892,   in 
•  '11     (if    Joseph    and 
mI  iif  Florence  Rich- 

i  .    s'"\Val'i"r    Ta"k 


Df  J.  W.  Long  and  Minn 
terea  service  with  Company  ' 
Machine  uun  Battalion. 


LEWIS    C.    LYNCH 

CORPORAL   MAURICE  A. 

Polomac.   Illinois.      Born   Tune   4,    1894, 
Potomac,  Illinois.     Son  of  Sheldon   O.  a 
Mary    E.     Lynch.       Entered    service    Ju 

ind 

Potomac.   Illinois.      Born   Tune   1 
Loda,   Illinois.     Son   of  Kit   C. 
i\I.     Staley     Lyle.       Volunteered 
1917,    with   the    l.'ilst    U.    S.    Inf 
chine  Gun   Conpany. 

PRIVA 

TE JABALJACK 

ALKIRE 

East  Lynn, 
in     Hoopesi 
and    Addah 
Ruth  Alkir( 

Illinois. 
;.     Volun 

Born 
°Alkir 

Ma 
So.- 

rch  12.  1894, 
i     of     George 
Husband    of 
March,   1918, 

.■..<* 


k 


I'KlVATli  UE.NRV  NEWTU.N  k 
Humrick,  Illinois.  Born  in  Lo 
ship.    Illinois.    August    28,    1893. 


.IS,    August    ^8,    1 
kle   and   Almyria 


SERGEANT   EARL  HALEY 
East  Lvnn,  Illinois.     Born  March  23,   1894, 
in  East' Lynn,  Illinois      Son  of  William  and 


U.   S.   Infant: 


PRIVATE  ROY  W.  COLLINS 

PRI 

East    Lynn,     Illinois.       Born     January    14, 

imnois'^ 

1894.  in   East   Lynn,  Illinois.      Son  of  Wil- 

Showers   ( 

liam   and  Ida  Irene   Showers  Collins.      En- 

11,    1917, 

tered  service  June  28,  1918,  with  the  123rd 

(luairon. 

t;.   S.   Infantfy. 

VATK  IRA   E.  COLLINS 

1,   Illinois.     Born   in    East    Lynn, 

Son    of    William    and    Ida    Irene 

Collins.      Volunteered    December 

with     the    865th    U.     S.     Aero 


PRIVATE 

Polomac.  Illinois.  Born  December  12, 
1892,  in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Son  of  William 
and  Rebecca  Blackford.  Volunteered  in 
August,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  National 
Guards.  Now  with  the  12lh  U.  S.  Infan- 
try, Headquarters  Company. 


PRIVATE  HERBERT  LEVI  HARKNESS 
East  Lynn,  Illinois.  Born  July  14.  1894,  in 
East  Lvnn,  Illinois.  Son  of  James  W.  and 
Nellie  Waite  Harkness.  Husband  of  Ruth 
Gildersluve  Harkness.  Entered  service  July 
31,  1918.  with  the  341st  U.  S.  Fire  and 
Guard  Company. 


CAPTAIN  EARL  WILLIAM  HARKNESS 
East  Lynn,  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  W.  Hark- 
ness and  Nellie  Waite  Harkness.  Volun- 
teered June  4,  1917,  with  Battery  D,  10th 
U.    S.    Field   Artillery. 


PRIVATE 
WALTER  ALEXANDER  McCOXNELL 
East  Lvnn,  Illinois.  Born  February  7, 
1896,  in  Hoopeston.  Illinois.  Son  of  Wil- 
liam T.  and  Addie  Alkire  McConnell.  Hus- 
band of  Edith  Luxton  McConnell.  En- 
tered service  June  27,  1918,  with  Com- 
pany F,   123rd  U.  S.   Infantry. 


CORPOR.\L  CHESTER  MONTROSS 
■  t  Lynn,  Illinois.  Born  February  18, 
1,  in  East  Lynn,  Illinois.  Son  of 
inzo  and  Alda  Leigh  Montross.  Husband 
Nettie  Bernice  Hall  Montross.  Entered 
lice    September    17,    1917.    with    the    U. 


PRIVATE  GEORGE  H.   STEVESON 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  JOHN  STRAYER. 

East  Lynn.  Illinois.     E 

orn  August  26 

East   Lvnn,  Illinois.      Born    Tulv  8,    1896,   in 

in    Eas't    Lynn,    Illino 

s.      Son    of   J 

Paxton;  Illinois.     Son  of  Charles  and  Flora 

and  Alherta  Wilcox  S 

evesbn.     Volur 

Alice    Mahoney    Strayer.      Entered    service 

April    27,    1918,    with 

Company    H, 

June  28,   1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Infantry. 

U.  S.  Infantry. 

PRIVATE 
WOODRUFF  LUCIAN  FREESE, 
Mien,  Illinois.  Born  November  7,  1895. 
Rossville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Jay  and  Jen- 
-■  Kuykendall  Frcese.  Entered  service 
iril  III.  1918,  with  the  33d  P.  O.  D.  Com- 
ny,   U.   S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  LESTER  T.  MAPES 
Ogden,  Illinois.  Born  August  1.  1895,  in 
Ogden,  Illinois.  Son  of  William  Thomas 
and  Ella  Chancy  Mapcs.  Entered  service 
.\pril  3.  1918.  with  the  68th  V.  S.  Coast 
Artillery    Band. 


PRIVATE 
HAROLD  BAILEY  WOMACKS 
Ogden,    Illinois.      Born   in    Ogden,    Illin 


InJr 


of    W. 
Womacks. 
th  the   U.   S. 


PRIVATE 
CRT  HARRIS  DONALDSON 
!,    Illinois.      Son   of   John    Donald 
cred   service  June   18.    1917.    with 
U.   S.   Field   Ar 


Batte 


in  F.ttsburg.  Missour..  Husband  of  Fran- 
ces Fry  Ellett  and  father  of  LcRoy  El- 
lett.  Entered  service  September  19.  1917, 
with  the  131st  U.  S.  Infantry.  Company  A. 


PRIVATE 

JAiMES  FLOYD  KIRKPATRICK 

U.  S.  M.  C. 


Son  of  Charles  F.  and  Magnolia  Stan 
Kirkpatrick.  Enlisted  May  30,  1918,  v 
the   U.  S.   Marines. 


HAROLD    R, 
SEAMAN, 

MEITZLER 

U.   S.    N. 

Armstrong,  Illinois, 
in  Armstrong,   Illinoi 
Lydia  Kairchild  Meit; 
1918.  with  the  U.  S. 
ber    30,    1918. 

Bor 

n  M 

vy 

arch  2 
of   P; 

i:z^ 


PRIVATE   RICHARD   P.  ANDREWS 
Bismarck.   Illinois.      Born  July  16,   1888,  in 
Bismarck.      Son    of    James    A.    and    Annie 
Johnson    Andrews.      Volunteered   June    28, 
1917,  with  the  124th  U.   S.  Infantry,  Com- 


PRIVATE  EVERETT  R.  ANDREW 
!.  R.  No.  1,  Alvin.  Illinois.  Born  in  1 
larck.  Illinois,  July  26,  1894.  Son  of  . 
..  Andrews  and  Annie  Johnson  Andre 
'olunfcered  August  27,  1917,  with  the 
.    Field    Hospital    Company    16,    16th 


PRIVATE  JAMES  A.  DUNCAN 
Alvin.  Illinois.  Born  June  24,  1895, 
Alvin,  Illinois.  Son  of  Hugh  and  L 
Duncan.  Entered  service  ivfay  19.  1! 
with   3d   U.    S.   Infantry.   Company    F. 


August  18,  1887.  Son  of  Patrick  T.  Gr. 
md  Mary  Jane  Halleran  Green.  Ente 
ervicc    September    .■;,    1917,    with    Comp: 


SERGEANT  JOSEPH  L.  MILLER 
Armstrong,  Illinois.  Born  December  27, 
1898,  in  Armstrong,  Illinois.  Son  of  Sam- 
uel and  Flora  Banna  Miller.  Volunteered 
April  13,  1917,  with  the  12th  U.  S.  Cav- 
alry. Now  52d  U.  S.  Field  Artillery, 
Company  F. 


PRIVATE  JOHN   McBRIDE 


ch    20,    1896, 


McBride.  Entered  servi 
1917,  with  the  336th  U. 
Battalion,   Company  D. 


WAGOXER  HARRY  McBRIDE 
Alvin.  Illinois  Born  December  3,  1893,  in 
Alvin,  Illinois.  Son  of  James  and 
Hortense  McBride.  Entered  service  April 
28.  1918  with  the  359th  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Supply  Company. 


PRIVATE  JESSE  HOR.N'ER 
imarck,  Illinois.  Born  June  16,  1890.  in 
smarck,  Illinois.  Son  of  Francis  M.  and 
ith  A.  Claypool  Horner.  Entered  service 
irch  2,  1918,  with  the  Medical  Corps, 
nerican     Red     Cross     Military     Hospital 


PRIVATE  HARRY  H.  HORNER 
Bismarck.  Illinois.  Born  January  19,  1897, 
in  Bismarck,  Illinois.  Sen  of  Francis  M. 
and  Ruth  Claypool  Horner.  Volunteered 
February  19,  1918,  with  the  Aviation  Corps. 
Now  Aviation   S(iua(lron   No.  871-E. 


PRIVATE  HARVEY  \V.  JOHNSON. 
Bismarck,  Illinois  Born  in  Bismarck,  Illi- 
nois. December  10,  1898.  Son  of  Barton 
Johnson  and  Edna  Johnson.  Volunteered 
April  16,  1917,  with  the  M.  O.  T.  C.  Hos- 
pital  Corps  No.  2. 


VV.  M.   SAYLOR 
llinois.       Volunteered    wilh     llic 
Medical   Corps  April    14,    191.. 


LIEUTENANT  IIAROLU  C.  WII.BIR 
Potomac,  Illinois.  Born  March  31.  1893 
in  Potomac,  Illinois.  Son  of  Louis  W.  and 
Effie  Courtney  Wilbur.  Volunteered  in 
November,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Aviation 
Department. 


CORPORAL  FLOYD  E.  CONAWAY 
U.  S.  M.  C. 
lllerton,  Illinois.  Born  February  11,  189( 
n  Monticello,  Illinois.  Son  of  Williai 
nd  Bertie  Bush  Conaway.  Enlisted  Apr 
2,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Marines. 


PRIVATE  FRED  B.  CONAWAY 
Allerton,   Illinois.      Born  August    14,    1 


with    the    4th    U.    S. 


Wilson. 


of    Sherman    VVil- 
Volunteered   April 
4.   1917.  with  Company  D,  123d  V.   S.   Ma- 
chine   Gun    Battalion.    33d    Division.    6Sth 


PRIVATE  ROLLIX  E.  GRAY 
Allerton.  Illinois.  Born  January  8.  1899. 
in  Homer.  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  M.  Gray  and 
Orpha  Gray.  Volunteered  with  Battery  A. 
67th  Brigade.  42d  Division.  Rainbow  Di- 
vision.  149th   U.  S.  Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  HOWARD  GRAY 
Allerton.  Illinois.  Born  April  15,  1895,  in 
St.  Joseph.  Illinois.  Son  of  J.  M.  Gray 
and  Orpha  Gray.  Volunteered  April  7, 
1917.  with  Battery  A,  67th  Brigade,  42d 
Division.  Rainbow  Division,  194th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery. 


ruiVAiL  (  ^   w.  rAVN£ 

Alkron.  Illinoi^.  l!,i.p  in  Allerton.  Illinois, 
September  10.  1897.  Son  of  Sippie  Payne. 
Volunteered  in  .^pril.  1V17,  with  n  feiy  A. 
67lh  Brigade.  Rainbow  Division.  149th  f.  S. 
Field  Artillery. 


PRIVATE    I- 
Allerton.      Illinois. 
1895.  in  Edgar,  lllini 
and   Hannah    Reed. 
25,   1918.  with  the   I 


Edgar  County.  Illinois.  Son  of  JoS' 
and  Sarah  Walthall  Canaday.  Husb 
Beatrice  Martin  Canaday.  Entered 
May  27,  1918,  with  the  138th  U.  i 
chine  Gun  Battalion,  38th  Division, 
pany    D. 


Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio.  .s.,n  c,i  L  : 
Hannah  Coatc.  Entered  service  Se( 
19,  1917,  with  the  316th  V.  S.  A 
tion   Train,    Headquarters  Company. 


SERGEANT  ERWIN  L.  METZ, 
Olivet.  Illinois.    Born  in  December,  1891.  i 
Indiana.      Hu.sband  of   Lois  G.   Metz.      Ei 
lered  service  June  26,  1918,  with  the  U.  I 
Motor  School. 


CHARLES  EMERALD  MORRIS 
SEAMAN,  U.  S.  N. 
Olivet,  Ilinois.  Born  December  1,  1897,  iu 
Duncanville.  Illinois.  Son  of  Charles  and 
Omma  Ncsbitt  Morris.  Enlisted  in  August, 
1918,  with  the  4th  Regiment.  Company  J, 
U.   S.   Navy. 


PRIVATE  JOSEPH  E  SHELBY 
Oluet,  Illinois  Born  April  26.  1896, 
Fulton  County,  Illinois  Son  of  Marion 
and  Gertv  PaeMon  bhelb\  Voluntee 
Tulv  24,    1917,   with   the  U     S    Quartern 


PRIVATE  OLIN  W.  WALTZ 
Olivet,  Illinois.  Born  July  2.  1893,  in  But- 
ler, Illinois.  Son  of^  John  Wesley  and 
Sarah  R.  Waltz.  Entered  service  March 
15,  1918.  with  the  U.  S.  Medical  Depart- 
ment, Recruit  Camp  No.  4. 


1  Pilot  Township,  Illinois.  Son  of  Arthur 
nd  Emma  May  Poindexter  Purnell.  Vol- 
nteered  February  26,  1918,  with  Head- 
uarter^   C()mpany   2,  U.   S.  Army. 


PRIVATE  OMER  MARION  FORD 
Kokomo,   Indian 
State     Line,     Ii 

Marion  Ford  and  Manila  Belle  Hays  Ford. 
Entered  service  in  February,  1918,  with 
Battery  A,  Trench  Motor  Battalion. 


^olf^ 


EARL  RAY  FORD 
1316  S.  Welster  Street,  Kokomo,  Indiana. 
Born  March  4.  1895,  in  Warren  County. 
Indiana  State  Line.  Son  of  Francis 
Marion  Ford  and  Manila  Belle  Hays  Ford. 
Entered  service  January   1,   1918. 


LIEUTENANT  THOMAS  W.  WADDELL 
Muncic,  Illinois.  Born  November  16,  1896. 
in  FUminK,  Kentucky.  Son  of  J.  F.  and 
Emma  Waddell.  Volunteered  in  April, 
1917,    with    the    1st   Battalion,    Company   A, 


iERGEANT    ERSOM     H.    FRENCH 
tomac,  Illinois.     Born  January   16,   1895. 
David    City,    Nebraska.      Son    of    J.    P. 


PRIVATE  MELVIN  POOLE 
Cayuga,  Indiana.  Born  June  12,  1899,  in 
Metcalfe.  Illinois.  Son  of  Josie  Jones 
Poole  Williams  and  the  late  Paul  Poole. 
Volunteered  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Division,  67th 
Brigade,  42d  Division. 


Volunteered 


State  I.ine,  Indiana.  Born  August  20 
in  Chicago,  Illinois.  Son  of  Hattie 
ard  Brown  and  the  late  J.  Brown  E 
July  .i.   1918,  with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  \V.  W.  CROUCH 
State  Line,  Indiana.  Born  December  26, 
1891,  in  Vermilion  County,  Illinois.  Son 
of  Daniel  J.  and  Rose  Muse  Crouch.  En- 
tered service  Septeirber  26,  1918,  with  the 
160th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade,  1st  Battery,  3d 
Company. 


in  Indiana.  Son  of  Hattie  PricLrd  Miller 
and  the  late  Daniel  Miller.  Entered  service 
September  26,  1918,  with  the  77th  U.  S.  In- 
fantry, Company  A. 


PRIVATE  DANIEL  MILLER 
State  Line,  Indiana.  Born  May  26,  1894. 
in  Indiana.  Son  of  Harry  and  Hallic  All 
bands  Miller.  Entered  service  October  .^, 
1917,  with  the  345th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Supply 
Company. 


H.  and  Bertha  Gibson  Odl 


UVAIL  JOHN  CLARENCE  ROUSE 
le  Line,  Indiana.  Born  August  24,  1891, 
ndiana.  Son  of  D.  V.  and  Eunice  Beals 
ISC.     Entered  service  May  29,  1918,  with 

l64th  U.  S.  Depot  Brigade,  1st  Division, 

Regiment,  4lh   Battalion. 


PRIVATE  ROBERT  ().  SMITH 
State  line,  Indiana.  Born  July  31,  1891, 
Demosville,  Kentucky.  Son  of  Arch  a 
Susan  Vastine  Smith.  Entered  serv 
August  26,  1918,  with  the  4th  U.  S.  P 
visional  Battalion,  Company  N. 


...  Indiana.  Son  of  Albert  W.  and  Vclla  C. 
James  Williams.  Entered  service  October 
4,  1917,  with  the  152d  U.  S.  Infantry, 
Company  D. 


CORPORAL  CLARENCE  A.  McCORD 
Peoria.  Illinois.  Born  in  Danville  Illi- 
nois, May  3.  1892.  Son  of  O.  L.,  McCord 
and  Ella  McCord.  Volunteered  in  April. 
1917.  with  Battery  A.  149th  U.  S.  Field  Ar- 
tillery. Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  FRANK  R.  COX 
1209    W.    Chestnut,    Bloomington,    Illinois. 
Born  in  Hoopeston,  Illinois.     Son  of  Leon- 
ard and  Anna  Kelly  Cox.     Entered  service 
Tune. 25.   1918.   with   the  U.   S.   Infantry. 


PRIVATE  STANLEY  PARKER  ROSS 
Catlin,  Illinois.  Born  in  Urbana,  Illinois. 
May  5.  1894.  Son  of  Charles  Ross  and 
Minnie  Parker  Ross.  Volunteered  Septem- 
ber 20,  1917.  with  Company  B.  lUtb  L.  S. 
Engineers  Corps. 


PRIVATE  EVERETT  T.  ADDIE 
Penfield.  Illinois.  Born  September  30,  1893, 
in  Ohio.  Husband  of  Fay  Johnson  Addie 
and  father  of  Evelyn  Addie  Entered  serv- 
ice April  27.  1918,  with  the  249th  L.  S. 
Medical  Corps. 


FIRST  LIEUTENAM 
CHARLES  A.  BRITf 
R  F.  D.  No.  28,  Pentield,  Illinois.  Born 
June  12,  1894,  in  Penfield.  Illinois.  Son  of 
M.  S.  and  Nettie  Putman  Bntt.  Volun- 
teered  in  May.  1917.  with  the  U.  S.  Avia- 
tion   Corps. 


PRIVATE   ROSCOE   BROOKS 
U.  S.  M.  C. 
Riola,   Illinois.      Born   Septembej-   l"'    ^^°'>t 
in  Westville,  Illinois.     Son  of  Prosper  and 
Grace     Spicer    Brooks        Enlisted    April  2, 
1917     with    the    5th    Regiment,    18th    Com- 


PRIVATE  WILLIAM  BUTLER 
Richald,  R.  R.  No.  8,  Illinois.  Born  in 
Danville,  Illinois,  February  4,  1893.  Son 
of  Morton  Butler  and  Bertha  Lois  Butler. 
Entered  service  April  3,  1918.  with  Com- 
pany  11.   r.   S.   Artillery. 


PRIVATE  JOHN   H.   HINES 
Potomac     Illinois.      Born   August   26,    1895, 
in    Armstrong.    Illinois        Son    of    William 
and     Sarah     Mines.        Entered     service     in 


PRIV.\TE  WILLI A.M 
1104  S.  Third  Street,  Terre  Hanle.  inuiana. 
Born  August  26,  1896,  in  Princeton  Iiidi- 
fna.  Son  of  P.  L.  Drescher  and  the  late 
Victoria  E.  Van  Ness  D-'^'^her.  Volun- 
teered in  1916  with  Battery  A,  149th  U.  S. 
Field  Artillery,  Rainbow  Division. 


PRIVATE  HKRBERT  JAMES  DREW 
De  Witte.  Illinois.     Born  in  October,   1»'I2, 
in  EmminBton,  Illinois.     Son  of  Wesley  and 


CORPORAL  MARION  EDWARD  DREW 
DeWitte,  Illinois.  Born  in  February, 
1890,  in  Emmington,  Illinois.  Son  of  Wes- 
ley and  May  Oallurt  Drew.     Entered  service 


PRIVATE   BRUCE  JONES 
Metcalf,  Illinois.     Born  September  20,  1895, 
in    Hildreth.  Illinois.      Son    of   P.    E.  Jones 
and   Minnie  M.   Drnrnmond  Jones.     Volnn- 
leered  August  2.   I'M/,  with   the  (i4mh   U.   S. 


SECOND  LIl 
EDWIN  A.  McCORU 
Canton,  Illinois.  Born  December  6,  1888, 
in  Georgetown,  Illinois.  Son  of  Orin  L. 
and  Ella  Barr  McCord.  Husband  of  Anne 
Dicker  Chesley  McCord.  Volunteered  in 
May,  1917,  with  the  U.  S.  Quartermasters 
Corps. 


WALTER  WILLIAM  MYERS 
CHIEF  MACHINIST,  V.  S.  N. 
1.144  Locust  street,  Tcrre  Haute,  Indiana. 
Son  of  Robert  M.  and  Emma  Alice  Clift 
Myers.  Born  August  15.  1891,  in  Terre 
Haute.  Indiana.  Enlisted  May  9,  1917, 
with  the  U.  S.  Navy. 


PRIVATE  GLENN  RAY  CARRINGTON 
Jamaica,  Illinois.  Born  April  21,  1896,  in 
Jamaica.  Illinois.  Son  of  Andrew  W.  and 
Ollie  Hubbard  Carrington.  Entered  serv- 
ice June   28.    1918.   with 


Secti 


106th 


SERGEANT 
FORREST  STREATOR  SHINN 
Galesburg.  Illinois.  Born  February  6.  1891. 
in  Lee.  Nebraska.  Son  of  Asa  Franklin 
and  Lizzie  Martin  Shinn.  Volunteered 
July  21.  1917.  with  the  M.  I.  T.— X.  A. 
D.,  Company  30. 


15    W.    Mad  I 


the    U.    S.    Ground    Av 


A   BRAVE   AND   BRILLIANT   CAREER 


Curtis  (i.  Redden  was  a  iiali\e  of 
X'ermilion  county  and  was  born  on 
the  old  Redden  farm,  west  of  Ross- 
\ille,  February  8,  1881.  He  was  the 
oldest  of  four  children  born  to  Wil- 
liam B.  and  Sarah  Remster  Redden, 
whose  marriage  took  place  March 
30,  1879.  His  parents  were  of  old 
stock,  the  ancestors  on  both  sides  of 
the  house  having  come  to  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country  in  the  early  days 
of  the  nineteenth  centur3^ 

Andrew     Remster,    the    mother's 
father,    came    to    Fountain    county, 
Indiana,     from     Virginia     in     1820. 
John  Redden,  grandfather  of  the  col- 
onel,  was   one   of   the   pioneer   resi- 
dents   of    the    Wabash    valley    near 
Covington,  and  William  Redden,  the 
great   grandfather,   was   one   of   the   early    settlers   of 
Kentucky,    coming   from    Virginia    shortly    after    the 
Revolutionary  War  and  settling  near  the  present  town 
of  Maysville.     He  came  to  western  Indiana  in   1819. 

Colonel  Redden  removed  with  his  parents  to  Ross- 
ville  while  still  small,  attended  public  school  there  and 
was  in  the  high  school  when  the  Spanish-.\merican  war 
started.  He  enlisted  in  Battery  A  and  remained  until 
it  was  all  over,  then  completed  his  three  year  course  in 
the  high  school,  graduating  with  the  class  of  '99.  That 
fall  he  entered  the  University  of  Michigan  Law  School 
at  Ann  Arbor,  and  graduated  in  June,  1903.  He  re- 
turned after  his  graduation  for  a  post-graduate  course 
of  a  year. 

He  was  married  in  Danville  on  June  16,  1910,  to  Miss 
Loyette  Pankey.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  William  T.  Pankey,  then  residents  of  this  city, 
but  for  the  past  few  years  living  in  Galesburg.  It  was 
with  his  father-in-law  that  Colonel  Redden  was  asso- 
ciated in  business  when  the  call  to  arms  brought  him 
back  in  Danville  for  the  last  time. 

There  are  three  children  born  of  the  union — Worth, 
Sarah  Francis  and   Mav   Lovctte,  the  babv.  born   just 


LIEUT.-COL.    CURTIS    G.    REDDEN 


before  the  departure  of  the  father  for 
Fort  Sheridan. 

In  May,  1917,  Battery  A,  with 
Capt.  Redden  in  command,  left  for 
Fort  .Sheridan,  where  it  became  a 
part  of  the  149th  Field  Artillery. 
\\'hile  stationed  here  Capt.  Redden 
was  promoted  to  a  major.  After 
hard  training  the  149th  was  moved 
to  Mineola,  Long  Island,  where  it 
remained  until  it  embarked  for 
France  in  October,  1917.  Having 
had  intensive  training  in  France, 
Major  Redden  and  his  men  were 
rushed  to  the  front.  From  this  time 
on  they  were  in  the  thickest  of  the 
fighting,  participating  in  every  major 
engagement  of  the  war  on  the  west- 
ern front. 

Major  Redden  was  again  promoted  and  made  a 
Lieut. -Colonel.  He  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
149th  in  October,  1918.  After  November  II,  1918,  the 
149th  became  part  of  the  Army  of  Occupation. 

It  was  while  stationed  at  Coblenz,  Germany,  Colonel 
Redden  became  ill.  Pneumonia  set  in,  resulting  fatally 
in  spite  of  every  effort.  He  died  at  I  p.  m.,  Thursday, 
January  16,  1919.  His  untimely  death  and  the  great 
sorrow  it  spread  over  the  regiment,  the  city  of  Dan- 
ville, the  state  of  Illinois  and  his  man\'  friends  and  ac- 
quaintances, is  likened  to  the  death  of  gallant  Colonel 
Harmon  of  the  Civil  War.  He,  too,  a  young  lawyer, 
left  a  wife  and  four  small  children,  one  of  them  a  babe 
in  arms,  and  going  forth  to  battle  fell  in  the  charge  up 
Kenesaw  mountain. 

Colonel  Redden  had  always  been  a  leader  of  men.  He 
was  one  of  the  greatest  football  players  in  the  world. 
Without  doubt  he  was  the  best  player  the  University  of 
Michigan  ever  had.  He  was  captain  of  the  Michigan 
football  team  in  1903,  and  the  baseball  team  in  1904. 

The  glorious  career  of  Colonel  Redden,  in  peace  and 
war,  will  always  be  a  monument  to  revere,  and  an  in- 
spiration for  the  unborn  manhood  of  Vermilion  to  pat- 
tern after. 


iUTKNANT    COLONEL    RKDDEN     AND    OFFICERS    OF    irn 


CHRONOLOGY  OF  THE  WAR 


Aug.  4— St; 


of 


bet» 


declared;     Germany     declares    war 
on   Belgium. 
Aug.  8 — Germans    take    Liege. 
Aug.  20 — German    forces    enter    Brussels. 
Aug.  23 — Japan    declares  war   on    Germany. 
Aug.  26 — Large    part     of     Louvain     destroyed     by 

Aug.  28 — British  win  naval  battle  near  Helgoland. 
Aug.  29 — Germans  inflict  heavy  defeat  on  Russians 

at   Allenstcin;    Germans   occupy   Amiens. 
Sept.   1 — Germans  win  victory  at  Tannenberg.  East 

Prussia:    cross    the    Marne    in    France. 
Sept.  2 — Lemberg   captured    by    Russians;    .seat    of 

French    government    transferred    from    Paris    to 

Sept.  5 — England,  France  and  Russia  sign  com- 
pact not  to  conclude  peace  separately. 

Sept.  6 — Allies   win   battle   of    Marne. 

Sept.  7 — Germans  retreat  from  the  Marne;  cap- 
ture  Maubeuge. 

Sept.  7-10— Germans  retreat  to  the  Aisne. 

Sept.  1-1 — Battle  of  Aisne  begins;  pursuit  by  allies 
halted. 

Sept.   15 — First  battle  of  Soissons  fought. 

Sept.   18 — Germans   bombard    Rheims;    cathedral    is 

Sept.  IM— Battle  of  Aisne  develops  into  continuous 
trench   fighting. 

Sept.  20 — Russians  capture  Jaroslau  and  start 
siege  of  Przemysl.  . ,_      ,  .  , 

Sept.  22 — British  cruisers  Cressy,  Aboukir  and 
Hogue    torpedoed    and    sunk    in    the    North    sea. 

Oct.  y-lO — Germans  capture  Antwerp. 

Oct.   12 — Germans  capture   Ghent. 

Oct.  20 — Fighting  along   Yser   river   begins. 

Oct.  25— Turkey   begins   war  on    Russia. 

Nov.  1 — British  cruisers  Good  Hope  and  Mon- 
mouth sunk  off  coast  of  Chile. 

Nov.  7— Tsingtao  captured  by  Japanese. 

Nov.  9 — German  cruiser   Emden    destroyed. 

Dec.  8 — German  cruisers  sunk  near  Falkland 
islands  by   British  fleet. 

-     •-         •  '  officials  return  to  Paris. 

lally   assumes   a   prote 

es    Avlona.    Albania. 

1915 


er    Egypt. 
2.-.— Italy 


Jan.    11-11 
Jan,  24— Bi 


sians    from    positions 

.,000    prisoners. 

ich      fleets      bombard 


March   10- 

March   14-  _ ,, 

March   18 — British     battle     ships     Irresistible 

Ocean     and     French     battle    ship     Bouvet 

in    Dardanelles  strait. 
March  22— Fortress     of     Przemysl     surrende 

Russians. 
April  23 — Ge 


Sept.  8 — Russians  stop   Germans   at   Tarni 
Sept.  19 — Germans  capture   Vilna. 
Sept.  20 — Austrians   and   Germans   begin 


Nov.  22 — British  victory 


Bagdad. 


from   near    Bagdad. 
Dec.  8-9 — Allies    defeated    in    Macedonia. 
Dec.   15 — Sir    John    Douglas    Haig    succeeds     Sir 

John  French. 
Dec.  27-30— Heavy    Russian    offensive    in    Galicia 

and  Bessarabia. 
Dec.  30— Liner  Persia  sunk  in  Mediterranean. 


s   force  way  across   Ypres  canal 

at   Stcenstraatc  and   Het   Sa.s. 
Mav  2— Austro-Hungarian  and   German   troops   re; 

pulse      Russians     along 

Malatow,    Gorlice,    Grom 

places  in  West  Galicia. 
May  7 — Lusitania  torpedoed  and  sunk  by  German 

submarine. 
May  23 — Italy  formally   declares   war  on   Austria. 
June  3 — Przemysl     recaptured     by     Germans     and 

Austrians. 
June  22 — Germans    and    Austrians    captu 

July  3— Tolmino  falls  into  hands  of  Italians. 
July  29 — Warsaw   evacuated;    Lublin    captured    by 

Austrians. 
Aug.  2 — Germans  occupy  Mitau. 
Aug.3-9 — Battle    of    Hooge. 
Aug.  4 — Germans  occupy  Warsaw. 
Aug.   5 — Ivangorod   taken   by  Germans. 
Aug:  6— British    land    at    Suvla    bay,    Gallipoli. 
Aug.   17 — Germans  capture  Kovno. 
Aug.   19-20— Germans  take   Novo   Gcorguvsk. 
Aug.  26— Germans    take    Brest-Litovsk. 
Sept.  2— Germans  capture  Grodno. 
Sept.   .■; — Grand    Duke    Nicholas    sent    to    the    C  au 


Tan.   h— Russiai 
Jan    S— Briti.sh 

rounded. 
Tan.  9— British 


Mo 


Gallipoli    peninsula. 
Austrians     capture     Mount     Loveen      in 
cgro;  predreadnought  King  Edward  VII. 


ed  by 


Jan.   13 — Cetinje,  capital   of  Montenegro,   captured 

by  Austrians. 
Jan.  23 — Scutari,   capital    of   Albani; 

Austrians. 

Feb.    \S — Erzerum    captured   by   the    Russians. 
Feb.  21 — Germans    under    crown    prince    begin 

tack  on  Verdun  defenses. 
Feb.  26 — Germans       capture       Fort       Douaumo 

French  transport  La  Provence  sunk. 
March  2— Bitlis  captured  by  Russians. 
March  16 — Admiral  von  Tirpitz  resigns. 
March  24 — Sussex  torpedoed  and  sunk. 
April  -S--- Battle  of  St.  Eloi. 
April  17— Trebizond  captured  by  Russians. 
April    18 — President    Wilson    sends    final     note 


April   24— Insurrection    i 

April  29— British      force 

renders  to  the  Turks. 


May 

May" 
June 


begin 


offcns 


Ital- 


fal  naval  battle  off  Danish  coast, 
mans    assail     British    at    Ypres:     Rus- 
er     Gen.     Brussiloff    begin     successful 
offensive. 
June  .S— Lord   Kitchener   lost   with   cruiser   Hamp- 


shir. 


talii 


June  II — Russians  capture  Dubno 
tune  18 — Russians  capture  Czern 
June  2.'!- Gen.     Brussiloff's     army 


Trenti 


Auk 


ed    for 


Aug.  .<;— British 
Aug.  9 — Italians 

Aug.  IS — Russians   capture  jaoionitza. 
Aug.   18 — Serbs    capture    Fiorina    from    Bulgars. 
Aug.  24 — French  take  Maurepas. 
Aug.  27 — Italy    declares    war    against    Germany. 
-Roumania  declares   war  against   Austr 


take     Kronstadt     in 
lake    Orsova   and    He 


Hun 
Aug    30 — Roumania 

sylvania:   Bulgars 
Sept.  2— Roumaniar 

stadl. 

Sept.  3— Allies   take   Guillemont   and   Clery. 
Sept.  7— Germans   capture   Tutrakan. 
.Sept.  9 — French    recapture    Fort    Douaumont. 
Sept.    10— German-Rulgar    forces    take    Sili.stri 
■'     "  •  ■  ■      jj,],^     Flers,     Martinpuich 


Fre 


each  outskirts  of  Ran 
capture  Vermandovillers  am 
ikc  Morval  and  Les  Bo-ufs. 


Sent.  17— Fi 

Sept"2S— Bi 
Sept.  26- F. 

British   take  Thircpval   and  Guedecou: 
Sept.  28 — Venizelos   proclaims    provisioi 

ment  in  Greece;   to  aid  allies. 

-Germans     defeat     Roumanian 


Oct 


adt. 


13— Italii 


1   of   Roumania. 
victory    on    Carso    pla 


Predeal. 

Oct.  2.1 — Germans  capture  Vulcan  pass, 
Nov.   3— French  reoccupy  Fort   Vaux. 
Nov.   12— French    take   all    of    Saillisel. 
Nov.    13— British   win   battle   of  Ancre. 
Nov.   19— Monastir    taken    by    Serbs,    I 


Italii 
Nov.  24— Gerraa 


Nov 


capture    Or 


gov 


csu    won    by    Germans. 

upied    by   German    forces, 
v'^;   I'J,-^':*'    British   cabinet   formed   with    David 
Lloyd  George  at   its  head. 


Dec.  I-    lUikh 
Dec. 

Llo: 
Dec.     11— Ilafian     battle    ship    Regina     Marghi 

Dec.    I-      'Miii:.ii.v    1  1 '.|'"ses  peace   negotiations. 
Dec.    I         i  ■  Miiire    Vacherauville,    Louve- 

Dec.    1        r         ;  W '.Kon     sends     note     to     bel- 

ligii'  "I  II  iiiMii  i-kiiig  them  to  make  known 
their  iic.icc  terms  and  to  neutral  nations  sug- 
gesting that  they  support  America's  action. 

Dec.  27 — Rimnik  Sarat  taken  by  Germans. 

Dee.  28- Germany  replies  to  President  Wilson 
saying  a  direct  exchange  of  views  would  be 
best     way     to     bring     about     peace;     gives     no 

Dec.  29— Scandinavian  countries  express  sym- 
pathy  with    President    Wilson's   i 

Dec.  30— Allies    make    joint     reply 
peace   proposal    rejecting   it. 


g      Screlh 

Jan.  8 — Germans   capture    Focsani    fortress. 

Jan.  9— British    battle    ship    Cornwallis    sunk. 

■f^iV,. ,"'"■*"',"=*  ."">'"=  j°'"'  '■^P'y  «°  President 
Wilson   and  give   their  peace  terms. 

Jan.  11— German  government  issues  note  com- 
menting on  entente's  reply  of  Dec.   30. 

Jan.  17— .British  advance  on  both  side  of  Ancre 
creek. 

Jan.  22— President  Wilson  addresses  United  States 
senate  on  subject  of  world  peace  and  the 
establishment  of  a  league  of  nations. 

Jan.  23— Battle  between  British  and  German 
destroyers  in   North   sea. 

Jan.  31— Ambassador  Count  von  Bcrnstorff  hands 
note  to  Secretary  Lansing  in  Washington,  an- 
nouncing the  inauguration  by  Germany  of  an 
unrestricted  submarine  warfare  on  Feb.  1; 
Germany      proclaims      boundaries      of      blockade 


itricted    submarine 


Feb.   1 — Germany     begins 
warfare. 

Feb.  3— President  Wilson  orders  that  Ambas- 
sador Count  von  BernstorfT  be  handed  his 
Iiassports,  directs  the  withdrawal  of  Am- 
bassador   James    W.    Gerard    and    all    American 


Feb. 


-Unii 


capture   Grandcourt:    German   ships   interned 

American  ports  found  crippled  by  crews. 
Feb.  8 — Germany    detains    Ambassador    Gerard    in 

Berlin:     liner     California     torpedoed    and     sunk 

with    loss  of   forty-one   lives. 
Feb.  9 — European    neutrals   decline    to    break   with 


via  Halifax  and   Norw; 
Feb.    I.S — Germans  under  crown  prince  take 

and   a   half   of    French    trenches   between 

and   Verdun. 
Feb.    17      I'.ritish    troops    cajiture    enemy    positii 


the 


niles 


Feb.  2S — "Hindenburg  retreat" 
in  full  progress:  British  w 
the    Tigris;     British    take    S 


both  sides  of 
I  Somme  sector 
and    Butte    dc 


Wilson  appears  before  eon- 
aiilhority  to  supply  merehanl 
iw  arms  and  to  employ  other 
I   .\merican  ships  and  citizens: 


president    power 


Icgislat 


lack     of     power 

— President    Wilson    inaugurated    for 

and    capt 


March  6— British     invade     Palestine 

Hebron;    United    States    Supreme    court    decides 

Appan^   case  in   favor  of  owners. 
March  8— United     States     senate     adopts     cloture 

rule;  Count  Ferdinmd  von  Zeppelin  dies. 
March  9 — President  WiUon   calls  a  special  session 

of  congress   for   .\pril    Id;   issues  orders  for   the 

armins    of    American    merchant    ships. 
March     10 — Belgian     relief    steamer    Storstad    tor- 
March   II— Successful  revolution  in  Russia;  British 

capture     Bagdad;     Ambas.sador     Gerard     reaches 

March  12— French  capture  Hill  18.S  in  Champagne: 
state  department  in  Washington  gives  formal 
notice  of  arming  of  American  ships;  Ainerican 
steamer    Algonquin     sunk 


Chit 


March  13— Russians    take    Kermanshah    in    Persia. 

March  15— Extra  session  of  United  States  sen- 
ate ends;  Czar  Nicholas  II.  of  Russia  abdi- 
cates   throne    for    himself    and    his    son. 

March  16— American  steamer  Vigilancia  tor- 
pedoed  with   loss  of   fifteen   lives. 

March  17— British  take  Bapauire;  French  take 
Rove;  American  ship  City  of  Memphis  sunk. 

March  18 — British  and  French  take  Peronne, 
Chaulnes,  Nesle  and  Noyon;  make  ten  mile 
gain  on  seventy  mile  front;  Germans  destroy 
everything  in  abandoned  territory;  American 
ship    Illinois    sunk    by    submarine. 

March  19— American  oil  ship  Healdton  tor- 
pedoed with  loss  of  a  score  of  lives;  French 
battle     ship     Danton     torpedoed  •'-     '—     "' 


strategic 


March  21— Presiden 
sioii  of  congress 
April    16;    "state 

March  22— America 
in   Russia. 

March  24— Washing 
Minister  Brand  ' 
workfTs  from  B. 
,n    Rus.-ia   votes    f 


d.niitted   to   ( 
;s    new     gov 


withdrawal  of 
merican  relief 
tionalist    party 

me  to   Russian 


March  25 — President  Wilson  calls  part  of  na- 
tional guard  in  the  east  into  the  national 
service   for  policing  purposes. 

March  26— British  defeat  large  force  of  Turks 
at  Gaza,  Palestine;  President  Wilson  calls  into 
federal  service  20,000  guardsmen  in  eighteen 
central   states. 

March  30— President  Wilson  and  cabinet  decide 
that  war  with  Germany  is  the  only  honorable 
recourse  left  to  the  United  States. 

.^pril  1 — The  Aztec,  an  armed  American  steamer, 
sunk  by  submarine;  Russian  armies  invade 
Turkey  from  Persia. 

April  2 — Special  session  of  American  congress 
opens:  president  in  address  asks  that  exist- 
ence    of     a     state     of     war     with     Germany    be 

.■\pril  4— Senate  passes  war  resolution;  Germans 
attack  Russians  on  Stokhod  river;  American 
steamship   Missourian   sunk   in   Mediterranean. 

April  5 — British  and  Russian  armies  join  in 
Mesopotamia. 

April  6 — House    passes    war    resolution;    president 

all  American  naval  forces  irobilized;  German 
vessels  in  American  ports  seized;  Germans^blow 
up    their   auxiliary    cruise      "  ^ 

April   7— Cuba      and      Pana 
Germany. 

April    8-    ■  •     "■ 


declar 


i— Austria-Hungary   announ 
IS  with  the  United  States. 


great 


April  15— Great  French  offensive  betwc 

en  Soissons 

and    Reims    begins. 

April   18— Germans   driven   out   of   six 

villages   be- 

tween    Soissons    and    Reims. 

April  21— Turkey    breaks    off    relation 

United    States;    Balfour    mission    arr 

ives    in    the 

ith   the   British 


in     house     of     representatives;     Marshal 

Joffre  speaks  in   Chicago. 

May  7 — War  department  in  Washington  an- 
nounces that  nine  regiments  of  engineers  are 
to  be  organized  and  sent   to   France. 

May  8 — Germans  regain  Fresnoy:  A.  J.  Balfour 
addresses  United  States  senate. 

May  9 — Liberia   ends    relations   with    Germany. 

May  17— First  American   Red   Cross   hospital 
arrives  in   England  for   ;  .  .      .       _ 

May  18 — President  Wilson  orders  the  sending  of 
a  division  of  regulars  to  France  under  Maj.-Gen. 
J.  J.  Pershing;  announces  that  he  will  not 
sanction  raising  of  volunteer  troops  by  Theodore 
Roosevelt  for  service  in  Europe;  issues  proclama- 
tion fixing  June  5  as  date  for  the  registry  of 
men  eligible  for  service  under  draft  law; 
Italians  storm   Monte  Vodice. 

May  19— President  Wilson  asks  Herbert  C.  Hoover 
to  take  charge  of  food  admii  "  '      *  *     " 


ii£  fh 


Adn 


arrives  in  America. 
S.  Sims  appointed 
aising    SlOu.nno.OOO    for 


Red  Cross  announced  bv   Henry   P.    Davidson. 

lay  25— German  aircraft  raid  Emjland,  killing 
seventy-six  persons  and  injuring  174;  President 
Wilson  makes  June  18-25  as  Red  Cross  week. 

lay  26— Italians    storm    second    Austrian    line    on 


June  5— Military   registrati 

draft    law   in    the    United    Stat 
10,000.000  men  register. 

June  6— Lord    Northcliffe    appoii 


ely 
represent 

June  7 — British     begin     great     offensive     at     Mes- 

sines,   storming  Wytschaete   ridge  and  exploding 

great    mines. 
June  8 — Gen.     Pershing     with     staff     and     clerical 

force    reaches   London;    force    of    100    American 

aviators  reach   France. 
June  10 — British    tj^in    mere    ground   around    Mes- 

Juiie  12— King    ConsTantine    of    Greece    forced    to 

June  l.i— Cell.  Pershing  lands  in  France;  Ger- 
man airolaues  raid  London,  killing  157  persons 
and   wounding   430. 

June   16 — Belgian    war    mission    arrives    in    United 


]^^ 


relations  with  Germany 
and  her  allies. 

June  30 — Eighty-seven  German  ships  seized  in 
American   ports   turned   over   to   shipping  board. 

July  4 — France  celebrates  July  4;  American 
troops   parade    in    Paris. 

July  9 — President  Wilson  proclaims  mobilization 
of  national  guard. 

July  12— Chancellor  von  Bethmann-Hollweg  re- 
signs. 

July  14 — George       Michaelis       becomes       German 


cello 


United  States, 
troops  arrive  ir 


Nov.  2 — .\niericaii  steamship  Rochester  torpedoed 
and  .<^unk;  Italians  abandon  eastern  bank  of 
the  Tagliamento   river. 

Nov.  3 — Three  Americans  killed,  eleven  wounded 
and  eleven  captured  by  German  trench  raid- 
ing  party;    British    attack   Gaza 

Nov.  5 — Austro-German  forces  cross  the  n:iddle 
Tagliamento  river. 

Nov.  6 — Italians   abandon   the   Tagliamento   line. 

Nov.  7— Austro-Germans  reach  the  Livenza  river; 
British  take  Gaza. 

Nov.  8 — Austro-German    forces    cross   the    Livenza 


.\pril  22 — British  mission  arrives  in  Washington: 
••United   States  day"  celebrated  in   Paris. 

April  23 — British  begin  new  attack  on  Arras  front; 
British  capture  Samara. 

April  24 — ^Joffre-Viviani  French  mission  arrives  in 

April  25— JofTre-Viviani  mission  given  ovation  in 
Washington:  president  appoints  Elihu  Root  head 

April  20 — Vacuum.  Airerican  steamship,  torpedoed, 

thirty    lives    lost. 
April  28 — Senate  and  house  pass  army  draft  bill; 

Secretary    McAdoo   announces    that    bond   issue 

will  be  tailed  "liberty  loan  of  1917." 
May  3 — Canadians    take    Fresnoy:    United    States 

begins    making    large    loans    to    allies;     French 

mission  received  on  floor  of  house. 
May  4 — American     destroyers     arrive     in     British 

waters  and  begin  patrol   work;   Briti.sh   transport 

Transylvania  sunk  with  loss  of  413  lives. 


July  28— More  A 

Aug.  6 — Kerensky   forms   new   cabinet. 

.\ug.    7 — Liberia  declares   war  on   Germany. 

.■^U'g.   14 — China    declares    war    on     Germany    and 

Austria.Hungary. 
.\ug.   15 — Pope's      peace      appeal      is      published; 

Canadians   capture    Hill    70.    dominating   Lens. 
.\u^.   Id — British    and    French    gain    on    nine    mile 

front    east    and    north    of    Ypres;     British    take 

Aug.  211 — French  attack  on  both  .sides  of  Meuse 
in  Verdun  rceion,  taking  Avocourt  wood,  Le 
Mort  Honme,  Corbeaux  wood,  Cumieres,  Talou 
ridge.  Hills  240  and  244,  Mormont  farm  and 
4.000    prisoners:     fight    witnessed    by    American 

Aug.  21 — C.inadians   take   2.000    yards   of  German 

trenches    in    outskirts   of    Lens. 
.\ug.  24 — Italians  take  Monte  Santo;   French  take 

Hill   304   near  Verdun. 
Aug    27 — General    embargo    on    exports    beginning 

Aug.    30   proclaimed    by   the    president:    full    aid 

to    Russia   pledged   by    President    Wilson:    reply 

of  United   States   to   pope's  peace   note   sent. 
Sept.  4    and     5 — German     airplanes    drop    bombs 

on    American    hospital    camp    in    France,    killing 

five  and  wounding  ten  persons. 
Sept.   5 — Five    per    cent    of    national    army    go    to 


Sept^.*"?— An 
Sept,    -'"—II 


repuls 


Germar.       attacks 


Jtila 


the  Italia 


commander-in- 
Gen.  Cadorna: 
fe    river;    allied 


incr    Minnehaha    sunk, 
■^nce  alon^  Ypres-Menin  road 
c   than   a  mile  and   a  half. 
Oct.   '1  '       "I     (if  congress   ends. 

Oct    •'  III     (lei mans    from    Poelcapelle: 

mmin       .1   i,>ri)i,ip   lieet  made  public. 
Oct.    1-      I  inuU  ^uues  transport  Antilles  sunk. 
Oct.  24      r.ig   .\ustro-German   drive  against    Italian 

front  begun:  part  of  Bainsizza  plateau   taken. 
Oct.  26— Italians    evacuate    Bainsizza    plateau. 
Oct.  29— Whole  Italian   Isonzo   line  falls:    Italians 

retreat    to    the   Tagliamento    river. 
Oct.  30 — Germans  and  Austrians   take   Udine. 
Nov.  1 — Germans     advance     southeastward     from 

Udine. 

356 


by  It 


Italians     hold     their     positions     on     th 

ItaVians  flood  lands  near  Venice  to  sto 
of  enemy. 

British  under  Gen.  Byng  take  German 
rise  in  Cambrai  region,  advancing  fiv 
id  taking  thousands  of  prisoners;  Gei 
pcks    in    Monte    Grappa    region    stoppc 


23 — Battle    of    Cambrai    continues. 

Nov.   26 — British  advance  near  Jerusalem:    French 

and      British      infantry      re-enforcements      reach 

Italian   lines. 
Nov.  27 — Allied     war     conference     assembles      in 


Paris 


occupied 


-Every  German  colony  is 

allied  forces. 
Dec.  A — President  Wilson  asks  congress  to  declare 

war  on   Austria-Hungary. 
Dec.  6 — United      States      destroyer     Jacob     Jones 

torpedoed  and  sunk. 
Dec.  7 — Congress  passes  resolution  declaring  state 

of  war  to  exist  between  the  United  States  and 

Austria-Hungary. 
Dec.  8 — Government    in    Portugal    overthrown    by 

revolution. 
Dec.  9 — Capture    of    Jerusalem    by    British    under 

Gen.   Allenby. 
Dec.   11 — Gen.   Allenby  formally  enters  Jerusalem 
Dec.   15— Col.     E.    M.    House    returns    from     war 

mission  to  Europe.  . 

Dec.   17— A  big  Red  Cross  drive  begun  in   United 

States.  ,  ,  .^.  . 

Dec.  18 — Senate      agrees      to      house      prohibition 

amendment. 
Dec.  20 — Premier    David    Lloyd    George    says    the 

allies  will  fight  to  a  finish. 
Dec.  26— The    United    States    takes    over    all    rail- 
road   lines    (beginning    Dec.    28):    Secretary    of 

the    Treasury    McAdoo    appointed    director-gen- 


eral. 


outh  of  Canbrai 


Jan.  16 — Fuel  .\dministrator  Garfield  orders  manu- 
facturing concerns  to  shut  down  five  days  and 
also    on    Mondays    until    the    end    of    March    to 

Jan.  28 — Secretary  Baker  explains  in  detail  to 
senate  militaiy  committee  the  work  of  the  war 
department  in  building  up  army,  saying  that 
1  500  OOn  men  can  go  to  France  in  1918:  London 
raided  hv  German  airplanes:  Russia  and 
Rouiiiaiuii      111    ntf    Illations:    Secretary    McAdoo 


Feb. 


Germany   growing 
.  state    of    siege    oi 


April  28-29— A  sector  in  the  ,  vicinity  of  Bre- 
teuil,  northwest  of  Monldidier,  was  occupied 
by   the    1st   division. 

May  2S— Cantigny  was  captured  by  the  1st 
division.  -\  detachment  of  our  troops,  re- 
enforced  by  French  artillery,  successfully  at- 
tacked the  enemy  on  a  front  of  about  2,220 
yards.  We  occupied  Cantigny,  captured  some 
200  prisoners  and  inflicted  severe  lo.sses  on   the 

Jun"*T^— The  2nd  division  attacked  in  Bois  de 
Bclleau,  advancing  the  line  900  yards  on  a 
front  of  one  and  one-half  miles,  capturing  300 
prisoners,  thirty  machine  guns,  four  trench 
mortars  and  stores  of  small  arms,  ammunition 
and  equipment.  Held  all  of  Hill  204  down 
to  the  village  on  the  northeast  slope,  thus  pre- 
venting the  enemy  from  concentrating  his  forces 
in  the  northern   part  of  Chateau  Thierry. 

June  11 — The  2nd  division  continued  its  ad- 
vance in  the  Bois  de  Belleau,  capturing  more 
prisoners  and  machine  guns  and  two  77  milli- 
meter fieldpieces.  Our  aviators  executed  their 
first  bombing  raid,  dropping  numerous  bombs 
on  the  railway  station  at  Dommary-Baran- 
court.  northwest  of  Metz.  All  of  our  planes 
returned  in  safety.  The  artillery  of  the  2nd 
division  shelled  the  enemy  in  their  areas,  pre- 
venting concentration  near  Torcy.  Monthiers. 
Hill  128  and  La  Gonetrie  farm.  It  discovered 
and   dispersed  a  group   of  210  machine  guns  in 


•od  south  of  Eircpilly.  The  Jnd  division 
.-d  ihc  last  of  the  German  positions  in 
ois  de  Belleau,  taking  fifty  prisoners, 
le  guns  and  trench  mortars. 
-French  and  American  troops  advanced 
heavy  storm  on   the  fi^nt 


between  Soissons 
greatest  advance 
the  sector,  whert 
attained,    and    w€ 


lid  Chateau  Thierry.  The 
s  in  the  northern  part  of 
I    depth    of    five    miles    was 


highways 

July  24— The  advance  of  the  Franco  Amer- 
ican forces  continued  and  in  the  evening  the 
line  ran  east  of  iiuzancy  la  Tigny,  to  Har- 
lennes.  Grand  Rozoy.  Ouichy-Ie-Chateau  Armen- 
tieres.  Coincy,  Courpoil,  and  then  joined  the  old 
line  at  Jaulgonne.  West  of  Reims.  Marfaux 
was  retaken  and  the  line  ran  from  Aubilly, 
through  Mezy,  and  joined  the  old  line  at 
Coulommcs. 

July  25 — The  line  ran  from  the  Ourcq  to  the 
Marne,  where  the  allied  troops  advanced  six 
kilometers  in  the  center  and  three  to  four 
kilon  eters  on  the  flanks.  The  line  in  the  eve- 
ning ran  from  Armentieres  to  Bruyeres,  the 
eastern  edge  of  the  Bois  de  la  Tournelle,  the 
eastern  edge  of  Beuvardes,  the  eastern  edge  of 
Le  Charnel,  the  crossroads  at  Gros  Chene,  La 
Boulangere,     the     northern     edge     of     Treloup, 


Chasi 

July  2C 

Hill 


-The 


Notr 


advanced  oi 
July  2/— The 


the     French 


lisere,  Hill 
de  la  Tour 
fighting   coi 


;    Dame, 

),  south- 
le.  Hill 
nued  all 
steadily 


division  tried  to  cross  the 
driven  back  by  heavy  artil- 
lery   fire. 

July  28— The  42nd  division  renewed  the  assault, 
crossed  the  river  and  after  vigorous  fighting 
took  Seringes-et-Nesles.Nesles  and  Sergy.  The 
28th  division  held  the  line  about  one  kilometer 
north  of  the  Ourcq.  During  the  day  slow 
progress  was  made,  the  enemy  slowly  falling 
back  after  bitter  rear  guard  action. 

July  29 — Franco-American  troops  advanced  three 
kilometers  from  Oulchy  to  Villers  Agron  and 
Bougneux,  Saponay.  Seringes,  Nesles  and  Clerges 
were  included  within   our  lines. 

July  30 — Our  pressure  continued  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Ourcq.  The  railioad  station  at 
Fere  and  Cayenne  farm  remained  in  our  pos- 
session. We  lost  Seringes-et-Nesles,  but  re- 
occupied  Sergy,  Hill  312  and  the  woods  eight 
kilometers  north   of  Ronchercs. 

luly  31— The  28th  division  retook  Seringes- 
et-Nesles.  The  32nd  division  attacked  in  Crim- 
pettes  woods  with  success:  the  woods  were 
taken,  and  troops  advanced  to  Cierges.  Ger- 
man counterattacks  were  brilliantly  repulsed  with 
the  bayonet,  and  an  immense  amount  of  ma- 
terial and  equipn^cnt  was  taken  from  the  enemy. 

.\ug.  3— After  continuous  fighting  late  in  the 
evening  Soissons  was  taken,  and  a  line  ex- 
tending along  the  Vesle  to  between  Braisne 
and  Bazochcs  was  being  consolidated.  South 
of  the  .\isue  our  troops  drove  back  the  enemy 
rear  guard  Acting  with  the  4th  division,  the 
32nd  division  reached  a  line  from  Ville  Savoye 
to   a   point   just    north   of   St.    Gilles. 

Aug.  4 — A  large  enemy  patrol  attacked  in 
the  vicinity  of  Coulees,  but  was  driven  off 
by  a  combat  group  of  the  5th  division,  which 
had  been  re-enforced.  Our  troops  were  very 
active  in  patrolling,  having  sent  out  over 
seven  reconnoissance,  combat  and  ambush  pa- 
trols. The  32nd  division  took  Fismes.  In  an 
eight-day  battle  this  division  forced  the  pas- 
sage of  the  Ourcq,  took  prisoners  from  six 
enemy  divisions,  met,  routed  and  decimated  a 
crack    division    of    the    Prussian    guards,    a    Ba- 


varian    division    and    i 
and    drove    the    enc.t 

ug.°r^The      28ih      di 
tack     the     objective     < 
bank    of    the    Vesle. 
exceedingly    heavy    ni 
fire.  .   On     the.  right 

way    which    runs   fron 
the     left     the     advanc 

jne    other    em 
ly    line    back 

"  for    sixteen 

vision      launched      an      at- 
>f     which     was     the     north 
The    attack    was    met    by 
achine    gun    and    artillery 
our    troops    succeeded    in 
id    advancing    to    the    high 
1    Reims   to    Soissons.      On 
:e     was     held     up     by     the 

fin 

.\ug.  /--The  units  on  the  left  advanced  across 
the  river  and  occupied  the  railroad  lines  on 
the  north  bank.  The  casualties  resulting  from 
this  operation  were  considerable.  A  violent 
enemy  counterattack  was  completely  repulsed 
and  a  number  of  prisoners  and  machine  guns 
were  left  in  our  hands. 

Aug.  8 — As  a  result  of  successful  operations  on 
the  e\-cning  of  Aug.  8,  eleven  companies  of 
infantry  and  some  machine  «un  attachments  of 
the  28th  division  reached  the  north  bank  of 
the  Vesle. 

Aug.  10— The  28th  division  launched  an  at- 
tack in  Fismette.  A  creeping  barrage  moved 
ahead  of  them.  They  made  some  progress, 
but  were  soon  exposed  to  flanking  fire  from 
both  the  cast  and  the  west  and  were  forced  to 
fall  back  into  Fismette.  The  position  here 
was  very  difficult.  Flanking  machine  gun  fire 
came  from  both  sides  and  heavy  casualties 
were  reported.  A  box  barrage  was  placed 
around  the  town  and  amirunition  was  sent  up. 
The     town     was    held     by     one     battalion,     with 


one  machine  gun  platoon,  which  received  or- 
ders  to   hold    the   position    at    all   costs. 

.\ug.  17 — .\fter  strong  artillery  preparation  the 
infantry  of  the  5th  division  captured  the  vil- 
lage of  Frapelle  and  consolidated  the  lines  north 
of  the  road  running  into  the  town  from  the 
southeast. 

Aug.  19 — The  enemy  continued  shelling  Frapelle 
positions  and  the  artillery  of  the  5th  division 
replied  actively. 

Aug.  21— The  5th  division  repulsed  hosiile  at- 
tack    with     heavy     loss     to     thv     iTi.nu      ami     with 

no   casualties   to    ourselves.       ilw     '-n-I    .1i\i-l 

acting  with  the  10th  Freiu  h  ...hin.  ilx  hi.  ,  ,1 
to  and  held  Juvigny.  The  ;7il.  d,^,-lnn  ,l,aii.l 
the  small  wood  between  the  \'r-l.  .ui<l  ih'  rail- 
road west  of  Chateau  du  Diable. 

Sept.  3 — During  the  five  days  prior  to  Sept.  3 
the  32d  division  made  daily  advances  through 
very  difficult  terrain  and  against  violent  oppo- 
sition. It  captured  eleven  officers  and  920  en- 
listed men.  A  large  amount  of  guns  and  ammu- 
nition was  captured.  A  patrol  of  the  77th  di- 
vision  penetrated  to   Bazoches. 

Sept.  5 — French  and  American  units  advanced  in 
the  Oise-Reims  area  as  far  as  Conde.  Strong 
patrols  of  the  77th  division  were  pushed  forward 
north  of  the  Vesle  and  were  encountered  by  ma- 
chine gun  resistance.  Our  casualties  were 
slii-ht.  The  28th  division  crossed  the  Vesle  in 
force  and  pursued  the  enemy  to   the  north. 

Sept.  6 — The  artillery  of  the  28th  division  directed 
harassing  and  destructive  fire  on  the  Aisne 
bridges,    while    the    enemy   harassed    the    villages 

Las  "shclir^"^    ^'^^^*'    "^'"^    "    ^"^^^     "'""' 
Sept.    7— The    28th    division    repul.sed    two    enemy 
counterattacks.       The    77th    division    drove    the 
enemy  out  of  La  Cendiere  farm  and  passed  the 

Sept.  12 — .\fter  four  hours'  bombardment  our 
troops  advanced  on  the  south  and  west  flanks 
of  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  at  5  a.  m.  By  7:30 
a.  m.  the  forces  operating  on  the  south  had 
reached  the  southern  edge  of  the  Bois  Tuli,  the 
Ouart  dc  K.serve.  and  the  northern  edge  of 
til.  I'-i-  I  Mill  Mare  By  noon  they  had 
.....  I  I..1    Vieville    and    the    army    op- 

.11'.  :iii..ult   ground  in   the    west   had 


nt   advanced   fiv 


at   Cllanipey. 

Sept.     17 — American     troops 
Moselle   withtin   300   yards 

Sept.  18— The  26th  division  made  two  raids  dur- 
ing the  night.  One  against  St.  Hilaire  was 
.without  result,  as  the  eneir.y  had  retired;  the 
other  against  the  Bois  de  Warville  resulted  in 
the    capture    of    fifteen    prisoners. 

Sept.  19 — The  92d  division  repulsed  an  attempted 
enemy   raid  on    the  St.    Die  sector. 

Sept.  20— The  92d  division  repulsed  two  enemy 
raids  in  the   region   of  Lesseux. 

Sept.  26— The  1st  army  attacked  northwest  of 
V'erdun  on  a  front  of  twenty  miles  and  pene- 
trated to  an  average  depth  of  seven  miles. 

Sept.  27— The  107th  regiment  of  the  27th  di 


I— The 


fron 


iif    4.000 


d    about     se 
guns. 


Paguy. 


tacked   east   of   Bellicourt   and 
Sept.  20 — In  the 


lined    its  ob- 


Aire     valley,     with     very     heavy     losses     to     the 

Oct.  3 — The  2nH  division,  operating  with  the  4th 
French    arniv.    made    an    advance    of    two    kilo. 

111.  I    .    ,   1.  ..  liii..    Miileah  farm  in  the  afternoon. 
Ill    I  i'k-   2d   diviison  advanced  about 

i!n       1  .11.1  their  line  ran  from  Mcdcah 

I 1.."!!   the   road   to    Blanc    Mont. 

w>-rc    cstlrnalcd    at" 500.''"'"'"'""* 

Oct.  4— The  1st  division  attacked  on  both  sides 
of  Exermont  and  made  progress  in  spite  of 
.  .strong  opposition  from  the  enemy,  who  re- 
sisted with  machine  guns  in  organized  opposi- 
tion. Approximately  300  prisoners  were  taken 
and  our  casualties  were  1,500. 

Oct.  5— The  1st  division  captured  Arietal  farm 
and  the  line  was  advanced  400  yards  beyond. 
The  6th  division  repulsed  a  larger  enemy  raid 
on   Sondernach. 

Oct.  7— A  brigade  of  th 
seven  kilometers,  occui . 
Chatel  Chchcry;  forty-six  prisoners  were  cap- 
tured, including  one  oflicer.  Our  casualties 
were  light.  Later  the  enemy  counterattacked 
and  reoccupicd  Hill  223,  north  of  Chaiel 
Chehery. 

Oct.  8— The  59th  brigade  of  the  30th  division  at- 
tacked at  5  a.  m.  over  a  front  of  5.000  yards, 
gained  all  first  objectives  by  9  a.  m.  and  second 
ohicctives  by  noon.  Fifty  officers,  1.500  men  and 
four   101   millimeter  guns  were  taken. 

357 


nd   thii 

Oct.   9 — In    spite   of    strong    resi: 

vi.sion  advanced  in  the  sector  east  of  Fleville 
and  captured  230  prisoners.  The  33d  division, 
operating  with  the  17th  French  army  corps,  at- 
tacked early  in  tthc  morning  north  of  Consen- 
voye  and  reached  its  final  objective  about  9  a. 
m.     About   650  prisoners  were  taken. 

Oct.  10 — The  1st  corps  reached  Cornay-LaBesogne 
ridge  and  passed  Malassise  farm,  east  of  Grand 
Ham.  The  60th  brigade  of  the  30th  division 
advanced  six  kilometers,  reaching  the  Sclle 
and    held    the    St.    Bemn-St.    Souplet-La 


Up 


ling    of 


the  9th,  fifty  oflicers,    1,800   men   and  thirty-l 

Oct.  12 — The  4th  division  repulsed  two  counter- 
attacks by  machine  gun  fire,  with  .severe  loss 
.  to  the  enemy. 

Oct.  13— .\n  attack  on  Grandpre  this  morning 
met  very  heavy  machine  gun  fire  and  troops  of 
the  2d  corps  were  finally  forced  to  retire  -south 
of  the  Aire.  A  hostile  counter-attack  at  8  p.  m. 
south  of  Landres-et-St.  Georurs  was  reiiulsed. 
The    81st    diviH.Mi    r.  puis,.. I    an    .n.nn     r.ii.l    iii    .S,. 

Die   sector.      Tl,,    ::,],    .1, ,,.,..„    i...;k    i  ,i- .n.h.ic 

Oct.  17— The  J'.ih  .liM-i..,!  ..,K„n..-.l  ...  111.  -1,11  imt 
of  Bois  <h-  la  I, ,.,,,. I.  ,M.„ua,.u,  v.i-l  .,1  the 
Meuse.  The  -IJ.I  ,lni-..i,i  i.,..k  C.ti'  .1.  niaiilluti. 
The  2d  battalion  of  the  7i.th  dii'ision  reached 
the  northern  edge  of  Bois  des  Logos,  west  of 
Champigneulle.  In  an  attack  on  a  4,0000  yard 
front    from    St     Souplet    to    Molain    our    troops 


adv 


2,500. 
md    British 
King  Albert 


Os- 


till...  Am.  M.  II.  i.iku  Cote  Chatillon;  British 
and  Kr^utli  advance  nine  mile^  northeast  of 
Bohain. 
)ct.  19— The  30th  division  attacked  with  the 
British  at  dawn  and  advanced  2,000  yards.  Pris- 
oners captuied  since  the  morning  of  the  17th 
totaled  forty-four  officers  and  oved  1,500  men. 
The  7Sth  division  pushed  its  lines  forward  to 
Bellejoyeuse  farm  and  began  to  mop  up  the 
Bois  des  Loges.  Belgian  flags  fly  over  every 
town  on  the  Belgian  coast:  French  occupy  and 
pass  beyond  Thiclt;  French  drive  on  Guise: 
Lille  evacuated   hy  the  Germans  and  entered  by 

''^'     -'"!".   ■■'"acks   on    the    Bois   des    Rappes   the 

.Stii  ili\isi(iii  met  with  stubborn  resistance  by 
ina.lni.  mills,  supported  by  artillery  and  in- 
t  .III'  111..  It  captured  the  entire  posiliim  with 
i."  ;.ii  iiu-i>.  including  five  officers.  .\n  ■  m-- 
n.\  ^  ..nniirattack.  supported  by  heavv  artillerv 
t.i.,  «.i-  1  •■.nl....-.l  with  heavv  losses.'  Ihc  5lil 
and    .id    dn.-i..,i-    i,...k     11.11    J'i7    and    Hois    des 


.1  ih.  Ill  ..ii.>  reached  the  ridge 
illaKr    <,1    llantheville,    taking    171 

29th  division  captured  the  ridge 
'C-s  and   Hill   361. 

French   and   Italian   troops  begin 


farm,,  northeast  of  Grandpre,  and  found  it  un- 
occupied. The  occupation  of  tlie  right  of  way 
northwest  of  Grandpre  was  completed.  Gen- 
eral Lundendorflf  resigns  as  first  quartermaster- 
genera!  of  German  army:  French  gain  five  miles 
on  Serre  front  and  take  ten  towns;  Italian 
forces  cross  the  Piave  and  take  9,000  .Austrians 
and  fifty-one  guns. 

Oct.  2.S  -.\n>tiia  airain  ur^jently  a.sks  for  peace; 
Fun.  !i  ...ntinn.  Iiivc  beyond  the  Oise;  Gcr- 
ni..ii    ...111, .1.1     I    •i.,ii    moves    from    Brussels 

Oct.   .">      All. ..I    I..1..  .   in  Italy  capture  Conegliano 

fi\'    mil.-    11 ill.    Piave  and  push  on  along  a 

fr,.nt  ..1  .Ini->  .x  n  miles:  Rhine  Germans  in 
wild  fliiihl;   (li.'rui>ti('ii  in  Austria-Hungarian  pro- 

Oct.  30— On  Oct.  30  patrols  were  active  along 
the  entire  front  of  the  28th  division.  The  33d 
division,  in  the  north  of  Grandpre,  advanced  its 
lines  and  occupied  the  Bellejoyeuse  farm.  On 
Oct.  30  2,000  high  explosives  and  gun  shells 
fell  in  the  vicini'ty  of  Fresnes.  One  of  the 
divisional  patrols  captured  five  prisoners.  New 
Germr.n  note  seeks  to  hasten  decision  on  armis- 
tice terms;  Czechs  take  over  rule  of  Prague; 
Italians  capture  Vittorio  and  drive  the  Aus- 
trians  back  along  the  Piave  from  the  mountains 
to  the  sea;  taking  jf  33,000  Austrians  in  drive 
announced. 

Oct.  31 — Turkey  makes  full  surrender:  Austrian 
collapse  un  Italian  front;  troops  abandon  every- 
thing in  wild  flight  to  escape:  General  Pershing's 


Jov.  1 — The  troops  of  the  1st  army  captured 
Clcry-le-Grand.  North  of  Ancreville  they  took 
fifty-three    additional    prisoners    and    continued 


their  advance  into  [he  Bois  de  Banlheville.  Dur- 
ing the  night  of  Nov.  1-2  the  troops  of  the  37th 
division  consolidated  their  positions  and  effected 
a  crossing  of  the  River  Scheldt,  confronted  by 
ejicmy  machine  gun  and  rifle  hre.  The  91st  di- 
vision, supported  by  artillery  and  machine  gun 
tire,  rapidly  advanced  over  six  kilometers  in  spite 
of  enemy  artillery  and  machine  gun  fire.  The 
enetry  was  driven  from  the  west  bank  of  the 
Scheldt  and  at  noon  the  heights  northwest  of 
Audenarde  were  taken.  Armistice  terms  given 
10  Austria;  British  get  grip  on  Valenciennes; 
allies  in  Belgium  take  nineteen  towns  and  gain 
ten  miles. 

S'ov.  2- -On  the  evening  of  Nov.  2  the  troops  of 
the  78th  division  drove  the  enemy  from  the  Bois 
des  Loges  and  closely  followed  his  retreat. 
The  92d  division,  in  spite  of  rnacl 
•distance,  pushed  forward  and  advan 
three  kilometers. 

■Cov.  3— The  <31st  division,  in  spite  of  active  ma- 
chine gun  resistance,  forced  its  way  toward  the 
bank  of  the  Scheldt  in  the  vicinity  of  Eyne. 
Italians  capture  Trent  and  Udine;  whole  Aus- 
trian tront  smashed:  German  forces  east  of  the 
Meuse  in  full  retreat. 

■Jov.  4 — On  Nov.  4  a  brigade  of  the  79th  division 
attacked  an  enemy  sector,  taking  eighty-one 
prisoners  and  eight  machine  guns,  encountering 
>!rong  resistance  and  repulsing  several  coun- 
terattacks. Austria  makes  complete  surrender; 
British  in  advance  between  the  Scheldt  and 
the  Oise-Sambre  canal  and  with  the  French  co- 
operating  take    -0,000    prisoners   and    20(1    guns. 

s'ov.  5 — On  Nov.  5  the  troops  of  the  77th  division 
engaged    in    severe    fighting,    overcoming    strong 

artillery  was  active,  firing  on  the  enemy's  re- 
treating  columns.      Harassing   artillery    fire    was 

both    sides.       The    enemy    flew    over    our    front 


of 


and  thousands  of  prisoners;  French  take 
and  Marie;  allied  troops  on  three  sides  of 
Ghent. 
Nov.  6 — Our  troops  of  the  1st  corps  continued 
their  successful  advance,  forcing  the  enemy  to 
retire.  The  towns  of  Flabas,  Rancours,  Harau- 
court  and  Autrecourt  were  taken  and  patrols 
pushed  on  as  far  as  the  Meuse.  Large  quan- 
of  material   were   captured   during  the  ad- 


cked 


Following    heavy    bombardnie 
divisions,  the  troops  of  the   5th  dii 


the 


stance,  capturmg  Liondevant-Dun,  Murvaux, 
Fontaine  and  Vilosnes-sur-Meuse,  taking  more 
than  250  prisoners.  French  win  on  100-mile 
front,  taking  Vervins.  Montcornet  and  Rethel; 
cross  the  Meuse  river;  Germans  give  up  Ghent; 
Germans  seeking  truce  reach  French  lines- 
iov.  7 — The  troops  of  the  2d  division  cleared  the 
west     bank     of    the     Meuse     of     the     remaining 


th    dii 


ity 


upported  by 
.,.,  11,  ^,  ^uii>ii>ut.vj  ,1=  duvance  despite  luc 
enemy's  continued  resistance,  principally  with 
machine  guns.  Most  of  the  artillery  crossed 
to  the  east  bank  of  the  Meuse,  following  in 
support  of  the  infantry.  Additional  prisoners 
were  taken,  including  two  officers  and  132  men. 
Passage  of  German  peace  envoys  to  French 
headquarters  arranged;  allied  armies  drive  along 

liov.  8 — The  patrols  of  the  2d  division  crossed 
the  Meuse  south  of  Mouzon.  The  troops  of  the 
33d  division,  aided  by  barrage  fire,  carried  out 
a  successful  raid  on  Chateau  Aulnois,  captur- 
ing one  officer  and  twenty-two  men.  Strong 
combat  patrols  were  sent  out  from  the  lines  of 
the  92d  division  (colored).  Prisoners  were  cap- 
tured and  casualties  inflicted  on  the  enemy. 
German  plenipotentiaries  arrive  at  Marshal  Foch's 
headquarters  and  are  given  armistice  terms  fixed 
by  allied  war  council  with  time  limit  for  ac- 
ceptance fixed  for  U  o'clock  Monday  morning. 
Nov.  II;  German  socialists  demand  abdication 
of  Emperor  William;  revolution  in  Berlin;  Ba- 
varia deposes  king  and  proclaims  a  republic. 

Jov.  9— On  midnight  of  Nov.  9  the  patrols  of 
the  5th  division  drove  back  the  enemy,  inflicting 
many  casualties  and  capturing  six  prisoners.  The 
troops  consolulated  and.  despite  stubborn  re- 
sistance, principally  from  machine  guns,  drove 
the  enemy  from  Bois  du  Canol  and  La  Sentinelle 
and  captured  Brandpvillr  In  ih,  -i  ..[.erations 
fnrly-sven  prisoners,   1  .•     „,;,,  Inn,    ,.„n-  and  other 


the    33d 


42d  and  units  of  the  1st  seized  the  heights  south 
of  Sedan.  Chancellor  Prince  Maximilian  of 
Germany  announces  that  kaiser  and  crown  prince 
have  decided  to  renounce  the  throne;  Deputy 
tberi  made  imperial  chancellor. 

lov.  10— The  33d  division  carried  out  a  success- 
ful raid  on  Marcheville,  occupying  the  town  and 
taking  eighty  prisoners,  including  three  officers;. 
Strong  patrols  from  the  line  engaged  in  sharp 
fighting.  The  37th  division,  operating  with  the 
34th    French    army  corps,    attacked    in    order    to 

force    a    crossing    of    the    Scheldt.       Violent    en- 


gs.    In  the  fac 

tillery  fire. 

ps  advance 
meters.  The  90th  division  advanced 
Baalon,  encountering  no  resistance.  T 
reached  Bois  Frehaut  and  captured  71 
oners.      Emperor   William   takes   refuge    i 


5th    dii 
eighteei 


large  caliber  g 
liderable  materiaC 
cordance  with  the  terms  of  the  armist 
tilities  on  the  front  of  the  American 
ceased  at  II  a.  m.  German  envoys  sigi 
tice    terms    and    fighting   ceases    at    11    a. 


Nov.  12  — Abdicati 
nounced  in  Austr 
dent   Wilson   to  st 


of 


Emperor  Charles 
nany  appeals  to  Pi 
e  negotiations  at  oi 


Gen 
Ghe 

Nov. 


on    Gallipoli 
ov.    15— Repr 


mv   abdi 
18— Pre: 


Hied  fleet 
oI™\Vars; 


for  Europe  to  take  part 
settlement  ol  the  main  features  of  the 
of  peace;  Germans  fear  bolshevism;  G 
ships  sail  tn  surrender;  allies  fight  bolshev 


mburgers  acclaim  American  troops;  Kolcbak 
lade  dictator  at  Omsk;  British  cavalry  ride 
ver  old  field  of  Waterloo. 

V.  22— William  G.  McAdoo  resigns  as  secretary 
f  the  treasury  and  director-general  of  raif- 
oads;  the  former  crown  prince  of  Germany 
fuge     in     Holland;     General     Castelnau 


ief  to  man: 

y  toi 

vns;  food 

suDplie 

s  sent 

from   the 

3  northern 

Franc 

"e.   Beig 

Austria:     G 

eneral    Petain 

and 

French 

nter   Metz 

;    Ki 

ng  Albert 

Antwe 

V.    20— Am 

.n    3d    arn 

ly   ent< 

!rs    Lu, 

cemburg; 

Jkrainian 

rned; 

Germans 

lake    first 

surrender    of 

twenty 

subms 

larwich.   E 

ngia. 

nd. 

i-.    21— Ger 

of  high 

take: 


rs  Coin 


Holland ; 
army    of 


-More  German  submarines  surrendered 
allies  for  internment;  clashes  between 
and    gove 


ike  place  in    Berlin;    King   Albe 

n   .meTsBr.^ 

ds:    French   soldiers   enter   Stra; 

.sburg. 

•.    25— Marshal    Foch    with    Gen. 

sraj    Guillaumat 

id  General   Godrand  enters  Sir; 

issburg;    bolshe- 

k  Soviets  try  to  take   governmi 

:nt    from   Ebert 

ov.  26 — Allies  prepare  to  make  der 
Holland  for  surrender  of  the  formi 
of  Germany:  General  Ludendoiflf  goes 
ov.    27 — Names   of   American    delegate 


Nov.  28— Vienna  plans  to  try  m. 
Liebknecht     group     of 
d  in   Berlin. 
Nov.    29 — Many    strikes    take    pi 


groun 

"  ny 
allies    ask    Herbert 
distribution    in    Eurt 
says   William    II.    was    to    blanu     i 
Germany  asks  for  and  gets  form.il  , 
Japan   names    delega 


Premi. 


^l^^: 


iference 
30— Ge 


Marshal 
garian  g 

Paris  and  Versailles 


man   border  towns  hostile   to   Ameri- 
of    occupation;    interment    of    Field 
1  Mackensen's  army  ordered  by  Hun- 
peace  conference  to  be  held 
lie 


Dec.  „  „_.._ 

of  German  atrocities  in  Belgium;  America 
army  of  occupation  enters  Treves.  German] 
Premier  Clemenceau,  Marshal  Foch.  Premi< 
Orlando  and  Foreign  Minister  Sonnino  arri\ 
in  London  for  conference  with  British  leader: 
Mauretania  arivcs  at  New  York  with  more  tha 
4.000  returning  American  soldiers. 

Dec.  2— President  Wilson  delivers  annual  me 
sage  to  congress  and  tells  of  his  decision  1 
peace   conference;    allies   delay   action    o 


fais'e"r 


American   delegate 

■onference  in   London. 
President  Wilson   and  party  leave  Wash- 
late  at   night    for    New    York. 


President    Wilsor 

ton   for  France. 
Ice.  5 — Premier  Clemenceau  on  return  from   Lon 

don    conference    says    there    is    complete    agree 

ment  between  the  allies, 
lee.    6 — Belgian    troops    occupy    Dusseldorff.    Ger 

'ec.  7 — German  soldiers  stand  by  Ebert  govern 
ment:  British  to  demand  $40,000,000,000  in 
demnity  from    Ger.Tiany. 


BIG   BATTLES   OF  THE  WAR 

Aisne.  battle  of.  began — Sept.   14.   1914. 
Aisne  caverns,  battle  of — Oct.  23,   1917. 
Allenstein,    battle    of — Sept.    1.    1914. 
Ancre,    battle   of.    began — Nov.    13.    1916. 
Antwerp,  capture  of,  by  Germans — Oct.  9-10,  1914. 
Argesu,    battle    of — Dec.    3,    1916. 
Arras,  battle   of,   began— April   9.    1917. 
Artois,   fighting  in   the — Sept.   2o-0ct.   2,    1915. 
Bagdad  captured  by   Briti.sh— March    II,   1917. 
Bainsizza  plateau  taken  by  Italians,  Aug.  25,   1917; 

recaptured   by  Austrians  and  Germans,  Oct.   25, 

1917. 
Bapaume    captured    by    British — March    17,    1917; 

lost  to  Germans  March  24,   1918;   recaptured  by 

British    Aug.    29.    1918. 
Beersheba  captured   by    British— Oct.   31.    1917. 
Belgrade     occupied    by    .Austrians — Dec.     2,     1914; 

recaptured    by    Serbians.    Dec.    14,    1915;    taken 

by   Germans   and   Austrians,   Oct.   9-10.    1916. 
Belloy   en    Senterre.   battle   of— July  4,    1916. 
Brest-Litovsk  captured  by  Germans — Aug.  25,  1915. 
Bruges  occupied  by   Germans — Oct.    14.  1914. 
Brussels  occupied  by  Germans— Aug.  20,  1914. 
Bukharest  captured  by  Germans — Dec.   6.   1916. 
Bullecourt    taken    by    Australians — May    12,    1917. 
Cambrai,  battle  of— Nov.  21,  1917;  Oct.  9.  1918. 
Caporetto.    battle    of — Oct.    24,    1917. 
Carso    plateau,    battle   of— May   23-24,    1917. 
Cetinje  captured  by  Austrians— Jan.   12,   1916. 
Champagne,  battle  of  the— Sept.  25-30,   1915. 
Chateau    Thierry,    battle   of — July    IS,    1918. 
Combles    captured    by    French    and    British — Sept. 

Constanza  captured  by  Germans— Oct.  23,  1916. 

Courcelette  captured  by  British — Sept.   15.   1916. 

Craonne.  battle  of— Jan.  25-27.  1915;  village  re- 
captured by   French.   May   4.    1917. 

Ctesiphon  captured  by  British— March  8.   1917. 

Czernowitz  captured   by    Russians — June    18.    1916. 

Dardanelles  campaign  begun — Nov.  3,  1914;  ended 
Jan.   9,   1916. 

Dardanelles  forts,  bombardment  of,  begun — Feb. 
19,    1915. 

Dogger  bank  British   naval   victory — Jan.   24,   1915. 

Douaumont  fort,  captured  by  Germans — Feb.  26, 
1916;    recaptured  by   French,   Oct.   21,   1916 

Dubno  captured  by   Russians— June  11,   1916. 

Dunajec,  battle  of  the— May   1,    1915. 

Erzerum  captured  by   Russians — Feb.    15,    1916. 

Erzingan  captured   by   Russians— July  25,   1916. 

Falkland  islands,  naval  battle  of — Dec.  8,  1914. 

Fcstubert.  battle  of— May  16-17,  1915. 

Flers  captured   by   British— Sept.    15,    1916. 

Fleury.    battles    of— July    U-Aug.    17,    1916. 

Fiorina  taken   by   Serbs— Aug.    18,    1916. 

Fresnoy  captured  hv   Canadians — May  3,   1917. 

Gallipoli,  allies  land  at— April  22.  1915.  evacu- 
ated   by    British   Jan.    9,    1916. 

Gaza,  battle  of— March  26-27.  1917. 

Gcudecourt  captured  by  British— Sept.  26,  1916. 

Gheluvelt,  battle  of— Oct.   31.   1914. 

Ghent  captured  by  Germans— Oct.   12.   1914. 

Givenchy,    battle   of — Dec.    19-21,    1914. 

Goritz  captured  by  Italians — Aug.  9.  1916;  re- 
captured by  Austro-Germans.  Oct.   28.   1917. 

Grandcourt  captured  by  British— Feb.  7.  1917. 

Guillemont  captured  by  allies — Sept   3.    1916. 

Helgoland,    naval   battle   of— Aug.   28.    1914. 

Hermannstadt.  battle  of— Sept.   30,   1916. 

Hill  70   (near  Lens)   captured— Aug.   15,   1917. 

Hindenburg   retreat   began — Aug.    15,    1917. 

Hooge,   battle   of — Aug.   3-9.   1915. 

Huloch.   battle   of— Sept.   25-Oct.   2.    1915. 

Jaffa  captured  by   British — Nov.   18.   1917. 

Jericho  captured- Feb.    21.   1918. 

Jerusalem   captured  by    British — Dec.   9,   1917.  ' 

Jutland,    naval    battle    of    (Skagcr-Rak)— May    31, 

Kemmel  hill  taken  bv  Germans — April  26,  1918. 
Kitchener.   Lord,   lost   at   sea — June   5,    1916. 

Kovno  captured  by   Germans — Aug.    17,    1915. 

Kronstadt  captured  by  Roumanians — Aug.  30,  1916; 
recaptured  by  Germans,  Oct.  8.  1916. 

Kut-el-Amara,  surrender  of  British  force  at— April 
29.    1916;    recaptured.    Feb.    22-26.    1917. 

La   Bassee,   battle  of— Jan.   25-28,   1915. 

Le  Cateau,  battle  of— Auff.  26,  1914;  Oct.  19,  1918. 

Lemberg  taken  by  Russians — Sept.  2,  1914;  re- 
captured by  Germans,  June  22,   1915. 

Les  Ba;ufs  captured  by  British — Sept.  25,  1916. 

Libau   occupied   by    Germans — May    8,    1915. 

Liege  captured  by  Germans — Aug.   5-8,    1914. 

Longueval   taken  by  British— July   14,   1916. 

Loos,  battle  of— Sept.   25   to   Oct.  8,   1915. 

Louvain    burned— Aug.    26,    1914. 

Lublin  captured  by  Germans— July  31,    1915. 

Marne,  battle  of — Sept.  6-U;  second  battle  of, 
July  15.   1918. 

Martinpuich   captured   by    British — Sept.    15.    1916. 

Maubeuge  captured  by  Germans — Sept.   7,    1914. 

Maurepas  captured  bv  French — Aug.  24.  1916. 

Meiiin   road,  battle   of— Oct.   4,    1917. 


Messines  ridge  taken  by  British — June  7,   r)I7. 
-Meuse-Argonne,    battle    of— Sept.    2b.    Oct.    4    and 

Nov.    1,    1918. 
Monastir   captured    by    Bulgarians — Dec.    2,    1915; 

by  allies,   Nov.   19.  1916. 
Monchy  le  Prcux.  battle  of— April  23-25.   1917. 
Monfalcone  occupied  by  Italian!;— June  9.  1915. 
Moms,   battle   of— Aug.    21-23.    1914. 
Monte    Santo    taken    by    Italians— Aug.    24,    1917; 

recaptured  by   Austrians  and  Germans,  Oct.   28. 

1917. 
Morval   captured  by   British— Sept.   25.   1916. 
N'euve  Chapellc,   battle  of— March   10-12.   1915. 
Nish   captured   by   Bulgarians — Nov.    5.    1915. 
Novo   Georgievsk   captured  by   Germans — Aug.    19, 

1915. 
Orsova  captured  by  Germans — Nov.  24.  1916. 
Oslend  occupied  by  Germans — Oct.   15.   1914. 

captured  by  allies— March    18,    1917;    lost 


captured  by   French — Sept. 


1916 


Pozieres  captured   by    British — Aug.   9,    1916. 
I'isrend    captured    by    Bulgarians— Nov.    30,    1915. 
Przemysl,  siege  and  capture  of  by  Russians — Sept. 


Salonil 
Scutari 


Termo 
Thicp\ 
Tolmii 
Torcy, 


urg.  battle   of— May  9-24,   1915. 
aillisel   taken  by  French— Oct.   18,   191i 
,.   battle  oi— Dec.  9,   1914. 
in.  battle  of— Oct.   14,   1918. 
iel.   battle  of— Sept.    12,    1918. 
,  allies  land  at— Oct.  5,   1915. 
captured  by  Austrians — Jan.    23,    191( 
invasion    of,   begun — Oct.    7,    1915. 
captured  by  Germans — Sept.  10,  1916 
r-Rak,    naval   battle   of— May   31,    1916. 
)ns,    first    battle    of— Sept.    IS,    1914;    se 
:le  of,  Jan.   8-12,    1915:   lost  by   French, 
1918;    recaptured   by    French,   Aug.    2, 
le.  battle  of.  began— July   1.   1916. 
;lau  captured  by  Russians — Aug.   11,  191 
canal,  battle  near— Feb.  2.  1915. 
Miberg,   battle   of— Aug.    26,    1914. 
ipal,  battle  of— Sept.  8,  1915. 
ande  destroyed — Sept.    18,   1914. 
al  captured  by   British — Sept.   26.   1916 
a   occupied  by   Italians— July   3,    1915. 
battle  of— July  18,  1918. 


May 

918. 


Tutrakan  captured  by  Germans— Sept.  7,  1916. 
Udine  captured   by   Austrians  and   Germans — Oct. 

30,    1917. 
Uskup  captured  by  Bulgarians — Oct.  24,  1915. 
Vaux.  battle  of- July  1.   1918. 

Vaux.   port,  recaptured  by   French — Nov.   3,    1916. 
Verdun,  German  attacks  on,  began— Feb.  22,  1916. 
Vermandovillers  taken  by  French — Sept.   17,   1915. 
Vilna   captured   by    Germans — Sept.    18,    1915. 
Vimy  ridge  captured  by  Canadians — April  9,  1917. 
Warsaw   captured  by   Gernians — Aug.   4,   1915. 
Wvtschaete  captured  by  British— June  7,  1917. 
Vpres,    first    battle    of— Oct.    20-31.    1914;    second 

battle    of,    April    22-24,    1915;     third    battle    of. 

July   3U-Aug.   2,    1917. 
Yser   canal,    battles   along— Oct.    20-28,    1914. 
Zeebrugge.   and   Oslend   blocked    by    British— .\pril 


May  9.  I91f 


VERMILION  COUNTY 

HER  HONORED  DEAD 


Lieutenant    Colonel    Curtis    Redden— Da 
Robt.    Donaldson— Danville,   III. 
Robt.    P.    Donaldson— Danville,    III. 
Howard  Gillett— Danville,  III. 
Sergeant   Stanley   Gruesmilni — Georgetow 
Sergeant    Hazlett   Hahne— Danville,   111. 
Richarrf   M.    Reddy— Danville,    III. 
Fred  P.  Thompson — Georgetown.   III. 
Anton   Gustas— Westville.   111. 
Harry    Carpenter— Potomac.    HI. 
Frank    Cast— Fairmont.    111. 
William  Jewell   Whyte— Danville.   111. 
Wm.    Kunkle— Fairmont.    111. 


Benny    Henderson— Danville.    111. 

Raymond   Maberry   (col.)— Danville,   111. 

.\ndrew   Leroy   Esslinger— Danville,  III. 

Fred  Kennedy- Rankin,  III. 

Llovd   K.   Spears— Rossville,   III. 

Frank  A.  Duisman— Chrisman.  III. 

Frank  C.   Berndt— Danville,   III. 

Arthur  Bonner— Chrisman,  111. 

Walter  Kesler— Danville,  111. 

Charles   A.    Reiker— Danville,    111. 

Corporal  Will  J.   Lehman— 418   Park   St.. 

Guy    E.    Stitt— Danville.    III. 

Charles   Bradley    (col.)— 409    Hancock.   Cil 


Wm.    T.    Davis,    Catlin.    III. 

Lieutenant    David    Crockett— 1208    WabasI 

City. 
Mike   Gravatti— Westville.    III. 
Tony   L.   Candy- Westv 


Ray   E.   Dornbla 
Sergeant  Jos.    Vvet)D — Danville. 
Earl   Brooks— Danville,    III. 
Fred  Glasscock— Danville,  III. 
Lieutenant  W.  H.  Busby — Catlii 
Chas.    Smith— Danville.    III. 
Frank    Buell— Ridgefarm,    111. 


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